Ling 390 - Intro to Linguistics
... How do we incorporate the second sentence: she will take the test? This second sentence (called a complement clause or CP) is serving as the complement of the V wonder Like all other syntactic structures, CPs consist of: CP C ' and C ' C IP Words such as that, whether and if are known as complem ...
... How do we incorporate the second sentence: she will take the test? This second sentence (called a complement clause or CP) is serving as the complement of the V wonder Like all other syntactic structures, CPs consist of: CP C ' and C ' C IP Words such as that, whether and if are known as complem ...
Inshallah: Extensive Flouting of Grice`s Maxim of Quality
... eight micro functions. The macro functions they present are: being a Muslim, dealing with emotions, and showing indirectness. At the end of their study, they compare the linguistic functions of inshallah as used among Persians with the functions of the expression as used among the Arabs, reported by ...
... eight micro functions. The macro functions they present are: being a Muslim, dealing with emotions, and showing indirectness. At the end of their study, they compare the linguistic functions of inshallah as used among Persians with the functions of the expression as used among the Arabs, reported by ...
Compositionality Part 1: Basic ideas and definitions
... Another ingredient in a precise idea of compositionality is the notion of a function; the assignment of values (‘meanings’) to linguistic items. Frege used a mathematical notion of function when talking about concepts and language. Concepts for Frege are functions from objects to truth values. And w ...
... Another ingredient in a precise idea of compositionality is the notion of a function; the assignment of values (‘meanings’) to linguistic items. Frege used a mathematical notion of function when talking about concepts and language. Concepts for Frege are functions from objects to truth values. And w ...
Querying Large Collections of Semistructured Data
... presentational markup. Examples include data objects such as mathematical expressions encoded with MathML or web pages encoded with XHTML. Our intention is to improve the state of the art in retrieving, manipulating, or mining such data. We focus first on mathematics retrieval, which is appealing in ...
... presentational markup. Examples include data objects such as mathematical expressions encoded with MathML or web pages encoded with XHTML. Our intention is to improve the state of the art in retrieving, manipulating, or mining such data. We focus first on mathematics retrieval, which is appealing in ...
Syntax 1
... Syntax 12 • A transduction is a set of sentence translation pairs or bisentences—just as a language is a set of sentences. The set defines a relation between the input and output languages. • In the generative view, a transduction grammar generates a transduction, i.e., a set of bisentences—just as ...
... Syntax 12 • A transduction is a set of sentence translation pairs or bisentences—just as a language is a set of sentences. The set defines a relation between the input and output languages. • In the generative view, a transduction grammar generates a transduction, i.e., a set of bisentences—just as ...
Regular expressions
... Because matching is a very common problem, over the years computer scientists have identified a set of patterns that 1. Are very common 2. Can be searched for efficiently ...
... Because matching is a very common problem, over the years computer scientists have identified a set of patterns that 1. Are very common 2. Can be searched for efficiently ...
University of Groningen Data-driven identification of fixed
... a more common concept in the literature (Fernando and Flavell, 1981; Nunberg et al., 1994). A non-transparent meaning is the manifestation of opacity. Thus, the more opaque the meaning of a fixed expression is, the more unpredictable it is. Fernando and Flavell (1981) compared the semantic unpredict ...
... a more common concept in the literature (Fernando and Flavell, 1981; Nunberg et al., 1994). A non-transparent meaning is the manifestation of opacity. Thus, the more opaque the meaning of a fixed expression is, the more unpredictable it is. Fernando and Flavell (1981) compared the semantic unpredict ...
Recursive Functions of Symbolic Expressions and Their Application
... Transform M-expressions to S-expressions There is a transformation mechanism that translate an M-expression E into S-expression E ∗ if E is an S-expression, E ∗ is (QUOTE E ). M-expression f [e1 ; . . . ; en ] is translated to (f ∗ e∗1 . . . e∗n ). Thus, {cons[A; B]}∗ is (CONS (QUOTE A) (QUOTE B)) ...
... Transform M-expressions to S-expressions There is a transformation mechanism that translate an M-expression E into S-expression E ∗ if E is an S-expression, E ∗ is (QUOTE E ). M-expression f [e1 ; . . . ; en ] is translated to (f ∗ e∗1 . . . e∗n ). Thus, {cons[A; B]}∗ is (CONS (QUOTE A) (QUOTE B)) ...
(NL) Character Strings
... A deductively normal pattern (D) on C induced by conceptually normal SSRAs on (1) and (4), and a conceptually non-normal SSRA on (3). Pattern (D) would be induced by an SSRA on C which included conceptually normal representations SYN-(1) and SYN-(4) of (1) and (4), and the following conceptually non ...
... A deductively normal pattern (D) on C induced by conceptually normal SSRAs on (1) and (4), and a conceptually non-normal SSRA on (3). Pattern (D) would be induced by an SSRA on C which included conceptually normal representations SYN-(1) and SYN-(4) of (1) and (4), and the following conceptually non ...
Pattern matching in concatenative programming languages
... macro libraries in languages like Common Lisp. Certain programming languages, termed concatenative programming languages, express a program in terms of the composition of several smaller programs, typically without the use of named variables. Instead, a stack is used to pass data around [7]. This pa ...
... macro libraries in languages like Common Lisp. Certain programming languages, termed concatenative programming languages, express a program in terms of the composition of several smaller programs, typically without the use of named variables. Instead, a stack is used to pass data around [7]. This pa ...
Table of contents
... is known to have no side-effects, may be efficiently computed without multiple calls. A function in this sense has zero or more parameters and a single return value. The parameters—or arguments, as they are sometimes called—are the inputs to the function, and the return value is the function's outpu ...
... is known to have no side-effects, may be efficiently computed without multiple calls. A function in this sense has zero or more parameters and a single return value. The parameters—or arguments, as they are sometimes called—are the inputs to the function, and the return value is the function's outpu ...
9.2 Multiplying and Dividing Rational Expressions
... and follow the steps for multiplying rational numbers. So, when dividing rational expressions, multiply by the reciprocal of the divisor and follow the steps for multiplying rational expressions. ...
... and follow the steps for multiplying rational numbers. So, when dividing rational expressions, multiply by the reciprocal of the divisor and follow the steps for multiplying rational expressions. ...
Abstract Math: The symbolic language of math
... x 3 - 8x 2 - 31x - 22 Ј 12 is neither true nor false. On the other hand, “ 3 x 2 - 2x - 5 Ј - 6 ” is definitely false. Non-algebraic expressions Symbolic expressions don’t have to have algebraic form and they do not have to name numbers. For example, texts on group theory use the expression Symn or ...
... x 3 - 8x 2 - 31x - 22 Ј 12 is neither true nor false. On the other hand, “ 3 x 2 - 2x - 5 Ј - 6 ” is definitely false. Non-algebraic expressions Symbolic expressions don’t have to have algebraic form and they do not have to name numbers. For example, texts on group theory use the expression Symn or ...
A metrizable completely regular ordered space
... We recall that a topological ordered space X is said to be completely regular ordered if there exists a quasi-uniformity U on X that determines X (i.e. T (U ∗ ) is the topology of X and ∩U is the partial order of X). Here U ∗ denotes the coarsest uniformity finer than U on X. Clearly each completely ...
... We recall that a topological ordered space X is said to be completely regular ordered if there exists a quasi-uniformity U on X that determines X (i.e. T (U ∗ ) is the topology of X and ∩U is the partial order of X). Here U ∗ denotes the coarsest uniformity finer than U on X. Clearly each completely ...
Exploring Cultural Identity through Proverbs and Idioms in English
... differs from the English and Spanish in that even though rising early is a part of the saying, the idea of power, possession and the future are promoted instead of an immediate compensation like a worm or some food. Ironically, in this case, the French culture, which is known for its cuisine, does n ...
... differs from the English and Spanish in that even though rising early is a part of the saying, the idea of power, possession and the future are promoted instead of an immediate compensation like a worm or some food. Ironically, in this case, the French culture, which is known for its cuisine, does n ...
lexc
... The upper:lower entries are the simplest way to specify portions of the network where the upper-side and lower-side differ. They are ...
... The upper:lower entries are the simplest way to specify portions of the network where the upper-side and lower-side differ. They are ...
Software review The Bioà toolkits – a brief overview
... Java uses its native Swing libraries; Python uses a variety of multiplatform widgets sets including Tk9 (bundled with Python), wxWindows10 and Qt.11 While Perl can be used to create GUIs (most easily with Tk), it is a failing that is not nearly as well supported as it is in Java or Python. Perl does ...
... Java uses its native Swing libraries; Python uses a variety of multiplatform widgets sets including Tk9 (bundled with Python), wxWindows10 and Qt.11 While Perl can be used to create GUIs (most easily with Tk), it is a failing that is not nearly as well supported as it is in Java or Python. Perl does ...
Syntax – Intro and Overview
... – E.g. in English, a sentence cannot begin with a period – Must be formal and exact or there will be ambiguity in a programming language ...
... – E.g. in English, a sentence cannot begin with a period – Must be formal and exact or there will be ambiguity in a programming language ...
Lec-1-perl
... familiar with, you should be comfortable programming in Java, PHP, and/or .NET (any, but not necessarily all, are desirable). Excellent working knowledge of HTML is a must. It would also be helpful to have some experience with JavaScript, HTTP, and regular expressions. Familiarity with other web-rel ...
... familiar with, you should be comfortable programming in Java, PHP, and/or .NET (any, but not necessarily all, are desirable). Excellent working knowledge of HTML is a must. It would also be helpful to have some experience with JavaScript, HTTP, and regular expressions. Familiarity with other web-rel ...
Python Beginning Numbers Lesson-Review
... 2. Just like in C, C++, and Java, a Python comment begins with two slash characters (//) and continues to the end of the line, True or False? 3. The only prompt used by the Python interactive system is the one consisting of three right-angle brackets (>>>), True or False? 4. The output produced by t ...
... 2. Just like in C, C++, and Java, a Python comment begins with two slash characters (//) and continues to the end of the line, True or False? 3. The only prompt used by the Python interactive system is the one consisting of three right-angle brackets (>>>), True or False? 4. The output produced by t ...
Advanced automatic MT post-editing
... have more than one meaning and as a consequence, need disambiguation. Fortunately, many recurring ambiguity patterns in source segments will often be mistranslated in the same or similar way by a rule-based MT system. However, in order to automatically post-edit these mistranslations using regular e ...
... have more than one meaning and as a consequence, need disambiguation. Fortunately, many recurring ambiguity patterns in source segments will often be mistranslated in the same or similar way by a rule-based MT system. However, in order to automatically post-edit these mistranslations using regular e ...
Writing Expressions
... Solve the equation. Underline key words. Why did you solve the problem the way you did? ...
... Solve the equation. Underline key words. Why did you solve the problem the way you did? ...
What toolbox is necessary for building exercise environments for
... But we need also environments where the student could construct himself step-by-step solutions, exercise the technical skills. ...
... But we need also environments where the student could construct himself step-by-step solutions, exercise the technical skills. ...
Students as “Grammarians”: Discovering Effective Sentence Patterns
... There are a few ways to write sentences which express cause and ______________ . In order to write them effectively, certain expressions can be used. For example, to signal a cause, we may use the phrase “_________________” and to introduce an effect, we can begin a sentence with “__________________ ...
... There are a few ways to write sentences which express cause and ______________ . In order to write them effectively, certain expressions can be used. For example, to signal a cause, we may use the phrase “_________________” and to introduce an effect, we can begin a sentence with “__________________ ...
Regular expression
In theoretical computer science and formal language theory, a regular expression (abbreviated regex or regexp and sometimes called a rational expression) is a sequence of characters that define a search pattern, mainly for use in pattern matching with strings, or string matching, i.e. ""find and replace""-like operations. The concept arose in the 1950s, when the American mathematician Stephen Kleene formalized the description of a regular language, and came into common use with the Unix text processing utilities ed, an editor, and grep (global regular expression print), a filter.Regular expressions are so useful in computing that the various systems to specify regular expressions have evolved to provide both a basic and extended standard for the grammar and syntax; modern regular expressions heavily augment the standard. Regular expression processors are found in several search engines, search and replace dialogs of several word processors and text editors, and in the command lines of text processing utilities, such as sed and AWK.Many programming languages provide regular expression capabilities, some built-in, for example Perl, JavaScript, Ruby, AWK, and Tcl, and others via a standard library, for example .NET languages, Java, Python and C++ (since C++11).Most other languages offer regular expressions via a library.