The crystal structures of synthetics Fe2(SO4)3(H2O)5 and
... The amount of water, x, in the ferric sulfate reagent, was determined to be ∼6.75 by a thermogravimetric analysis. The solution from which Fe2(SO4)3(H2O)5 precipitated was prepared by mixing 1.52 mL water, 0.48 mL sulfuric acid, and 1.98 g of ferric sulfate. The solution was then kept at 90 °C for a ...
... The amount of water, x, in the ferric sulfate reagent, was determined to be ∼6.75 by a thermogravimetric analysis. The solution from which Fe2(SO4)3(H2O)5 precipitated was prepared by mixing 1.52 mL water, 0.48 mL sulfuric acid, and 1.98 g of ferric sulfate. The solution was then kept at 90 °C for a ...
The Optical Beam Diameter Within the Beam
... but would require significant extra code development and testing. A measure of how effective a spatial filter would be can be derived from the system throughput curves shown in Figure 2: if most of the “bad light” has already been thrown away, then little light is left which can be profitably discar ...
... but would require significant extra code development and testing. A measure of how effective a spatial filter would be can be derived from the system throughput curves shown in Figure 2: if most of the “bad light” has already been thrown away, then little light is left which can be profitably discar ...
Dispersion Compensating Fiber Module
... fiber length. Shortening fiber length used in the module is one of the reasons to decrease the insertion loss of the SC-DCF module. Additionally, we have to take into account nonlinear effects in optical fibers. In the case of long-distance transmission, optical signal with high input power is neces ...
... fiber length. Shortening fiber length used in the module is one of the reasons to decrease the insertion loss of the SC-DCF module. Additionally, we have to take into account nonlinear effects in optical fibers. In the case of long-distance transmission, optical signal with high input power is neces ...
Simultaneous Generation of Different Types of Ion Pairs upon
... electron-transfer properties are essentially the same as those of Pe.25 We show that the high time resolution and signal-to-noise ratio of the measurements that can currently be readily achieved reveal a more complex excited-state dynamics than originally assumed. Ultrafast polarization sensitive me ...
... electron-transfer properties are essentially the same as those of Pe.25 We show that the high time resolution and signal-to-noise ratio of the measurements that can currently be readily achieved reveal a more complex excited-state dynamics than originally assumed. Ultrafast polarization sensitive me ...
optical properties of skin, subcutaneous, and muscle tissues
... and indirect methods.112 Direct methods include those based on some fundamental concepts and rules such as the BouguerBeerLambert law, the single-scattering phase function for thin samples, or the e®ective light penetration depth for slabs. The parameters measured are the collimated light transmi ...
... and indirect methods.112 Direct methods include those based on some fundamental concepts and rules such as the BouguerBeerLambert law, the single-scattering phase function for thin samples, or the e®ective light penetration depth for slabs. The parameters measured are the collimated light transmi ...
1 L5: Diffraction L5 DIFFRACTION Objectives Aims From this
... greatly simplified if both the source and the screen are at very large distances from the aperture (i.e. if those distances are much greater than the diameter of the aperture). We will deal quantitatively only with this situation, which is known as Fraunhofer diffraction. Fraunhofer conditions can b ...
... greatly simplified if both the source and the screen are at very large distances from the aperture (i.e. if those distances are much greater than the diameter of the aperture). We will deal quantitatively only with this situation, which is known as Fraunhofer diffraction. Fraunhofer conditions can b ...
Design of Refractive Index Profile for Multimode Optical Fibers with
... categories [1]. It is an effect caused by narrow laser beam injection into the center region of multimode fiber core. As emission from the conventional VCSEL usually consists of about 5 or 6 transversal modes LPlm with maximal azimuthal order l not more than 3, and singlemode Fabry-Perot laser diode ...
... categories [1]. It is an effect caused by narrow laser beam injection into the center region of multimode fiber core. As emission from the conventional VCSEL usually consists of about 5 or 6 transversal modes LPlm with maximal azimuthal order l not more than 3, and singlemode Fabry-Perot laser diode ...
Polarization and angle dependence for hyper-Rayleigh scattering from local
... Hyper-Rayleigh Scattering (HRS) has become an important method for measuring the second-order nonlinear optical properties of materials, especially organic molecules in solution.1,2 The first hyperpolarizability  describing the second-order nonlinear response of a molecule is a third-rank tensor an ...
... Hyper-Rayleigh Scattering (HRS) has become an important method for measuring the second-order nonlinear optical properties of materials, especially organic molecules in solution.1,2 The first hyperpolarizability  describing the second-order nonlinear response of a molecule is a third-rank tensor an ...
Medical applications of Terahertz Imaging: a Review of Current
... By comparison, photonic sources – lasers, photoconductive dipole antennas (PDA), and devices relying on optical mixing to generate THz radiation – are ubiquitous in medical applications. They are used to provide both narrowband continuous wave (CW) radiation and broadband THz pulses across a wide ra ...
... By comparison, photonic sources – lasers, photoconductive dipole antennas (PDA), and devices relying on optical mixing to generate THz radiation – are ubiquitous in medical applications. They are used to provide both narrowband continuous wave (CW) radiation and broadband THz pulses across a wide ra ...
Micro-Displacement Sensor Based on a Hollow
... Monitoring of displacement changes is of practical interest for areas such as aeronautics, metallurgy, and health monitoring of complex structures, among others. With this purpose, several types of displacement sensors were developed based on fiber-optic techniques due to the known advantages of thi ...
... Monitoring of displacement changes is of practical interest for areas such as aeronautics, metallurgy, and health monitoring of complex structures, among others. With this purpose, several types of displacement sensors were developed based on fiber-optic techniques due to the known advantages of thi ...
electromagnetically induced transparency - IAP TU
... Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is a quantum interference phenomenon that arises when coherent optical fields couple to the states of a material quantum system. In EIT the interference occurs between alternative transition pathways, driven by radiation fields within the internal state ...
... Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is a quantum interference phenomenon that arises when coherent optical fields couple to the states of a material quantum system. In EIT the interference occurs between alternative transition pathways, driven by radiation fields within the internal state ...
Measurement of seawater refractive index and salinity by means of
... accurate measurement of seawater refractive index and salinity. The specific goal was to measure the refractive index of the water sample with an accuracy of 10−6 refractive index units (RIU). The size goal was set to be a cylindrical container with a height of 80 mm and a diameter of 36 mm. The rea ...
... accurate measurement of seawater refractive index and salinity. The specific goal was to measure the refractive index of the water sample with an accuracy of 10−6 refractive index units (RIU). The size goal was set to be a cylindrical container with a height of 80 mm and a diameter of 36 mm. The rea ...
Distance Sensing with Dynamic Speckles
... which makes it possible to work with fast-moving objects, and (ii) the possibility of making measurements on extremely rough surfaces where other sensors such as, for example, triangulation [1] do not reach the required performance. The proposed technique is based on the well-known speckle effect di ...
... which makes it possible to work with fast-moving objects, and (ii) the possibility of making measurements on extremely rough surfaces where other sensors such as, for example, triangulation [1] do not reach the required performance. The proposed technique is based on the well-known speckle effect di ...
Fiber Optic Sensors For Detection of Toxic and Biological Threats
... The principle of operation of the developed technique is based on Spatial Intensity Modulation (SIM) of the modal power in multimode fibers. Within a multimode optical fiber, optical signals propagate according to the modal structure of the fiber and the boundary conditions. Altering the boundary co ...
... The principle of operation of the developed technique is based on Spatial Intensity Modulation (SIM) of the modal power in multimode fibers. Within a multimode optical fiber, optical signals propagate according to the modal structure of the fiber and the boundary conditions. Altering the boundary co ...
Fiber optic devices and systems
... Modern optical fiber consists of two coaxial glass cylinders with the inner one having a larger refractive index than the outer one. This structure was already proposed in the late 19th century but its practical application started with the development of endoscopy in medical technology in the early ...
... Modern optical fiber consists of two coaxial glass cylinders with the inner one having a larger refractive index than the outer one. This structure was already proposed in the late 19th century but its practical application started with the development of endoscopy in medical technology in the early ...
Optical Two-Dimensional Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of
... in magnitude measurements. In 2D FTS, inhomogeneous broadening of the ensemble manifests itself as the diagonal elongation, leading to the separation of homogeneous and inhomogeneous linewidths. Inhomogeneous broadening can be determined to provide disorder information of the system. In contrast to ...
... in magnitude measurements. In 2D FTS, inhomogeneous broadening of the ensemble manifests itself as the diagonal elongation, leading to the separation of homogeneous and inhomogeneous linewidths. Inhomogeneous broadening can be determined to provide disorder information of the system. In contrast to ...
Clays form a class of technologically important - Eu
... EDS compositional studies have been carried out on bulk and on grains of the samples. For the characterization of the bulk ten measurements, taking care to avoid the iron-rich grains, were performed scanning different areas with dimensions about 800x800 m2. Then the results were obtained using the ...
... EDS compositional studies have been carried out on bulk and on grains of the samples. For the characterization of the bulk ten measurements, taking care to avoid the iron-rich grains, were performed scanning different areas with dimensions about 800x800 m2. Then the results were obtained using the ...
Integrated Optic/Nanofluidic Detection Device with Plasmonic Readout
... fluid within the microfluidic channel. Light from some source is focused via external optics to a spot inside the channel. Light emitted from the sample is collected via optics and filtered externally. There are many sources of noise in this system, as both the excitation and signal light must trave ...
... fluid within the microfluidic channel. Light from some source is focused via external optics to a spot inside the channel. Light emitted from the sample is collected via optics and filtered externally. There are many sources of noise in this system, as both the excitation and signal light must trave ...
I41035057
... most silica-based fiber. Erbium's quantum levels also allow it to be excited by a signal at either 980 nm or 1480 nm, both of which silica-based fiber can carry without great losses. Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers are the most important fiber amplifiers in the context of long range optical fiber comm ...
... most silica-based fiber. Erbium's quantum levels also allow it to be excited by a signal at either 980 nm or 1480 nm, both of which silica-based fiber can carry without great losses. Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers are the most important fiber amplifiers in the context of long range optical fiber comm ...
Point spread function engineering in confocal scanning microscopy
... The improvement of the performance of optical microscopes has aimed many researches along the last decades. Conventional wide-field microscopes are close to reach their maximum efficiency through the use of the available objectives with numerical apertures (NA) up to 1.4. However, when using this ki ...
... The improvement of the performance of optical microscopes has aimed many researches along the last decades. Conventional wide-field microscopes are close to reach their maximum efficiency through the use of the available objectives with numerical apertures (NA) up to 1.4. However, when using this ki ...
Ultrasensitive absorption spectroscopy with a high
... hand, the mode width will eventually reach a lower limit dictated primarily by mechanical fluctuations in the system and irregularities in the mirror surfaces. At this point, the Fabry–Perot theory breaks down. Consequently, the peak transmission begins to fall, again to conserve energy. The limitin ...
... hand, the mode width will eventually reach a lower limit dictated primarily by mechanical fluctuations in the system and irregularities in the mirror surfaces. At this point, the Fabry–Perot theory breaks down. Consequently, the peak transmission begins to fall, again to conserve energy. The limitin ...
Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
... to differentiate between light attenuation caused by skull and overlying tissues and light attenuation caused by cerebral tissue. This is called the multi-distance approach and is used in several types of spectrometer, such as spatially resolved spectroscopy and functional NIRS. In most of the NIRS ...
... to differentiate between light attenuation caused by skull and overlying tissues and light attenuation caused by cerebral tissue. This is called the multi-distance approach and is used in several types of spectrometer, such as spatially resolved spectroscopy and functional NIRS. In most of the NIRS ...
Handbook of Optical Filters for Fluorescence Microscopy
... sample preparation techniques often limit the maximum concentration allowed in the sample, thus reducing the overall amount of light actually absorbed by the stained specimen. The quantum efficiency, which is the ratio of light energy absorbed to fluorescence emitted, determines how much of this abs ...
... sample preparation techniques often limit the maximum concentration allowed in the sample, thus reducing the overall amount of light actually absorbed by the stained specimen. The quantum efficiency, which is the ratio of light energy absorbed to fluorescence emitted, determines how much of this abs ...
Novel applications of Photonic Force Microscopy Giovanni Volpe
... of micrometer size, which randomly moves due to Brownian motion in the potential well formed by the optical trap and a position sensing system. The analysis of the thermal motion provides information about the local forces acting on the particle. The three-dimensional probe position can be recorded ...
... of micrometer size, which randomly moves due to Brownian motion in the potential well formed by the optical trap and a position sensing system. The analysis of the thermal motion provides information about the local forces acting on the particle. The three-dimensional probe position can be recorded ...
Estimation of longitudinal resolution in optical coherence
... The spectrum analyzer, which is employed to measure the PSD of the SLD, provides a discrete data set of 1001 samples 共N兲 with 0.4-nm resolution 共␦兲. The domain of the time delay depends on the center wavelength 0 and ␦ as 关⫺02兾共2c␦兲, 02兾共2c␦兲兴, such that the time-delay resolution ␦ will be ...
... The spectrum analyzer, which is employed to measure the PSD of the SLD, provides a discrete data set of 1001 samples 共N兲 with 0.4-nm resolution 共␦兲. The domain of the time delay depends on the center wavelength 0 and ␦ as 关⫺02兾共2c␦兲, 02兾共2c␦兲兴, such that the time-delay resolution ␦ will be ...