Chapter 4. Antigens
... Terminology: Antigen: Substances that can be recognized by the surface antibody (B cells) or by the TCR when associated with MHC molecules Immunogenicity VS Antigenicity: Immunogenicity – ability to induce an antibody and/or cell-mediated immune response Antigenicity – ability to combine with the fi ...
... Terminology: Antigen: Substances that can be recognized by the surface antibody (B cells) or by the TCR when associated with MHC molecules Immunogenicity VS Antigenicity: Immunogenicity – ability to induce an antibody and/or cell-mediated immune response Antigenicity – ability to combine with the fi ...
Lymphatic System
... Immune system activation – monitor for antigens and mount an attack against them ...
... Immune system activation – monitor for antigens and mount an attack against them ...
Immediate Hypersensitivity (Hypersensitivity type 1)
... them repeatedly and, unlike microbes, they do not generally stimulate the innate immune responses that are associated with macrophage and dendritic cell secretion of TH1- and TH17-inducing cytokines Chronic or repeated T cell activation in the absence of strong innate immunity ...
... them repeatedly and, unlike microbes, they do not generally stimulate the innate immune responses that are associated with macrophage and dendritic cell secretion of TH1- and TH17-inducing cytokines Chronic or repeated T cell activation in the absence of strong innate immunity ...
Vaccines: Essential Weapons in the Fight Against Disease
... of these worms send out finger-like projections that completely engulf and then digest food particles. He called these cells phagocytes and proposed that they were produced by animals to devour foreign invaders, thus “performing a protective role against injurious agents.” This discovery formed the ...
... of these worms send out finger-like projections that completely engulf and then digest food particles. He called these cells phagocytes and proposed that they were produced by animals to devour foreign invaders, thus “performing a protective role against injurious agents.” This discovery formed the ...
a stochastic model of the immune system in two
... components to regulate itself. Using a system of differential equations, he described a mathematical model for the normal immune system. After Jerne's groundbreaking work application of mathematics to immunology expanded tremendously. Let us summarize some important steps in this progress. (For a d ...
... components to regulate itself. Using a system of differential equations, he described a mathematical model for the normal immune system. After Jerne's groundbreaking work application of mathematics to immunology expanded tremendously. Let us summarize some important steps in this progress. (For a d ...
A proposal for a simple and inexpensive therapeutic cancer
... (sometimes called ‘danger signals’). Exposure to microbes thus activates dendritic cells, allowing them to prime, rather than switch off Tcell responses. This is how successful immune responses are mounted against infectious diseases. Co-injection of bacterial products is also the empirical method b ...
... (sometimes called ‘danger signals’). Exposure to microbes thus activates dendritic cells, allowing them to prime, rather than switch off Tcell responses. This is how successful immune responses are mounted against infectious diseases. Co-injection of bacterial products is also the empirical method b ...
Policy Forum
... to prevent these events; what is less clear is whether they have any role in controlling mucosal viral replication, viral evolution, and immune cell depletion [9,11]. A number of studies have identified a paucity in the induction of robust HIV-specific mucosal immunoglobulin A (IgA)and IgG responses i ...
... to prevent these events; what is less clear is whether they have any role in controlling mucosal viral replication, viral evolution, and immune cell depletion [9,11]. A number of studies have identified a paucity in the induction of robust HIV-specific mucosal immunoglobulin A (IgA)and IgG responses i ...
Anti-Viral Vaccines
... A virus is a submicroscopic obligate parasitic particle that infects cells in biological organisms. Viruses are non-living particles that can only replicate when an organism reproduces the virulent RNA or DNA. Among other things, viruses do not move, metabolize, or decay on their own. Viruses ...
... A virus is a submicroscopic obligate parasitic particle that infects cells in biological organisms. Viruses are non-living particles that can only replicate when an organism reproduces the virulent RNA or DNA. Among other things, viruses do not move, metabolize, or decay on their own. Viruses ...
Slide 1
... A transverse section through the trunk, showing the typical position of the spleen projecting into the abdominopelvic cavity. The shape of the spleen roughly conforms to the shapes of adjacent organs. ...
... A transverse section through the trunk, showing the typical position of the spleen projecting into the abdominopelvic cavity. The shape of the spleen roughly conforms to the shapes of adjacent organs. ...
Complement as effector system in cancer immunotherapy
... mass. Moreover, C components are readily available as a first line of defense because they are synthesized locally by many cell types, including macrophages [8] fibroblasts [9] and endothelial cells [10,11]. Several neoplastic cells have also been shown to synthesize and secrete components of the C ...
... mass. Moreover, C components are readily available as a first line of defense because they are synthesized locally by many cell types, including macrophages [8] fibroblasts [9] and endothelial cells [10,11]. Several neoplastic cells have also been shown to synthesize and secrete components of the C ...
Immune system
... external medium factors (infectious agents) : elimination of pathogenic agents with the nonspecific means of IS response or producing of some cellular and molecular components for adopting the pathogenic agent (specific means). ...
... external medium factors (infectious agents) : elimination of pathogenic agents with the nonspecific means of IS response or producing of some cellular and molecular components for adopting the pathogenic agent (specific means). ...
Superiority of the ear pinna over muscle tissue as site for
... is becoming increasingly important for potential treatment of genetic and acquired disorders. Without any specific delivery system the direct DNA transfer into tissues is followed by uptake of plasmid molecules into the cytoplasm and subsequently into the nucleus of cells. They are then translated i ...
... is becoming increasingly important for potential treatment of genetic and acquired disorders. Without any specific delivery system the direct DNA transfer into tissues is followed by uptake of plasmid molecules into the cytoplasm and subsequently into the nucleus of cells. They are then translated i ...
Infection-Induced Changes in Hematopoiesis
... Notably, some of the responses associated with diverse infections are context dependent, which likely reflects different host–pathogen interactions. Thus, whether a pathogen can establish infection in the BM and which cell types it infects are relevant factors. This has led to an interest in underst ...
... Notably, some of the responses associated with diverse infections are context dependent, which likely reflects different host–pathogen interactions. Thus, whether a pathogen can establish infection in the BM and which cell types it infects are relevant factors. This has led to an interest in underst ...
071300 The Immune System — Second of Two Parts
... firmly established, but the a/b T cells in this population may assist in the production of mucosal IgA and some g/d T cells may participate in the induction of immunologic tolerance to antigens at mucosal surfaces. However, the specificity of many intestinal g/d T cells for microbial antigens indica ...
... firmly established, but the a/b T cells in this population may assist in the production of mucosal IgA and some g/d T cells may participate in the induction of immunologic tolerance to antigens at mucosal surfaces. However, the specificity of many intestinal g/d T cells for microbial antigens indica ...
BME 301 - Rice University
... Use part of pathogen OR Use genetic engineering to manufacture pathogen protein No danger of infection Hepatitis A & B, Haemophilus influenza type b, pneumonoccocal conjugate vaccines ...
... Use part of pathogen OR Use genetic engineering to manufacture pathogen protein No danger of infection Hepatitis A & B, Haemophilus influenza type b, pneumonoccocal conjugate vaccines ...
Immune system
The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease. To function properly, an immune system must detect a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms, and distinguish them from the organism's own healthy tissue. In many species, the immune system can be classified into subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity.Pathogens can rapidly evolve and adapt, and thereby avoid detection and neutralization by the immune system; however, multiple defense mechanisms have also evolved to recognize and neutralize pathogens. Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system, in the form of enzymes that protect against bacteriophage infections. Other basic immune mechanisms evolved in ancient eukaryotes and remain in their modern descendants, such as plants and insects. These mechanisms include phagocytosis, antimicrobial peptides called defensins, and the complement system. Jawed vertebrates, including humans, have even more sophisticated defense mechanisms, including the ability to adapt over time to recognize specific pathogens more efficiently. Adaptive (or acquired) immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leading to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that same pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination.Disorders of the immune system can result in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer.Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections. In humans, immunodeficiency can either be the result of a genetic disease such as severe combined immunodeficiency, acquired conditions such as HIV/AIDS, or the use of immunosuppressive medication. In contrast, autoimmunity results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms. Common autoimmune diseases include Hashimoto's thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus type 1, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology covers the study of all aspects of the immune system.