![Generation of memory B cells inside and outside germinal centers](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/006488922_1-eb638d3ba91ef9f162a19d7658837d46-300x300.png)
HPV Clearance and the Neglected Role of Stochasticity
... and oropharyngeal cancers in both women and men. Over 90% of cervical cancers are caused by HPV infections, and up to 60% of squamous cell carcinomas of the vulva, vagina, anus and penis are associated with high-risk types of HPV [1]. More recently, it has been shown that infection with HPV also pla ...
... and oropharyngeal cancers in both women and men. Over 90% of cervical cancers are caused by HPV infections, and up to 60% of squamous cell carcinomas of the vulva, vagina, anus and penis are associated with high-risk types of HPV [1]. More recently, it has been shown that infection with HPV also pla ...
9 Innate and acquired immunity
... rise in certain allergic conditions. The granule contents can be released by the appropriate signal, and the cytotoxic molecules can then kill parasites that are too large to be phagocytosed. Basophils. These cells are found in extremely small numbers in the circulation (<0.2%) and have certain char ...
... rise in certain allergic conditions. The granule contents can be released by the appropriate signal, and the cytotoxic molecules can then kill parasites that are too large to be phagocytosed. Basophils. These cells are found in extremely small numbers in the circulation (<0.2%) and have certain char ...
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... o Splenectomy – also for refractory, when corticosteroids fail o IVIg – may increase RBC survival by saturating Fc receptors on macrophages, can’t deal w/ RBC o Immunosuppressive therapy – including danazol, vinca alkaloids, rituximab Cold Agglutinin AIHA Physiology – usually IgM antibodies agains ...
... o Splenectomy – also for refractory, when corticosteroids fail o IVIg – may increase RBC survival by saturating Fc receptors on macrophages, can’t deal w/ RBC o Immunosuppressive therapy – including danazol, vinca alkaloids, rituximab Cold Agglutinin AIHA Physiology – usually IgM antibodies agains ...
Association of innate immune activation with latent Epstein-Barr virus in active Objective:
... for the presence of EBV-infected cells in active MS lesions overexpressing IFN␣ by EBER-ISH. This approach, therefore, represents a preselection strategy to identify active MS lesions, and increase the possibility of finding EBER⫹ cells. Positive controls included Hodgkin–, post-transplant–, and AID ...
... for the presence of EBV-infected cells in active MS lesions overexpressing IFN␣ by EBER-ISH. This approach, therefore, represents a preselection strategy to identify active MS lesions, and increase the possibility of finding EBER⫹ cells. Positive controls included Hodgkin–, post-transplant–, and AID ...
Increased Risk of Breast Cancer Precludes the Use of
... Breast cancer is not a single disease. The etiology and pathogenesis is varied for each histologic type. Examination of the prevalence across the life cycle of women demonstrates an early increase in breast cancer (in women below 50 years of age) and a later and more sustained age-related increase. ...
... Breast cancer is not a single disease. The etiology and pathogenesis is varied for each histologic type. Examination of the prevalence across the life cycle of women demonstrates an early increase in breast cancer (in women below 50 years of age) and a later and more sustained age-related increase. ...
Immunotherapy and Prevention
... modification techniques, meaning that other microbes are programmed to produce the desired antigenic fraction, are called recombinant vaccines. For example, the vaccine against the hepatitis B virus consists of a portion of the viral protein coat that is produced by a genetically modified yeast. ...
... modification techniques, meaning that other microbes are programmed to produce the desired antigenic fraction, are called recombinant vaccines. For example, the vaccine against the hepatitis B virus consists of a portion of the viral protein coat that is produced by a genetically modified yeast. ...
Nerve activates contraction
... •The first pregnancy usually proceeds without problems •The immune system is sensitized after the first pregnancy •In a second pregnancy, the mother’s immune system produces antibodies to attack the Rh+ blood (hemolytic disease of the newborn) ...
... •The first pregnancy usually proceeds without problems •The immune system is sensitized after the first pregnancy •In a second pregnancy, the mother’s immune system produces antibodies to attack the Rh+ blood (hemolytic disease of the newborn) ...
Robertson et al. 2003 Seminal priming
... Historically, seminal plasma has been viewed primarily as a transport medium for spermatozoa traversing the female reproductive tract. Indeed, seminal plasma is often alleged to play a minor role in mammalian reproduction since viable pregnancies can be initiated using epididymal or washed ejaculate ...
... Historically, seminal plasma has been viewed primarily as a transport medium for spermatozoa traversing the female reproductive tract. Indeed, seminal plasma is often alleged to play a minor role in mammalian reproduction since viable pregnancies can be initiated using epididymal or washed ejaculate ...
chapter 4 antibody structure ii
... Thus we see that proteolytic cleavage can separate IgG into fragments with different functional properties. The F(ab) and F(ab')2 fragments are capable of binding antigen (they contain the antigen binding sites), but only the F(ab')2 can exhibit agglutination or precipitation; this is because these ...
... Thus we see that proteolytic cleavage can separate IgG into fragments with different functional properties. The F(ab) and F(ab')2 fragments are capable of binding antigen (they contain the antigen binding sites), but only the F(ab')2 can exhibit agglutination or precipitation; this is because these ...
Innate immunity and new adjuvants
... chemoattract the effector cells of the adaptive immune response (Fig. 1). However, over-stimulation can also result in septic pro-inflammatory responses such as secretion of tumour necrosis factor, which in severe cases can be detrimental to the animal. Pattern recognition receptors can be found in ...
... chemoattract the effector cells of the adaptive immune response (Fig. 1). However, over-stimulation can also result in septic pro-inflammatory responses such as secretion of tumour necrosis factor, which in severe cases can be detrimental to the animal. Pattern recognition receptors can be found in ...
Systemically dispersed innate IL-13–expressing cells in type 2
... critically on production of the canonical type 2-associated cytokines IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 (1, 2). Although adaptive Th2 cells and follicular T cells are important sources of these cytokines (3), various innate cells, including eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells, have also been implicated as pr ...
... critically on production of the canonical type 2-associated cytokines IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 (1, 2). Although adaptive Th2 cells and follicular T cells are important sources of these cytokines (3), various innate cells, including eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells, have also been implicated as pr ...
Opexa Therapeutics, Inc. NASDAQ: OPXA Precision Immunotherapy October 2014
... our current expectations and involve assumptions that may never materialize or may prove to be incorrect. Actual results and the timing of events could differ materially from those anticipated as a result of various risks and uncertainties which include, without limitation, risks associated with the ...
... our current expectations and involve assumptions that may never materialize or may prove to be incorrect. Actual results and the timing of events could differ materially from those anticipated as a result of various risks and uncertainties which include, without limitation, risks associated with the ...
Optimisation and parallelisation strategies for Monte Carlo simulation of HIV Infection
... responsible for phagocytosis of pathogens, dead cells and cellular debris, Cytotoxic T Cells and Helper T Cells, type of white blood cell or leukocyte which has on their surface antigen receptors that can bind to fragments of antigens, Plasma B cells secrete antibodies which effect the destruction ...
... responsible for phagocytosis of pathogens, dead cells and cellular debris, Cytotoxic T Cells and Helper T Cells, type of white blood cell or leukocyte which has on their surface antigen receptors that can bind to fragments of antigens, Plasma B cells secrete antibodies which effect the destruction ...
Distinct Pathways of Hepatitis C Virus Uptake and - HAL
... I molecules. However, it should be noted that our in vitro model, which uses freshly isolated ...
... I molecules. However, it should be noted that our in vitro model, which uses freshly isolated ...
No Slide Title
... –Genetic factors important –Distinguished from rejection –New therapies can be anticipated ...
... –Genetic factors important –Distinguished from rejection –New therapies can be anticipated ...
Chronic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
... A recent paper showed for the first time that differential binding of Borrelia antigens to pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune system can result in decreased CD38 expression and decreased migratory potential of dendritic cells. This would result in a less effective response to Borreli ...
... A recent paper showed for the first time that differential binding of Borrelia antigens to pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune system can result in decreased CD38 expression and decreased migratory potential of dendritic cells. This would result in a less effective response to Borreli ...
Blood and Circulation
... with blood transfusion is the gene for a particular marker on red blood cells • This gene has three major versions: A, B and O – Since everyone has two of each chromosome (one from each parent) everyone has two of these genes ...
... with blood transfusion is the gene for a particular marker on red blood cells • This gene has three major versions: A, B and O – Since everyone has two of each chromosome (one from each parent) everyone has two of these genes ...
Antiviral Immunity in Amphibians
... linked to extinction of amphibian species [5]. Viral infections by Ranaviruses (RV, family Iridoviridae) have also become prominent. Although until recently RVs were considered to cause only secondary and limited diseases and dies-off, their prevalence and host-range have recently increased. RVs hav ...
... linked to extinction of amphibian species [5]. Viral infections by Ranaviruses (RV, family Iridoviridae) have also become prominent. Although until recently RVs were considered to cause only secondary and limited diseases and dies-off, their prevalence and host-range have recently increased. RVs hav ...
Vaccinia-Expressed Human Papillomavirus 16 and 18 E6 and E7 as
... were excluded from consideration for vaccination if they were in close contact with children under the age of 5 or with individuals with known or suspected immune suppression or active eczema. Pregnant women or those at risk of pregnancy were also excluded from the trial. After screening investigati ...
... were excluded from consideration for vaccination if they were in close contact with children under the age of 5 or with individuals with known or suspected immune suppression or active eczema. Pregnant women or those at risk of pregnancy were also excluded from the trial. After screening investigati ...
M. tuberculosis
... (1) Inhalation of aerosols containing bacilli (2) Phagocytosis in lung by resident macrophages ...
... (1) Inhalation of aerosols containing bacilli (2) Phagocytosis in lung by resident macrophages ...
Cancer immunotherapy
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Peptide_bound_to_Rituximab_FAB.png?width=300)
Cancer immunotherapy (immuno-oncology) is the use of the immune system to treat cancer. Immunotherapies fall into three main groups: cellular, antibody and cytokine. They exploit the fact that cancer cells often have subtly different molecules on their surface that can be detected by the immune system. These molecules, known as cancer antigens, are most commonly proteins, but also include molecules such as carbohydrates. Immunotherapy is used to provoke the immune system into attacking the tumor cells by using these antigens as targets.Antibody therapies are the most successful immunotherapy, treating a wide range of cancers. Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system that bind to a target antigen on the cell surface. In normal physiology the immune system uses them to fight pathogens. Each antibody is specific to one or a few proteins. Those that bind to cancer antigens are used to treat cancer. Cell surface receptors are common targets for antibody therapies and include the CD20, CD274, and CD279. Once bound to a cancer antigen, antibodies can induce antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, activate the complement system, or prevent a receptor from interacting with its ligand, all of which can lead to cell death. Multiple antibodies are approved to treat cancer, including Alemtuzumab, Ipilimumab, Nivolumab, Ofatumumab, and Rituximab.Cellular therapies, also known as cancer vaccines, usually involve the removal of immune cells from the blood or from a tumor. Immune cells specific for the tumor are activated, cultured and returned to the patient where the immune cells attack the cancer. Cell types that can be used in this way are natural killer cells, lymphokine-activated killer cells, cytotoxic T cells and dendritic cells. The only cell-based therapy approved in the US is Dendreon's Provenge, for the treatment of prostate cancer.Interleukin-2 and interferon-α are examples of cytokines, proteins that regulate and coordinate the behaviour of the immune system. They have the ability to enhance anti-tumor activity and thus can be used as cancer treatments. Interferon-α is used in the treatment of hairy-cell leukaemia, AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, follicular lymphoma, chronic myeloid leukaemia and malignant melanoma. Interleukin-2 is used in the treatment of malignant melanoma and renal cell carcinoma.