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The Biology of Hordeum vulgare L. (barley)
The Biology of Hordeum vulgare L. (barley)

... barley comes from more southern areas, such as South Australia and Victoria, due to climatic conditions (Sims 1990). Human Food Traditionally, barley was one of the dominant food grains, but has been surpassed by rice and wheat in many countries. Barley is still an important food grain in several re ...
download pdf
download pdf

... Such is the aim of this book which, beginning with an analysis of the characteristics of these plants, attempts to identify possible areas of research and development in order to facilitate, where possible, their reintroduction in regions to which they had become so well adapted over the centuries. ...
Sustainable horticultural crop production through intercropping: The
Sustainable horticultural crop production through intercropping: The

Domestication of Plants in the Americas: Insights
Domestication of Plants in the Americas: Insights

... Helianthus annuus (sunflower) were also domesticated for their oil-rich seeds. The first sign of domestication in all three is the appearance of large seeds or fruits, outside the range of modern wild forms (Smith, 2006). Cucurbita pepo and sunflower are still important crops, but marshelder had dis ...
The Role of Crop Diversity in Transitioning to a
The Role of Crop Diversity in Transitioning to a

... binding global agreement to combat climate change through both adaptation and mitigation, and promote the transition towards more resilient, low-carbon societies and economies. Agriculture and food security are major issues in this regard. Breeding better adapted and more efficient crops are key to ...
24. Special topic: Domestication
24. Special topic: Domestication

... • Now, hybridization, polyploidization, transgenics... Alternative perspective: the plants are using us! ...
1

History of agriculture

Agriculture involving domestication of plants was developed around 11,500 years ago separately in both the Fertile crescent and at Chogha Golan in modern day Iran, where wild barley, wheat, and lentils were cultivated and with domesticated forms of wheat appeared about 9,800 years ago. Agriculture has undergone significant developments since the time of the earliest cultivation. The Fertile Crescent of Western Asia, Egypt and India were sites of the earliest planned sowing and harvesting of plants that had previously been gathered in the wild. Independent development of agriculture occurred in northern and southern China, Africa's Sahel, New Guinea, parts of India and several regions of the Americas. Agricultural techniques such as irrigation, crop rotation, the application of fertilizers were developed soon after the Neolithic Revolution but have made significant strides in the past 200 years. The Haber-Bosch method for synthesizing ammonium nitrate represented a major breakthrough and allowed crop yields to overcome previous constraints.In the past century, agriculture in the developed nations, and to a lesser extent in the developing world, has been characterized by enhanced productivity, the replacement of human labor by synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, selective breeding, and mechanization. The recent history of agriculture has been closely tied with a range of political issues including water pollution, biofuels, genetically modified organisms, tariffs, and farm subsidies.
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