Combatting underarm odor by the means of microbial
... Furthermore, I would like to thank dr. Jo Lambert and Mireille van Gele, of the department of dermatology of Ghent University, because of their contribution in their area of specialization. At last, but perhaps the most important: all my fellow colleagues at LabMET, who were always available for a c ...
... Furthermore, I would like to thank dr. Jo Lambert and Mireille van Gele, of the department of dermatology of Ghent University, because of their contribution in their area of specialization. At last, but perhaps the most important: all my fellow colleagues at LabMET, who were always available for a c ...
Determinants and Correlates of Placebo
... Placebo:.................................................................................................................................................................... 6 True/Pure Placebo: .......................................................................................................... ...
... Placebo:.................................................................................................................................................................... 6 True/Pure Placebo: .......................................................................................................... ...
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology_129_3_2012
... It is generally accepted that the appropriate primary endpoints for assessing the response of allergic ...
... It is generally accepted that the appropriate primary endpoints for assessing the response of allergic ...
2005219 Summary - EU Clinical Trials Register
... All subjects were to be followed for disease progression, second primary tumors, additional malignancies, and survival for up to 10 years. Planned: 275 subjects. Randomized: 281 subjects total; 115 subjects to palifermin pre/post-CT, 109 subjects to palifermin pre-CT, and 57 subjects to placebo. Ana ...
... All subjects were to be followed for disease progression, second primary tumors, additional malignancies, and survival for up to 10 years. Planned: 275 subjects. Randomized: 281 subjects total; 115 subjects to palifermin pre/post-CT, 109 subjects to palifermin pre-CT, and 57 subjects to placebo. Ana ...
Up to 85 Percent of Men Achieved Significantly Improved Erections
... 10 mg dose reported improved satisfaction in their sexual life. Patients also reported statistically significant improvements (over placebo) in satisfaction with their relationships and their lives as a whole. The studies found vardenafil was well tolerated, with side effects that were mild to moder ...
... 10 mg dose reported improved satisfaction in their sexual life. Patients also reported statistically significant improvements (over placebo) in satisfaction with their relationships and their lives as a whole. The studies found vardenafil was well tolerated, with side effects that were mild to moder ...
Placebo effects in chronic pain conditions. Can placebo components
... chronic pain patients may differ (Hyland 2001; Klinger & Flor 2013; Vase, Skyt, Petersen & Price 2014). This review will outline current knowledge of placebo effects in chronic pain states and discuss how placebo components of treatments can be optimized in clinical practice. Moreover, we will discu ...
... chronic pain patients may differ (Hyland 2001; Klinger & Flor 2013; Vase, Skyt, Petersen & Price 2014). This review will outline current knowledge of placebo effects in chronic pain states and discuss how placebo components of treatments can be optimized in clinical practice. Moreover, we will discu ...
Placebo effects: clinical aspects and neurobiology
... and their exclusion compromises the generalizability of clinical trial results (Kaptchuk, 1998a; Pablos-Mâendez et al., 1998). The patient’s belief regarding their allocation to an active or placebo group may produce a greater effect than the active intervention drug itself, such as in surgery for ...
... and their exclusion compromises the generalizability of clinical trial results (Kaptchuk, 1998a; Pablos-Mâendez et al., 1998). The patient’s belief regarding their allocation to an active or placebo group may produce a greater effect than the active intervention drug itself, such as in surgery for ...
A CFTR Potentiator in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis and the G551D
... Effects on pulmonary function were noted by 2 weeks, and a significant treatment effect was maintained through week 48. Subjects receiving ivacaftor were 55% less likely to have a pulmonary exacerbation than were patients receiving placebo, through week 48 (P<0.001). In addition, through week 48, su ...
... Effects on pulmonary function were noted by 2 weeks, and a significant treatment effect was maintained through week 48. Subjects receiving ivacaftor were 55% less likely to have a pulmonary exacerbation than were patients receiving placebo, through week 48 (P<0.001). In addition, through week 48, su ...
Rapid acute treatment of agitation in individuals with schizophrenia
... (Basking Ridge, New Jersey). The primary end-point was the change from baseline in the PANSS–EC score 2 h after dose one of inhaled loxapine compared with the change from baseline after inhaled placebo. The key secondary efficacy end-point was the absolute CGI–I score 2 h after dose one of inhaled l ...
... (Basking Ridge, New Jersey). The primary end-point was the change from baseline in the PANSS–EC score 2 h after dose one of inhaled loxapine compared with the change from baseline after inhaled placebo. The key secondary efficacy end-point was the absolute CGI–I score 2 h after dose one of inhaled l ...
The Placebo Effect: is achieving trial success all in our minds?
... other contributing (or in fact confounding) factors such as the natural course of the disease or spontaneous symptom fluctuations. However, RCTs usually do not control for the natural course because this would require a “no treatment” control group; instead, it is assumed that the natural course is ...
... other contributing (or in fact confounding) factors such as the natural course of the disease or spontaneous symptom fluctuations. However, RCTs usually do not control for the natural course because this would require a “no treatment” control group; instead, it is assumed that the natural course is ...
Vol. II, 1. 2011 The Placebo Effect
... to be reduced after placebo as sham surgery, along with administration in some studies. If one expects a verbal suggestions (or any other cue) of clinical distressing symptom to subside shortly, anxiety benefit (Price et al, 2008). Therefore, the effect that tends to decrease. In brain imaging studi ...
... to be reduced after placebo as sham surgery, along with administration in some studies. If one expects a verbal suggestions (or any other cue) of clinical distressing symptom to subside shortly, anxiety benefit (Price et al, 2008). Therefore, the effect that tends to decrease. In brain imaging studi ...
Double-Blinding: The Benefits and Risks of Being in the Dark
... surgical techniques to exercise, cannot be tested in double masked conditions. For these treatments double masking is an impossible standard. Although we may in the end have to bite the bullet and admit that these treatments are simply unlucky and cannot be supported by ‘best evidence’, it is surely ...
... surgical techniques to exercise, cannot be tested in double masked conditions. For these treatments double masking is an impossible standard. Although we may in the end have to bite the bullet and admit that these treatments are simply unlucky and cannot be supported by ‘best evidence’, it is surely ...
The placebo is powerful: Estimating placebo effects in medicine and
... they are often called in medical studies); the natural course of the disorder is portrayed to indicate the various effects of this design. The experiment is designed to test if the specific treatment effect (treatment vis-à-vis placebo) produces a test statistic sufficient to reject the null hypothe ...
... they are often called in medical studies); the natural course of the disorder is portrayed to indicate the various effects of this design. The experiment is designed to test if the specific treatment effect (treatment vis-à-vis placebo) produces a test statistic sufficient to reject the null hypothe ...
Wheezy Child: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approach
... Placebo controlled recurrent wheezing n = 30 age mean 16 (7-24) months Treatment: FP. 100-250 micrograms/day, duration 6 months Symptom score – 2 agonist usage Side effect (development, bone density) Result: effective, no side effects ...
... Placebo controlled recurrent wheezing n = 30 age mean 16 (7-24) months Treatment: FP. 100-250 micrograms/day, duration 6 months Symptom score – 2 agonist usage Side effect (development, bone density) Result: effective, no side effects ...
The Powerful Placebo Effect: Fact or Fiction?
... order to investigate placebo effects, Beecher retrospectively attributed the improvements in the placebo groups to effects of the placebo administration. However, on the basis of the published data, in all of these trials the reported outcome in the placebo groups can be fully, plausibly, and easily ...
... order to investigate placebo effects, Beecher retrospectively attributed the improvements in the placebo groups to effects of the placebo administration. However, on the basis of the published data, in all of these trials the reported outcome in the placebo groups can be fully, plausibly, and easily ...
Placebo interventions, placebo effects and clinical practice
... improvement in placebo groups [27]. A careful reanalysis of the original studies included in Beecher’s review concluded that spontaneous improvement, fluctuation of symptoms, regression to the mean, additional treatment, response biases and misquotation were plausible alternative explanations for th ...
... improvement in placebo groups [27]. A careful reanalysis of the original studies included in Beecher’s review concluded that spontaneous improvement, fluctuation of symptoms, regression to the mean, additional treatment, response biases and misquotation were plausible alternative explanations for th ...
The placebo effect in neurological disorders
... which results in measurement and reporting biases.1 For example, patients who believe they are not receiving the active drug may actually decline below baseline (negative placebo effect). In addition, the patient’s knowledge of the treatment he or she is receiving will surely alter his or her expect ...
... which results in measurement and reporting biases.1 For example, patients who believe they are not receiving the active drug may actually decline below baseline (negative placebo effect). In addition, the patient’s knowledge of the treatment he or she is receiving will surely alter his or her expect ...
The silent healer: the role of communication in placebo effects.
... with the described mechanisms, while at the same time pleading for some methodological innovations. Hopefully, this will inspire researchers to develop a new generation of intervention studies to provide ‘hard’ evidence for the ‘soft’ side of medicine. 2. THE AMBIGUITY OF THE ‘PLACEBO’-CONCEPT Somet ...
... with the described mechanisms, while at the same time pleading for some methodological innovations. Hopefully, this will inspire researchers to develop a new generation of intervention studies to provide ‘hard’ evidence for the ‘soft’ side of medicine. 2. THE AMBIGUITY OF THE ‘PLACEBO’-CONCEPT Somet ...
Something out of nothing: the placebo effect
... providing information) before medical procedures or in managing chronic conditions can improve outcome. Moreover, optimistic outcome expectancies are more effective than cautious or sceptical expectancies at enhancing clinical outcome, especially on subjective self-report measures. However, most stu ...
... providing information) before medical procedures or in managing chronic conditions can improve outcome. Moreover, optimistic outcome expectancies are more effective than cautious or sceptical expectancies at enhancing clinical outcome, especially on subjective self-report measures. However, most stu ...
Harnessing the placebo effect - Philosophical Transactions of the
... placebos were partially explained by trial designs and whether patients were informed about the inclusion of inert substances. For example, larger placebo effects were present when patients were not informed that they would receive a placebo intervention. Metaregression analyses showed a positive as ...
... placebos were partially explained by trial designs and whether patients were informed about the inclusion of inert substances. For example, larger placebo effects were present when patients were not informed that they would receive a placebo intervention. Metaregression analyses showed a positive as ...
Evaluating Treatments for Meniere`s Disease
... not only in the practitioner appeasing the patient but also in the patient appeasing the practitioner by providing obliging reports (Kienle and Kiene, 1996). If the patient is a part of an open-label drug study, or unknowingly receives an ineffective treatment from a physician, human nature may driv ...
... not only in the practitioner appeasing the patient but also in the patient appeasing the practitioner by providing obliging reports (Kienle and Kiene, 1996). If the patient is a part of an open-label drug study, or unknowingly receives an ineffective treatment from a physician, human nature may driv ...
(PPT, 196KB)
... the placebo initiating the release of endorphins, which are natural pain killers produced by the brain. The other way is the placebo changing the patient's perception of pain. A person might reinterpret a sharp pain as uncomfortable tingling.[http://www.cancer.org/treatm ent/treatmentsandsideeffects ...
... the placebo initiating the release of endorphins, which are natural pain killers produced by the brain. The other way is the placebo changing the patient's perception of pain. A person might reinterpret a sharp pain as uncomfortable tingling.[http://www.cancer.org/treatm ent/treatmentsandsideeffects ...
Developing New Molecules for the Treatment of Painful Diabetic
... identifying individuals more likely to respond to placebo. This approach should be utilized particularly in phase 2 Proof of Concept. We acknowledge that the attempt to identify subjects more likely to respond to placebo on its own might bias the results to responders and does not necessarily guaran ...
... identifying individuals more likely to respond to placebo. This approach should be utilized particularly in phase 2 Proof of Concept. We acknowledge that the attempt to identify subjects more likely to respond to placebo on its own might bias the results to responders and does not necessarily guaran ...
The Power of Expectation – Understanding the Placebo and Nocebo
... of whether they received the real surgery or not. This highlights the fact that expectation plays a major role for symptom improvement and well-being, even in surgery. The beliefs of patients about the drugs they receive substantially influence the amount of medication they need. This was shown by B ...
... of whether they received the real surgery or not. This highlights the fact that expectation plays a major role for symptom improvement and well-being, even in surgery. The beliefs of patients about the drugs they receive substantially influence the amount of medication they need. This was shown by B ...
Placebo
A placebo (/pləˈsiboʊ/ plə-SEE-boh; Latin placēbō, ""I shall please"" from placeō, ""I please"") is a simulated or otherwise medically ineffectual treatment for a disease or other medical condition intended to deceive the recipient. Sometimes patients given a placebo treatment will have a perceived or actual improvement in a medical condition, a phenomenon commonly called the placebo effect or placebo response. The placebo effect consists of several different effects woven together, and the methods of placebo administration may be as important as the administration itself.In medical research, placebos are given as control treatments and depend on the use of measured suggestion. Common placebos include inert tablets, vehicle infusions, sham surgery, and other procedures based on false information. However, placebos may also have positive effect on the subjective experience of a patient who knows that the given treatment is without any active drug, as compared with a control group who knowingly did not get a placebo. It has also been shown that use of therapies about which patients are unaware is less effective than using ones that patients are informed about.Placebo effects are the subject of scientific research aiming to understand underlying neurobiological mechanisms of action in pain relief, immunosuppression, Parkinson's disease and depression. Brain imaging techniques done by Emeran Mayer, Johanna Jarco and Matt Lieberman showed that placebo can have real, measurable effects on physiological changes in the brain. Some objective physiological changes have been reported, from changes in heart rate and blood pressure to chemical activity in the brain, in cases involving pain, depression, anxiety, fatigue, and some symptoms of Parkinson’s, but in other cases, like asthma, the effect is purely subjective, when the patient reports improvement despite no objective change in the underlying condition.Placebos are widely used in medical research and medicine, and the placebo effect is a pervasive phenomenon; in fact, it is part of the response to any active medical intervention.The placebo effect points to the importance of perception and the brain's role in physical health. However, the use of placebos as treatment in clinical medicine (as opposed to laboratory research) is ethically problematic as it introduces deception and dishonesty into the doctor-patient relationship. The United Kingdom Parliamentary Committee on Science and Technology has stated that: ""...prescribing placebos... usually relies on some degree of patient deception"" and ""prescribing pure placebos is bad medicine. Their effect is unreliable and unpredictable and cannot form the sole basis of any treatment on the NHS.""Since the publication of Henry K. Beecher's The Powerful Placebo in 1955, the phenomenon has been considered to have clinically important effects. This view was notably challenged when, in 2001, a systematic review of clinical trials concluded that there was no evidence of clinically important effects, except perhaps in the treatment of pain and continuous subjective outcomes. The article received a flurry of criticism, but the authors later published a Cochrane review with similar conclusions (updated as of 2010). Most studies have attributed the difference from baseline until the end of the trial to a placebo effect, but the reviewers examined studies which had both placebo and untreated groups in order to distinguish the placebo effect from the natural progression of the disease.