Laser cooling in thulium-doped solids
... TEC’s, but can cool at temperatures as low as 100 K [2]. Mechanical coolers such as Stirling cycle coolers can reach temperatures of order 10 K but are relatively large and cause vibrations that are problematic for many applications such as focal-plane sensor elements. Optical coolers do not have th ...
... TEC’s, but can cool at temperatures as low as 100 K [2]. Mechanical coolers such as Stirling cycle coolers can reach temperatures of order 10 K but are relatively large and cause vibrations that are problematic for many applications such as focal-plane sensor elements. Optical coolers do not have th ...
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... vapor length. The cell was maintained at a constant temperature of about 750 K to produce a weak signal absorption of 50% at line center. The absence of a hyperfine interaction in 174Yb allowed us to realize ideal two-level atomic response by employing circularly polarized excitation fields and appl ...
... vapor length. The cell was maintained at a constant temperature of about 750 K to produce a weak signal absorption of 50% at line center. The absence of a hyperfine interaction in 174Yb allowed us to realize ideal two-level atomic response by employing circularly polarized excitation fields and appl ...
Modes Effective Refractive Index Difference Measurement
... The effective refractive indices of the modes, and effective refractive index differences between the modes are important characteristics for few-mode optical fibers. By measuring the reflection spectrum of the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) fabricated in the few-mode fiber, some discrete information of ...
... The effective refractive indices of the modes, and effective refractive index differences between the modes are important characteristics for few-mode optical fibers. By measuring the reflection spectrum of the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) fabricated in the few-mode fiber, some discrete information of ...
Measuring the Real Point Spread Function of High Numerical
... In confocal microscopy, where the signal is determined by the overlap of the effective excitation and detection PSFs, the loss of register between them should lead to a reduction of signal towards the edge of the field of view. It has to be said, though, that in most confocal microscopes, almost alw ...
... In confocal microscopy, where the signal is determined by the overlap of the effective excitation and detection PSFs, the loss of register between them should lead to a reduction of signal towards the edge of the field of view. It has to be said, though, that in most confocal microscopes, almost alw ...
Phononic Crystal Waveguiding in GaAs Golnaz Azodi Aval
... Measured displacement map of a 317.86 MHz SAW. The SAW frequency is lower than the crystal BG. Top: normalized intensity of reflected light obtained near the entrance to the waveguide. Bottom: SAW displacement near the waveguide entrance taken simultaneously with the reflection image. . . . . . . . ...
... Measured displacement map of a 317.86 MHz SAW. The SAW frequency is lower than the crystal BG. Top: normalized intensity of reflected light obtained near the entrance to the waveguide. Bottom: SAW displacement near the waveguide entrance taken simultaneously with the reflection image. . . . . . . . ...
Optical Comms 2004 (Summer)
... This in turn opens up transmission at wavelengths circa 1400 nm and 1000 nm, which have not been utilised to date. Scattering Loss: Scattering is a process whereby all or some of the optical power in a mode is transferred into another mode. This frequently causes attenuation, since the transfer is o ...
... This in turn opens up transmission at wavelengths circa 1400 nm and 1000 nm, which have not been utilised to date. Scattering Loss: Scattering is a process whereby all or some of the optical power in a mode is transferred into another mode. This frequently causes attenuation, since the transfer is o ...
Fiber Waveguide
... change at the core–cladding interface, such fibers are called step-index fibers. In a different type of fiber, known as graded-index fiber, the refractive index decreases gradually inside the core. Considerable insight in the guiding properties of optical fibers can be gained by using a ray picture ...
... change at the core–cladding interface, such fibers are called step-index fibers. In a different type of fiber, known as graded-index fiber, the refractive index decreases gradually inside the core. Considerable insight in the guiding properties of optical fibers can be gained by using a ray picture ...
Coherent and incoherent scattering in the resonance fluorescence
... a freely propagating laser beam is studied. The combination of cryogenic single molecule spectroscopy and strongly focusing with solid immersion optics leads to a system in which a single molecule can extinguish an ongoing laser beam by more than 10 %. DBATT (dibenzanthanthrene) molecules in alcane ...
... a freely propagating laser beam is studied. The combination of cryogenic single molecule spectroscopy and strongly focusing with solid immersion optics leads to a system in which a single molecule can extinguish an ongoing laser beam by more than 10 %. DBATT (dibenzanthanthrene) molecules in alcane ...
Two electric field Monte Carlo models of coherent backscattering of
... Studying the propagation of coherent polarized light in turbid tissue-like scattering media is a fascinating topic of research that provides an understanding of the coherent effects of multiple scattering, such as an enhancement of coherent backscattering (EBS) and formation of laser speckles in opt ...
... Studying the propagation of coherent polarized light in turbid tissue-like scattering media is a fascinating topic of research that provides an understanding of the coherent effects of multiple scattering, such as an enhancement of coherent backscattering (EBS) and formation of laser speckles in opt ...
Structural and Functional Characterization of Luminescent Silver
... cleavage of disulfide bonds to sulfyhydryl groups in a protein and perhaps breaks some of the peptide bonds also leading to its denaturation. Reconstitution of a protein denotes the process of returning of a denatured protein to its original structure and activity. Reconstitution of a reduced protei ...
... cleavage of disulfide bonds to sulfyhydryl groups in a protein and perhaps breaks some of the peptide bonds also leading to its denaturation. Reconstitution of a protein denotes the process of returning of a denatured protein to its original structure and activity. Reconstitution of a reduced protei ...
Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Optical
... • But this comes at the expense of long-distance reach. • The wide core allows multiple modes of light to propagate. • This causes “modal distortion”, which severely limits distance. • Typically limited to 20-500 meters, depending on the signal type. ...
... • But this comes at the expense of long-distance reach. • The wide core allows multiple modes of light to propagate. • This causes “modal distortion”, which severely limits distance. • Typically limited to 20-500 meters, depending on the signal type. ...
Absorption and fluorescence spectra of poly
... It was hypothesized that the two fluorescing structures were the aromatic unit of the phthalate residue (herein referred to as the 'monomer') and a ground-state aggregation of the same residue (herein referred to as the 'dimer'). While Soxhlet extraction to remove smallmolecule impurities from the P ...
... It was hypothesized that the two fluorescing structures were the aromatic unit of the phthalate residue (herein referred to as the 'monomer') and a ground-state aggregation of the same residue (herein referred to as the 'dimer'). While Soxhlet extraction to remove smallmolecule impurities from the P ...
Lactose/D-Galactose
... time to time. For clarification, add 5 ml of Carrez-I-solution (3.60 g potassium hexacyanoferrate(II), K4[Fe(CN)6] × 3 H2O/100 ml), 5 ml of Carrez-II-solution (7.20 g of zinc sulfate, ZnSO4 × 7 H2O/100 ml) and 10 ml of NaOH (0.1 M); mix after each addition, adjust to 20-25°C and fill up to the mark ...
... time to time. For clarification, add 5 ml of Carrez-I-solution (3.60 g potassium hexacyanoferrate(II), K4[Fe(CN)6] × 3 H2O/100 ml), 5 ml of Carrez-II-solution (7.20 g of zinc sulfate, ZnSO4 × 7 H2O/100 ml) and 10 ml of NaOH (0.1 M); mix after each addition, adjust to 20-25°C and fill up to the mark ...
Research Article Influence of Thickness on the Holographic Parameters of H-PDLC Materials
... a function of the thickness. The linearity in this behavior, for both cases, means that the product of thickness and refractive index modulation remains almost constant. These values were measured after 60 s of exposure, when the gratings are in the saturation zone and the polymerization has finishe ...
... a function of the thickness. The linearity in this behavior, for both cases, means that the product of thickness and refractive index modulation remains almost constant. These values were measured after 60 s of exposure, when the gratings are in the saturation zone and the polymerization has finishe ...
Lactose/D-Galactose
... time to time. For clarification, add 5 ml of Carrez-I-solution (3.60 g potassium hexacyanoferrate(II), K4[Fe(CN)6] × 3 H2O/100 ml), 5 ml of Carrez-II-solution (7.20 g of zinc sulfate, ZnSO4 × 7 H2O/100 ml) and 10 ml of NaOH (0.1 M); mix after each addition, adjust to 20-25°C and fill up to the mark ...
... time to time. For clarification, add 5 ml of Carrez-I-solution (3.60 g potassium hexacyanoferrate(II), K4[Fe(CN)6] × 3 H2O/100 ml), 5 ml of Carrez-II-solution (7.20 g of zinc sulfate, ZnSO4 × 7 H2O/100 ml) and 10 ml of NaOH (0.1 M); mix after each addition, adjust to 20-25°C and fill up to the mark ...
`Lissajous-like` trajectories in optical tweezers
... function of micro-scale biological systems. This understanding may also facilitate the development of artificial micro-swimmers and fluid pumps, and inform the growing field of microrobotics [11–14]. Many low Reynolds number micro-particle systems have been understood with the aid of optical tweezer ...
... function of micro-scale biological systems. This understanding may also facilitate the development of artificial micro-swimmers and fluid pumps, and inform the growing field of microrobotics [11–14]. Many low Reynolds number micro-particle systems have been understood with the aid of optical tweezer ...
Theoretical criteria for scattering dark states in nanostructured particles Chia Wei Hsu,
... lossless materials and significantly suppressed scattering for realistic materials with loss. We also discuss potential applications for slow light, transparent projection screen, and wavelength-selective transmission. Consider a linearly polarized planewave incident on an obstacle that is spherical ...
... lossless materials and significantly suppressed scattering for realistic materials with loss. We also discuss potential applications for slow light, transparent projection screen, and wavelength-selective transmission. Consider a linearly polarized planewave incident on an obstacle that is spherical ...
Optical microscope - Frank`s Hospital Workshop
... Usually, a λ of 550 nm is assumed, corresponding to green light. With air as medium, the highest practical NA is 0.95, and with oil, up to 1.5. In practice the lowest value of d obtainable is about 200 nm. Other optical microscope designs can offer an improved resolution. These include ultraviolet m ...
... Usually, a λ of 550 nm is assumed, corresponding to green light. With air as medium, the highest practical NA is 0.95, and with oil, up to 1.5. In practice the lowest value of d obtainable is about 200 nm. Other optical microscope designs can offer an improved resolution. These include ultraviolet m ...
Light propagation in dry and wet softwood
... Briefly, the wood sample was illuminated almost perpendicularly (about 10◦ ) to the wood surface at x = y = 0 mm in z-direction using a laser diode at λ = 808 nm, compare Fig. 1. The remitted light was measured spatially resolved by imaging the wood surface onto a 16-bit CCDCamera. The geometry of t ...
... Briefly, the wood sample was illuminated almost perpendicularly (about 10◦ ) to the wood surface at x = y = 0 mm in z-direction using a laser diode at λ = 808 nm, compare Fig. 1. The remitted light was measured spatially resolved by imaging the wood surface onto a 16-bit CCDCamera. The geometry of t ...
Measuring and Modelling Light Scattering in Paper
... of the fluoresced light is related to the average depth of emission, which in turn depends on factors such as concentration of fluorophores, angle of incident light and the absorption coefficient at the excitation wavelength. All measurements are conducted with a commercially available benchtop size ...
... of the fluoresced light is related to the average depth of emission, which in turn depends on factors such as concentration of fluorophores, angle of incident light and the absorption coefficient at the excitation wavelength. All measurements are conducted with a commercially available benchtop size ...
Heterogeneous Time Dependent Static Light Scattering
... being proportional to the particle volume. Gear and Bednarek20 found that cells with diameters as low as 0.45µm can still be accurately measured. Bryant et al.21 found a volume of 0.62 µm3 for Escherichia coli cells, using the electrical method. As discussed above, scattering from large particles re ...
... being proportional to the particle volume. Gear and Bednarek20 found that cells with diameters as low as 0.45µm can still be accurately measured. Bryant et al.21 found a volume of 0.62 µm3 for Escherichia coli cells, using the electrical method. As discussed above, scattering from large particles re ...
Collective effects in the radiation pressure force
... diffusive description of light transport, or with an incoherent, random-walk model for photons. In this “diffuse scattering” approach, no information on the phase of the scattered light is required to obtain a satisfactory description of the observed experimental results. On the contrary, at the end ...
... diffusive description of light transport, or with an incoherent, random-walk model for photons. In this “diffuse scattering” approach, no information on the phase of the scattered light is required to obtain a satisfactory description of the observed experimental results. On the contrary, at the end ...
Stability of Organic Cations in Solution
... polycrystalline Au specimen. We collected electrons emitted an angle of both 0° (normal emission) and 60° (grazing emission) from the surface normal. The work function was measured from the threshold energy for the emission of secondary electrons during He I excitation. In the latter case, a negativ ...
... polycrystalline Au specimen. We collected electrons emitted an angle of both 0° (normal emission) and 60° (grazing emission) from the surface normal. The work function was measured from the threshold energy for the emission of secondary electrons during He I excitation. In the latter case, a negativ ...
Resolution enhancement techniques in microscopy
... Because of the importance of enhanced resolution for science, technology and medicine, microscopy is widely regarded an important discovery: advances in optical microscopy correlate well with advances in our understanding of biology, and medicine [Masters 2008; 2009a; 2009b]. Schellenberg edited a b ...
... Because of the importance of enhanced resolution for science, technology and medicine, microscopy is widely regarded an important discovery: advances in optical microscopy correlate well with advances in our understanding of biology, and medicine [Masters 2008; 2009a; 2009b]. Schellenberg edited a b ...
MEMS for micro optics: from fiber optic communication to display
... 10 V at a speed faster than 1 kHz. The performance could be further improved to demonstrate an application of optical computing that could be used in place of the conventional system using the liquid crystal displays [9]. ...
... 10 V at a speed faster than 1 kHz. The performance could be further improved to demonstrate an application of optical computing that could be used in place of the conventional system using the liquid crystal displays [9]. ...