Cleopatra
... o Seek refuge among the Arab tribes east of Egypt’s border Cleopatra was able to raise an army of mercenaries and led them against Ptolemy’s troops at Mount Cassius, although Pompey’s unexpected arrival occurred before the confrontation Meeting Caesar Cleopatra takes advantage of Caesar’s arriva ...
... o Seek refuge among the Arab tribes east of Egypt’s border Cleopatra was able to raise an army of mercenaries and led them against Ptolemy’s troops at Mount Cassius, although Pompey’s unexpected arrival occurred before the confrontation Meeting Caesar Cleopatra takes advantage of Caesar’s arriva ...
Ibid. - meguca.org
... line’. This was, in every sense, what the Rubicon would prove to be. By crossing it, Caesar did indeed engulf the world in war, but he also helped to bring about the ruin of Rome’s ancient freedoms, and the establishment, upon their wreckage, of a monarchy – events of primal significance for the his ...
... line’. This was, in every sense, what the Rubicon would prove to be. By crossing it, Caesar did indeed engulf the world in war, but he also helped to bring about the ruin of Rome’s ancient freedoms, and the establishment, upon their wreckage, of a monarchy – events of primal significance for the his ...
VIRTUE AND VICE IN SHAKESPEARE`S ROME
... importance of Rome is an ideal that is greater than any one of its citizens and greater than the physical city itself. It would therefore be foolish to sacrifice the ideal for the preservation of the city. Martius’ love of courage prevents him from thinking the patricians and plebeians are inherentl ...
... importance of Rome is an ideal that is greater than any one of its citizens and greater than the physical city itself. It would therefore be foolish to sacrifice the ideal for the preservation of the city. Martius’ love of courage prevents him from thinking the patricians and plebeians are inherentl ...
Pro Roscio Amerino INTRODUCTION
... rights to the Italians. When their latest champion, M. Livius Drusus, was murdered in 91, a coalition of Italians began what we call the Social War, to fight not for a share in Rome but for complete independence. After two years of fighting, the Romans reestablished control over the peninsula and th ...
... rights to the Italians. When their latest champion, M. Livius Drusus, was murdered in 91, a coalition of Italians began what we call the Social War, to fight not for a share in Rome but for complete independence. After two years of fighting, the Romans reestablished control over the peninsula and th ...
Ancient Rome
... Mediterranean became less important. The construction of the Suez Canal, connecting the Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean, revived some of the commerce between Asia and the Mediterranean countries. The Aegean and the Adriatic Seas are arms of the Mediterranean. The Aegean separates modern-day Greec ...
... Mediterranean became less important. The construction of the Suez Canal, connecting the Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean, revived some of the commerce between Asia and the Mediterranean countries. The Aegean and the Adriatic Seas are arms of the Mediterranean. The Aegean separates modern-day Greec ...
An Economic History of Rome
... entered Italy somewhat later and settled in the less desirable Apennine region, all the way from Bologna to Lucania. These were later known as the Sabellic tribes. Their language and religion prove that they were probably cousins of the cremating group who had parted company from them not long befor ...
... entered Italy somewhat later and settled in the less desirable Apennine region, all the way from Bologna to Lucania. These were later known as the Sabellic tribes. Their language and religion prove that they were probably cousins of the cremating group who had parted company from them not long befor ...
Sulla`s Tabularium - UWSpace
... to have been responsible for the first set of defensive walls enclosing the city, the so-called Servian Walls.17 The Cloaca, the defensive wall, and the first contiguous paving of the Forum were all associated with the Etruscan kings; they are all civic projects reflecting the emerging consciousness ...
... to have been responsible for the first set of defensive walls enclosing the city, the so-called Servian Walls.17 The Cloaca, the defensive wall, and the first contiguous paving of the Forum were all associated with the Etruscan kings; they are all civic projects reflecting the emerging consciousness ...
popular political participation in the late roman
... candidates for office competed for the vote in popular assemblies and, once elected, gained decision-making powers. But it is not a snug fit, for the popular power to legislate reduced magistrates’ power as only the people could enact laws. In Rome, elected magistrates introduced bills, but did not ...
... candidates for office competed for the vote in popular assemblies and, once elected, gained decision-making powers. But it is not a snug fit, for the popular power to legislate reduced magistrates’ power as only the people could enact laws. In Rome, elected magistrates introduced bills, but did not ...
May 2013 - CSUN ScholarWorks - California State University
... Although A. E. Astin would hint at the tradition of violence in the Early Roman Republic in his 1967 monograph on Scipio Aemilianus by mentioning that Tiberius Gracchus’ assassin may well have thought of Servilius Ahala’s example,5 it was not until 1970 that Lintott wrote a controversial article ti ...
... Although A. E. Astin would hint at the tradition of violence in the Early Roman Republic in his 1967 monograph on Scipio Aemilianus by mentioning that Tiberius Gracchus’ assassin may well have thought of Servilius Ahala’s example,5 it was not until 1970 that Lintott wrote a controversial article ti ...
The Senatus Consultum Ultimum and its Relation to
... The third clear declaration of the SCU is against Caesar in 49, shortly prior to his famed crossing of the Rubicon. The chain of events leading to Caesar crossing the Rubicon are not only welldocumented, but also well-known. Regrettably, the most comprehensive extant source for this time period is C ...
... The third clear declaration of the SCU is against Caesar in 49, shortly prior to his famed crossing of the Rubicon. The chain of events leading to Caesar crossing the Rubicon are not only welldocumented, but also well-known. Regrettably, the most comprehensive extant source for this time period is C ...
P. VENTIDIUS-FROM NOVUS HOMO TO `MILITARY HERO`
... himself as triumphator half a century later. His life, as recorded fragmentarily by ancient authors, is reduced almost to a series of strokes of luck (Juv. Sat. 7.199 ff),2 with transitory links altogether wanting. How did a mere buyer or driver of mules, knowing little of war, ever catch Caesar's e ...
... himself as triumphator half a century later. His life, as recorded fragmentarily by ancient authors, is reduced almost to a series of strokes of luck (Juv. Sat. 7.199 ff),2 with transitory links altogether wanting. How did a mere buyer or driver of mules, knowing little of war, ever catch Caesar's e ...
Marius` Mules - Western Oregon University
... According to Sallust, the Roman historian who left the most complete record of the war, Jugurtha was the grandson of Massinissa, who had been a great ally of Rome. He was excluded from the throne because of his illegitimate status, nevertheless, he was cherished in his uncle Micipsa's court and was ...
... According to Sallust, the Roman historian who left the most complete record of the war, Jugurtha was the grandson of Massinissa, who had been a great ally of Rome. He was excluded from the throne because of his illegitimate status, nevertheless, he was cherished in his uncle Micipsa's court and was ...
Ancient Rome - Core Knowledge® Foundation
... Explain to students that although there were not any political boundaries at the time of the Roman Empire, it is helpful for us when we study the Roman Empire to put some boundaries in where present day countries are, so we can see where things were really taking place. Have students put their copy ...
... Explain to students that although there were not any political boundaries at the time of the Roman Empire, it is helpful for us when we study the Roman Empire to put some boundaries in where present day countries are, so we can see where things were really taking place. Have students put their copy ...
Pfingsten-11
... Yet Cicero was not just a great thinker, he was also a great speaker. Cicero's life is an example of that age-old adage, 'the pen is mightier than the sword.' With his pen, Cicero destroyed his enemies, and did all he could to protect the Republic from the series of ambitious generals who sought to ...
... Yet Cicero was not just a great thinker, he was also a great speaker. Cicero's life is an example of that age-old adage, 'the pen is mightier than the sword.' With his pen, Cicero destroyed his enemies, and did all he could to protect the Republic from the series of ambitious generals who sought to ...
Financing War in the Roman Republic 201 BCE
... factor that could boost state income was war reparations paid by defeated states over several years. Moreover, not all the money recorded in the sources went into the aerarium. For example, it is not entirely clear what proportion of plunder was reserved for the treasury and what was distributed to ...
... factor that could boost state income was war reparations paid by defeated states over several years. Moreover, not all the money recorded in the sources went into the aerarium. For example, it is not entirely clear what proportion of plunder was reserved for the treasury and what was distributed to ...
Forerunners of the Gracchi
... such as men had previously brought back from Greek lands, but the centurions, who were not to have their old ranks in the new war, appealed to the tribunes. Two of the tribunes, men of noble families, both destined to rise to the consulship,15 held that the question should be settled by the consuls, ...
... such as men had previously brought back from Greek lands, but the centurions, who were not to have their old ranks in the new war, appealed to the tribunes. Two of the tribunes, men of noble families, both destined to rise to the consulship,15 held that the question should be settled by the consuls, ...
Hannibal Barca pat
... against Flaminius at the Battle of Lake Trasimene Effective use of His Cavalry. Often attacking exposed flanks, used at the battle of Cannae ...
... against Flaminius at the Battle of Lake Trasimene Effective use of His Cavalry. Often attacking exposed flanks, used at the battle of Cannae ...
Introduction 1 I. Introduction: The Problem of Civil Strife It is easy to
... senator have the imperium for too long, until a new king emerged. This self-policing was meant to enforce the importance of collective good and to prevent one man from having too much power. This constitutes the essential governing philosophy of the Roman Republic. Writing during a time of upheaval ...
... senator have the imperium for too long, until a new king emerged. This self-policing was meant to enforce the importance of collective good and to prevent one man from having too much power. This constitutes the essential governing philosophy of the Roman Republic. Writing during a time of upheaval ...
CICERO AND THE TRIAL OF VERRES1 Toe legal
... officers may have been variously employees of the principals in Rome or sub-contractors. The provincial publicani might further sub-contract to publicani at the local level. A company that secured such a contract had to have sufficient capital to underwrite the business, as it would have to produce ...
... officers may have been variously employees of the principals in Rome or sub-contractors. The provincial publicani might further sub-contract to publicani at the local level. A company that secured such a contract had to have sufficient capital to underwrite the business, as it would have to produce ...
Comparing Strategies of the 2d Punic War
... Greek city-states that the Macedonians believed rightfully belonged in the Macedonian sphere on influence. Greece itself remained a collection of city-states loosely banded into the contending Aetolian and Achaean Leagues. Historically both the Romans and Carthaginians had fought wars with the Greek ...
... Greek city-states that the Macedonians believed rightfully belonged in the Macedonian sphere on influence. Greece itself remained a collection of city-states loosely banded into the contending Aetolian and Achaean Leagues. Historically both the Romans and Carthaginians had fought wars with the Greek ...
Marcus Tullius Cicero
... political position in the region. While both followed the footsteps of Marius to become novus homo (new men) in the Roman Senate, they did so in completely different fashions. Pompey, of course, chose the military route, paying little regard to the traditional steps of the political ladder (cursus h ...
... political position in the region. While both followed the footsteps of Marius to become novus homo (new men) in the Roman Senate, they did so in completely different fashions. Pompey, of course, chose the military route, paying little regard to the traditional steps of the political ladder (cursus h ...
File - xaviantvision
... establishment of the Roman navy. The Pyrrhic War (280–275 BC) brought Rome control over central Italy from coast to coast. Next came the Punic Wars, fought against Carthage in the period termed the Middle Republic (264–133 BC), which brought Sicily and some small islands under Rome’s control through ...
... establishment of the Roman navy. The Pyrrhic War (280–275 BC) brought Rome control over central Italy from coast to coast. Next came the Punic Wars, fought against Carthage in the period termed the Middle Republic (264–133 BC), which brought Sicily and some small islands under Rome’s control through ...
Not by a Nose: The Triumph of Antony and Cleopatra at Actium, 31 BC
... at Macedonian Philippi, Octavian and Antony, at that time still allies, had eliminated the threat posed by Julius Caesar's assassins, the "Liberators," Brutus and Cassius. But Actium was the finale. At Actilll11, Octavian defeated his la~t ~erious rival and so could finally pl'l1ceed with his master ...
... at Macedonian Philippi, Octavian and Antony, at that time still allies, had eliminated the threat posed by Julius Caesar's assassins, the "Liberators," Brutus and Cassius. But Actium was the finale. At Actilll11, Octavian defeated his la~t ~erious rival and so could finally pl'l1ceed with his master ...
The Republic - La Trobe University
... – He is concerned with showing how Epicurean doctrine will help Romans cure their social and poli>cal problems ...
... – He is concerned with showing how Epicurean doctrine will help Romans cure their social and poli>cal problems ...
Names of Historians for Different Periods of Ancient Rome
... account. The annales maximi were a register of annual events kept by the pontifex maximus, who was the head of the Roman board of priests called pontifices (sing., pontifex). These accounts are not preserved for us, though ancient references give us some notion about them. Every year the pontifex ma ...
... account. The annales maximi were a register of annual events kept by the pontifex maximus, who was the head of the Roman board of priests called pontifices (sing., pontifex). These accounts are not preserved for us, though ancient references give us some notion about them. Every year the pontifex ma ...
Roman Republic
The Roman Republic (Latin: Res publica Romana; Classical Latin: [ˈreːs ˈpuːb.lɪ.ka roːˈmaː.na]) was the period of ancient Roman civilization beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom, traditionally dated to 509 BC, and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire. It was during this period that Rome's control expanded from the city's immediate surroundings to hegemony over the entire Mediterranean world. During the first two centuries of its existence the Roman Republic expanded through a combination of conquest and alliance, from central Italy to the entire Italian peninsula. By the following century it included North Africa, Spain, and what is now southern France. Two centuries after that, towards the end of the 1st century BC, it included the rest of modern France, Greece, and much of the eastern Mediterranean. By this time, internal tensions led to a series of civil wars, culminating with the assassination of Julius Caesar, which led to the transition from republic to empire. The exact date of transition can be a matter of interpretation. Historians have variously proposed Julius Caesar's crossing of the Rubicon River in 49 BC, Caesar's appointment as dictator for life in 44 BC, and the defeat of Mark Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC. However, most use the same date as did the ancient Romans themselves, the Roman Senate's grant of extraordinary powers to Octavian and his adopting the title Augustus in 27 BC, as the defining event ending the Republic..Roman government was headed by two consuls, elected annually by the citizens and advised by a senate composed of appointed magistrates. As Roman society was very hierarchical by modern standards, the evolution of the Roman government was heavily influenced by the struggle between the patricians, Rome's land-holding aristocracy, who traced their ancestry to the founding of Rome, and the plebeians, the far more numerous citizen-commoners. Over time, the laws that gave patricians exclusive rights to Rome's highest offices were repealed or weakened, and leading plebeian families became full members of the aristocracy. The leaders of the Republic developed a strong tradition and morality requiring public service and patronage in peace and war, making military and political success inextricably linked. Many of Rome's legal and legislative structures (later codified into the Justinian Code, and again into the Napoleonic Code) can still be observed throughout Europe and much of the world in modern nation states and international organizations.