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Paraxial Optics
... lengths as the distances between the principal plane and the focal point, both for the object and the image. One of the main parameters characterizing the optical system is the value of the image focal distance, the focal that is given by the distance from the image principal point and the image foc ...
... lengths as the distances between the principal plane and the focal point, both for the object and the image. One of the main parameters characterizing the optical system is the value of the image focal distance, the focal that is given by the distance from the image principal point and the image foc ...
Limits of lithography - Proceedings of the IEEE
... produce subwavelength features. In this way, the improvements in imaging resists have lowered the value for . It is interesting to note that while this is true for KrF lithography at 248 nm, it is not yet true for ArF exposures at 193 nm. That is, the resist materials are not yet developed to the po ...
... produce subwavelength features. In this way, the improvements in imaging resists have lowered the value for . It is interesting to note that while this is true for KrF lithography at 248 nm, it is not yet true for ArF exposures at 193 nm. That is, the resist materials are not yet developed to the po ...
Sample Question Paper for 9210-214 Telecommunication systems engineering
... Describe four reasons for the importance of attitude control of a satellite for its users. An earth station located at 80° 40’ 00” East longitude and 7° 25’ 00” North latitude, should uplink a digital video carrier to Intelsat APR-1 multimedia satellite parked in Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) at 8 ...
... Describe four reasons for the importance of attitude control of a satellite for its users. An earth station located at 80° 40’ 00” East longitude and 7° 25’ 00” North latitude, should uplink a digital video carrier to Intelsat APR-1 multimedia satellite parked in Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) at 8 ...
Reflectivity of Nonlinear Apodized Chirped Fiber Bragg Grating Under Water
... of the reflectivity with the wavelength of the signal traveling in the chirped FBG in the linear and nonlinear cases for the Sine profile. The variations of the reflectivity have been calculated under the effect of the temperature range 10 - 25 o C. The increase that occurs in the values of the refl ...
... of the reflectivity with the wavelength of the signal traveling in the chirped FBG in the linear and nonlinear cases for the Sine profile. The variations of the reflectivity have been calculated under the effect of the temperature range 10 - 25 o C. The increase that occurs in the values of the refl ...
Alberto Santoro: Digital Divide Executive Report Outline to the ICFA
... In an era of global collaborations, and data intensive Grids, advanced networks are required to interconnect physics groups seamlessly, enabling them to collaborate throughout the lifecycle of their work. For the major experiments, high performance networks are required to make possible Data Grids c ...
... In an era of global collaborations, and data intensive Grids, advanced networks are required to interconnect physics groups seamlessly, enabling them to collaborate throughout the lifecycle of their work. For the major experiments, high performance networks are required to make possible Data Grids c ...
VDSL Transmission up to 15 Mbps
... The SWM24VD-2TGTX is a 24 ports switch VDSL with 2 up-link 10/100/1000BaseT ports auto - sensing and 1 fiber GigaBit (GBIC) ports. Compatible splitters are included and provide extraction of analogue and ISDN-U digital phone line. The 24 ports VDSL concentrator delivers an automatic or set-up bandwi ...
... The SWM24VD-2TGTX is a 24 ports switch VDSL with 2 up-link 10/100/1000BaseT ports auto - sensing and 1 fiber GigaBit (GBIC) ports. Compatible splitters are included and provide extraction of analogue and ISDN-U digital phone line. The 24 ports VDSL concentrator delivers an automatic or set-up bandwi ...
INTERNET 2G - IST TEQUILA
... To deploy and operate a high performance network that provides nationwide high capacity interconnection facilities among laboratories at the IP level that supports experiments for new designs for networking. with actual traffic levels consistent with interconnexion capacity. ...
... To deploy and operate a high performance network that provides nationwide high capacity interconnection facilities among laboratories at the IP level that supports experiments for new designs for networking. with actual traffic levels consistent with interconnexion capacity. ...
High-Q Microresonators as Lasing Elements for Silicon Photonics
... precision and depth of their teachings on the subject. As part of the EPIC program, Axel Scherer provided us with essential materials and processing capabilities, and Eli Yablonovitch gave us unwavering encouragement and insightful advice on the complex nature of silicon surfaces. I also thank Joe S ...
... precision and depth of their teachings on the subject. As part of the EPIC program, Axel Scherer provided us with essential materials and processing capabilities, and Eli Yablonovitch gave us unwavering encouragement and insightful advice on the complex nature of silicon surfaces. I also thank Joe S ...
01_NF_Ch09
... The waiting period is intentionally designed to be random so that two stations do not delay for the same amount of time before retransmitting, which would result in more collisions. If media congestion results in the MAC layer unable to send the frame after 16 attempts, it gives up and generates an ...
... The waiting period is intentionally designed to be random so that two stations do not delay for the same amount of time before retransmitting, which would result in more collisions. If media congestion results in the MAC layer unable to send the frame after 16 attempts, it gives up and generates an ...
spects2005_slides_mson
... Given: an overlay network N’ = (V’, E’), a set of groups G with member distribution and bandwidth requirements, and a multicast routing algorithm ...
... Given: an overlay network N’ = (V’, E’), a set of groups G with member distribution and bandwidth requirements, and a multicast routing algorithm ...
Reference Guide to Fiber Optic Testing Ref er en
... Defining Fiber Link Characterization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 ...
... Defining Fiber Link Characterization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 ...
Fiber Optic Lab Manual
... To obtain best results in this activity, you may need to dim the room lights or cover the light guide with a dark cloth or box. This will minimize the chance of ambient light being captured by the phototransistor, and improve the accuracy of your measurements. ...
... To obtain best results in this activity, you may need to dim the room lights or cover the light guide with a dark cloth or box. This will minimize the chance of ambient light being captured by the phototransistor, and improve the accuracy of your measurements. ...
`Lissajous-like` trajectories in optical tweezers
... Rotne Praga approximation assumes that the particles are at least several diameters from one another. The time-step for the numerical integration must also be chosen appropriately. Here we use a time step of 0.1 ms, chosen as this is much smaller than the relaxation time of the optically trapped par ...
... Rotne Praga approximation assumes that the particles are at least several diameters from one another. The time-step for the numerical integration must also be chosen appropriately. Here we use a time step of 0.1 ms, chosen as this is much smaller than the relaxation time of the optically trapped par ...
Chapter 30 . Optical Testing
... numbers must be assigned to each point. The wavefront can then be characterized by direct analysis of the fringe centers. If desired, instead of global interpolation, a local interpolation procedure may be used. To analyze the fringes by a computer, they must first be digitized by locating the fring ...
... numbers must be assigned to each point. The wavefront can then be characterized by direct analysis of the fringe centers. If desired, instead of global interpolation, a local interpolation procedure may be used. To analyze the fringes by a computer, they must first be digitized by locating the fring ...
Invited Paper
... a modulated optical signal. Several high-speed electro-optical modulators 18),19) have been proposed that can change the refractive index or the absorption coefficient of an optical path when an electrical signal is injected. The two most popular modulators in literature are the Mach-Zehnder interfero ...
... a modulated optical signal. Several high-speed electro-optical modulators 18),19) have been proposed that can change the refractive index or the absorption coefficient of an optical path when an electrical signal is injected. The two most popular modulators in literature are the Mach-Zehnder interfero ...
OTDR DISTRIBUTED SENSING OF LIQUID HYDROCARBONS
... molecules along the active length of the fiber. Such a distributed chemical sensor, i.e., an optical fiber that is chemically sensitive over its entire length, will improve the performance of existing fiber-optic single-point sensors in many areas of application, because it can be spread over a larg ...
... molecules along the active length of the fiber. Such a distributed chemical sensor, i.e., an optical fiber that is chemically sensitive over its entire length, will improve the performance of existing fiber-optic single-point sensors in many areas of application, because it can be spread over a larg ...
Broadband Sharp 90-degree Bends and T
... while maintaining one of the following three parameters the same: a, b, and a − b (see the inset of Figure 4). The figure shows that the transmittance stays high as long as b is much smaller than the wavelength, whereas it decreases fast as b increases even if the other two parameters are at deepsubw ...
... while maintaining one of the following three parameters the same: a, b, and a − b (see the inset of Figure 4). The figure shows that the transmittance stays high as long as b is much smaller than the wavelength, whereas it decreases fast as b increases even if the other two parameters are at deepsubw ...
The Microscope in a Computer: Image Synthesis from Three
... in which η0 = (µ0 /ǫ0 )1/2 is the wave impedance of free space. Although alternative terminologies do exist, we will use the term light intensity or simply intensity for the radiated power per unit area. The light intensity is a direct measure of the signal collected by recording media that convert ...
... in which η0 = (µ0 /ǫ0 )1/2 is the wave impedance of free space. Although alternative terminologies do exist, we will use the term light intensity or simply intensity for the radiated power per unit area. The light intensity is a direct measure of the signal collected by recording media that convert ...
FIBER OPTICS
... An optical fiber is a cylindrical dielectric waveguide made of low-loss materials such as silica glass. It has a central core in which the light is guided, embedded in an outer cladding of slightly lower refractive index (Fig. 8.0-l). Light rays incident on the core-cladding boundary at angles grea ...
... An optical fiber is a cylindrical dielectric waveguide made of low-loss materials such as silica glass. It has a central core in which the light is guided, embedded in an outer cladding of slightly lower refractive index (Fig. 8.0-l). Light rays incident on the core-cladding boundary at angles grea ...
20000209-HoustonQoS-Fallis
... Evolving Differentiated Services What we really need is: • Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation • Per-flow state only at edge • Signalling for hard QoS • Low delay by design not negotiation • Aggregate in core • Not soft-state ...
... Evolving Differentiated Services What we really need is: • Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation • Per-flow state only at edge • Signalling for hard QoS • Low delay by design not negotiation • Aggregate in core • Not soft-state ...
IP Multicast Tutorial
... FEC = “A subset of packets that are all treated the same way by a router” The concept of FECs provides for a great deal of flexibility and scalability In conventional routing, a packet is assigned to a FEC at each hop (i.e. L3 look-up), in MPLS it is only done once at the network ingress ...
... FEC = “A subset of packets that are all treated the same way by a router” The concept of FECs provides for a great deal of flexibility and scalability In conventional routing, a packet is assigned to a FEC at each hop (i.e. L3 look-up), in MPLS it is only done once at the network ingress ...
Spun Fiber for Current Sensors
... is used, more coils can be achieved, giving a higher sensitivity. In a coil, the Faraday phase shift, , is proportional to: Where V is the Verdet Constant, N the number of coils and I the current flowing through the conductor. Published work uses various lengths of fiber, including 16m [3] and 19m [ ...
... is used, more coils can be achieved, giving a higher sensitivity. In a coil, the Faraday phase shift, , is proportional to: Where V is the Verdet Constant, N the number of coils and I the current flowing through the conductor. Published work uses various lengths of fiber, including 16m [3] and 19m [ ...
Architecting ARINC 664, Part 7 (AFDX) Solutions Summary
... AFDX combines concepts taken from asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) and applies them to a variant of IEEE Std 802.3 (Ethernet). At the physical layer, AFDX consists of a star-topology, fullduplexed switched Ethernet (either 100BASE-TX or 100BASE-FX). This topology eliminates the collision issue found ...
... AFDX combines concepts taken from asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) and applies them to a variant of IEEE Std 802.3 (Ethernet). At the physical layer, AFDX consists of a star-topology, fullduplexed switched Ethernet (either 100BASE-TX or 100BASE-FX). This topology eliminates the collision issue found ...
ppt
... • Time is divided into equal size slots (= pkt trans. time) • Node (w/ packet) transmits at beginning of next slot • If collision: retransmit pkt in future slots with probability ...
... • Time is divided into equal size slots (= pkt trans. time) • Node (w/ packet) transmits at beginning of next slot • If collision: retransmit pkt in future slots with probability ...
Passive optical network
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/PON_vs_AON.png?width=300)
A passive optical network (PON) is a telecommunications network that uses point-to-multipoint fiber to the end-points in which unpowered optical splitters are used to enable a single optical fiber to serve multiple end-points. A PON consists of an optical line terminal (OLT) at the service provider's central office and a number of optical network units (ONUs) or Optical Network Terminals (ONTs), near end users. A PON reduces the amount of fiber and central office equipment required compared with point-to-point architectures. A passive optical network is a form of fiber-optic access network.In most cases, downstream signals are broadcast to all premises sharing multiple fibers. Encryption can prevent eavesdropping.Upstream signals are combined using a multiple access protocol, usually time division multiple access (TDMA).