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All of the Above: New Coalitions in Sociocultural Linguistics
All of the Above: New Coalitions in Sociocultural Linguistics

... cover term for these and other disparate areas of research. Despite the early recognition of important differences in their theoretical and methodological commitments, such varied perspectives were often treated as complementary rather than competing, as attested by a number of edited volumes incorp ...
chapter two - UM Students` Repository
chapter two - UM Students` Repository

... Ferguson also states that the L variety is most often used for informal interactions such as with family and friends, and the more grammatically complex H variety is for formal use such as with speakers of other dialects or on public occasions. He goes on to say that the use of H for religious and l ...
Optimality Theory and Human Sentence Processing: The Case of Coordination
Optimality Theory and Human Sentence Processing: The Case of Coordination

... the VP must have non-canonical word order. In English and Dutch, VPs do not normally begin with an NP in a nonembedded clause. The canonical word order in main clauses in these languages is SVO. Because, in (5), the first constituent following the conjunction is an NP, if the coordinate structure is ...
Optimality Theory and Human Sentence Processing: The
Optimality Theory and Human Sentence Processing: The

... the VP must have non-canonical word order. In English and Dutch, VPs do not normally begin with an NP in a nonembedded clause. The canonical word order in main clauses in these languages is SVO. Because, in (5), the first constituent following the conjunction is an NP, if the coordinate structure is ...
“Code Switching” in Sociocultural Linguistics
“Code Switching” in Sociocultural Linguistics

... subject matter, should become aware of what their science may mean for the interpretation of human conduct in general. Whether they like it or not, they must become increasingly concerned with the many anthropological, sociological, and psychological problems which invade the field of language. [Sap ...
Assessment of the Social Functions and Vitality of the Yi Language
Assessment of the Social Functions and Vitality of the Yi Language

... 5) The work domain: public signboards of government organs and all stores and companies are in Chinese-Yi bilingual, as are all important documents. However, Yi is not a work language in these institutions, and even Yi-Chinese bilingualism is seldom practiced. The function of Yi (more exactly the Yi ...
Spring 2013
Spring 2013

June 2013. Volume 54. Issue 6. - Society for Linguistic Anthropology
June 2013. Volume 54. Issue 6. - Society for Linguistic Anthropology

... On April 8, 2013, National Public Radio (NPR) launched its new blog, Code Switch: Frontiers of Race, Culture and Ethnicity. In his inaugural post, “How CodeSwitching Explains the World,” Gene Derby (Lead Blogger) opens with a hypothetical scenario: So you’re at work one day and you’re talking to you ...
Chapter 4
Chapter 4

... Grammar/syntax provides the practices for combining words into intelligible utterances (usually “sentences”), expressing culturally-relevant and –relative aspects of experience (for instance, time, person, number, gender, case, etc.). ...
1

Code-switching

In linguistics, code-switching occurs when a speaker alternates between two or more languages, or language varieties, in the context of a single conversation. Multilinguals—speakers of more than one language—sometimes use elements of multiple languages when conversing with each other. Thus, code-switching is the use of more than one linguistic variety in a manner consistent with the syntax and phonology of each variety.Code-switching is distinct from other language contact phenomena, such as borrowing, pidgins and creoles, loan translation (calques), and language transfer (language interference). Borrowing affects the lexicon, the words that make up a language, while code-switching takes place in individual utterances. Speakers form and establish a pidgin language when two or more speakers who do not speak a common language form an intermediate, third language. On the other hand, speakers practice code-switching when they are each fluent in both languages. Code mixing is a thematically related term, but the usage of the terms code-switching and code-mixing varies. Some scholars use either term to denote the same practice, while others apply code-mixing to denote the formal linguistic properties of language-contact phenomena, and code-switching to denote the actual, spoken usages by multilingual persons.In the 1940s and 1950s, many scholars considered code-switching to be a sub-standard use of language. Since the 1980s, however, most scholars have come to regard it as a normal, natural product of bilingual and multilingual language use.The term ""code-switching"" is also used outside the field of linguistics. Some scholars of literature use the term to describe literary styles which include elements from more than one language, as in novels by Chinese-American, Anglo-Indian, or Latino writers. In popular usage, code-switching is sometimes used to refer to relatively stable informal mixtures of two languages, such as Spanglish, Franponais or Portuñol. Both in popular usage and in sociolinguistic study, the name code-switching is sometimes used to refer to switching among dialects, styles or registers, as practiced by speakers of African American Vernacular English as they move from less formal to more formal settings.
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