Niccolò Machiavelli on Power
... evil purposes the power which he had used only for good ends” (Discourses, p.121). However, it took still several generations and the courage of a Brutus (Lucius Junius) to expel a king before the Roman republic finally prevailed. But Machiavelli suggests that Romulus had already created the institu ...
... evil purposes the power which he had used only for good ends” (Discourses, p.121). However, it took still several generations and the courage of a Brutus (Lucius Junius) to expel a king before the Roman republic finally prevailed. But Machiavelli suggests that Romulus had already created the institu ...
The Professionalization of the Roman Army in the Second Century BC
... During this period, an individual could ...
... During this period, an individual could ...
Law and Finance “at the Origin” Ulrike Malmendier*
... century BC) is limited to the famous Twelve Tables from 450 BC. The Twelve Tables are generally perceived to be the foundation of Roman law. As far as we can judge from the surviving text fragments,5 the Twelve Tables were not an exhaustive codification of all legal rules. Rather, they defined vario ...
... century BC) is limited to the famous Twelve Tables from 450 BC. The Twelve Tables are generally perceived to be the foundation of Roman law. As far as we can judge from the surviving text fragments,5 the Twelve Tables were not an exhaustive codification of all legal rules. Rather, they defined vario ...
Law and Finance “at the Origin” Ulrike Malmendier*
... correlated with financial and economic development. We also show that ‘the law as practiced’ reflects prevalent political interests. In addition, the historical evolution of the Roman societas publicanorum allows us to better understand the political and economic preconditions for the development of ...
... correlated with financial and economic development. We also show that ‘the law as practiced’ reflects prevalent political interests. In addition, the historical evolution of the Roman societas publicanorum allows us to better understand the political and economic preconditions for the development of ...
Printable version
... in one day, what they, themselves had with the utmost difficulty accomplished in twenty namely, the crossing of the river, send embassadors to him; at the head of which embassy was Divico, who had been commander of the Helvetii, in the war against Cassius. He thus treats with Caesar: - that, "if the ...
... in one day, what they, themselves had with the utmost difficulty accomplished in twenty namely, the crossing of the river, send embassadors to him; at the head of which embassy was Divico, who had been commander of the Helvetii, in the war against Cassius. He thus treats with Caesar: - that, "if the ...
VIRTUE AND VICE IN SHAKESPEARE`S ROME
... to exercise political power. They are preparing to revolt because they believe the Senate is denying them food. They are especially angry with Caius Martius2 because he thinks he is better than them. Although they are not demanding equality, these citizens cannot tolerate Martius because they think ...
... to exercise political power. They are preparing to revolt because they believe the Senate is denying them food. They are especially angry with Caius Martius2 because he thinks he is better than them. Although they are not demanding equality, these citizens cannot tolerate Martius because they think ...
The Second Punic War June 2013
... • after Trasimene: despite his clear achievements in early years of war did his confrontational nature (no grey areas) affect his judgement leading to splits in Roman leadership and so causing early defeats? Could a more inclusive approach by Fabius have tempered the extreme actions of Minucius & Va ...
... • after Trasimene: despite his clear achievements in early years of war did his confrontational nature (no grey areas) affect his judgement leading to splits in Roman leadership and so causing early defeats? Could a more inclusive approach by Fabius have tempered the extreme actions of Minucius & Va ...
A General`s Self-Depiction: The Political
... After the Bona Dea scandal and subsequent divorce of his second wife, Pompeia, at the end of 62, Caesar in early January of 61 hastily took a governorship in Hispania Ulterior, a province in southern Spain. However, creditors, whom Caesar paid with a loan from Crassus, hindered his appointment. In S ...
... After the Bona Dea scandal and subsequent divorce of his second wife, Pompeia, at the end of 62, Caesar in early January of 61 hastily took a governorship in Hispania Ulterior, a province in southern Spain. However, creditors, whom Caesar paid with a loan from Crassus, hindered his appointment. In S ...
Book I Outline
... magistrate of the Aedui, Caesar thought he had enough cause to punish him or to order his state to do so. 8-12. One factor stood in the way: Caesar had known well the enthusiasm of Dumnorix’s brother Diviciacus towards the Romans, his good will towards Caesar himself, and his other noble characteris ...
... magistrate of the Aedui, Caesar thought he had enough cause to punish him or to order his state to do so. 8-12. One factor stood in the way: Caesar had known well the enthusiasm of Dumnorix’s brother Diviciacus towards the Romans, his good will towards Caesar himself, and his other noble characteris ...
Ancient Rome
... elsewhere in Asia. In the 1300s CE with the rise of the Ottoman Turks and in the late 1400s CE with the opening of the sea route around Africa to Asia, the Mediterranean became less important. The construction of the Suez Canal, connecting the Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean, revived some of the ...
... elsewhere in Asia. In the 1300s CE with the rise of the Ottoman Turks and in the late 1400s CE with the opening of the sea route around Africa to Asia, the Mediterranean became less important. The construction of the Suez Canal, connecting the Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean, revived some of the ...
Hadrian`s Second Jewish Revolt
... origins of the Second Jewish revolt remains a crucial and widely-disputed issue; moreover, the question as to what led to the revolt is an important one since the relatively peaceful internal development of Judaism in the period following the first Jewish revolt until the outbreak of the second, pro ...
... origins of the Second Jewish revolt remains a crucial and widely-disputed issue; moreover, the question as to what led to the revolt is an important one since the relatively peaceful internal development of Judaism in the period following the first Jewish revolt until the outbreak of the second, pro ...
- WRAP: Warwick Research Archive Portal
... part their provincia, witnessed Roman settlers as part of the lex sempronia, but only became a ‘province proper’ under Septimius Severus.12 The Romans did not possess a neat concept of what their Empire or imperium entailed, although the writings of Polybius, Cicero and others reveal that imperium w ...
... part their provincia, witnessed Roman settlers as part of the lex sempronia, but only became a ‘province proper’ under Septimius Severus.12 The Romans did not possess a neat concept of what their Empire or imperium entailed, although the writings of Polybius, Cicero and others reveal that imperium w ...
Mason Tjuanta - 2010
... He increased the efficiency of the harbors at Rhegium and Sicily to increase the imports from Egypt. Caligula would construct temples in honor of himself. The Egyptian obelisk now known as the Vatican obelisk was transported overseas and placed in Rome. Caligula maintained and built more roads to ma ...
... He increased the efficiency of the harbors at Rhegium and Sicily to increase the imports from Egypt. Caligula would construct temples in honor of himself. The Egyptian obelisk now known as the Vatican obelisk was transported overseas and placed in Rome. Caligula maintained and built more roads to ma ...
Metformin Toxicity
... In 218 AD the Roman Empire was ruled by an unpopular Emperor by the name of Macrinus, who had gained the imperial throne by the assassination of his popular, (at least with the army, if not the senate) predecessor, Caracalla. A focus of opposition to Macrinus, came from Syria in the east where Juli ...
... In 218 AD the Roman Empire was ruled by an unpopular Emperor by the name of Macrinus, who had gained the imperial throne by the assassination of his popular, (at least with the army, if not the senate) predecessor, Caracalla. A focus of opposition to Macrinus, came from Syria in the east where Juli ...
Roman Isis and the Pendulum of Tolerance in the Empire
... entombment for any of the Vestal Virgins who were considered to have brought real and imminent danger to Rome if they were impure (Hornblower 1591). It was not the Roman goddess Vesta who was punished; rather, her own priestesses were put to death for their own misconduct. A more modern comparison c ...
... entombment for any of the Vestal Virgins who were considered to have brought real and imminent danger to Rome if they were impure (Hornblower 1591). It was not the Roman goddess Vesta who was punished; rather, her own priestesses were put to death for their own misconduct. A more modern comparison c ...
western civilization 2311 lecture notes
... i. Property Law 1. As intricate as now 2. Only area where there was equality before the law. ii. Courts 1. Perjury was punished by death 2. Torture was used to get confessions iii. Punishment 1. Strangling, beheading, burning a stake, being embalmed iv. Vizier 1. Prime minister, chief justice, head ...
... i. Property Law 1. As intricate as now 2. Only area where there was equality before the law. ii. Courts 1. Perjury was punished by death 2. Torture was used to get confessions iii. Punishment 1. Strangling, beheading, burning a stake, being embalmed iv. Vizier 1. Prime minister, chief justice, head ...
The Roman State (cont.)
... • Nero, for example, had anyone he wanted out of his way simply killed, including his own mother. • Lacking an army, the Senate could not oppose Nero. • His legions finally revolted against him, and he committed suicide. ...
... • Nero, for example, had anyone he wanted out of his way simply killed, including his own mother. • Lacking an army, the Senate could not oppose Nero. • His legions finally revolted against him, and he committed suicide. ...
History of the Roman Constitution
The History of the Roman Constitution is a study of Ancient Rome that traces the progression of Roman political development from the founding of the city of Rome in 753 BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD. The constitution of the Roman Kingdom vested the sovereign power in the King of Rome. The king did have two rudimentary checks on his authority, which took the form of a board of elders (the Roman Senate) and a popular assembly (the Curiate Assembly). The arrangement was similar to the constitutional arrangements found in contemporary Greek city-states (such as Athens or Sparta). These Greek constitutional principles probably came to Rome through the Greek colonies of Magna Graecia in southern Italy. The Roman Kingdom was overthrown in 510 BC, according to legend, and in its place the Roman Republic was founded.The constitutional history of the Roman Republic can be divided into five phases. The first phase began with the revolution which overthrew the Roman Kingdom in 510 BC, and the final phase ended with the revolution which overthrew the Roman Republic, and thus created the Roman Empire, in 27 BC. Throughout the history of the republic, the constitutional evolution was driven by the struggle between the aristocracy (the ""Patricians"") and the ordinary citizens (the ""Plebeians""). Approximately two centuries after the founding of the republic, the Plebeians attained, in theory at least, equality with the Patricians. In practice, however, the plight of the average Plebeian remained unchanged. This set the stage for the civil wars of the 1st century BC, and Rome's transformation into a formal empire.The general who won the last civil war of the Roman Republic, Gaius Octavian, became the master of the state. In the years after 30 BC, Octavian set out to reform the Roman constitution, and to found the Principate. The ultimate consequence of these reforms was the abolition of the republic, and the founding of the Roman Empire. Octavian was given the honorific Augustus (""venerable"") by the Roman Senate, and became known to history by this name, and as the first Roman Emperor. Octavian's reforms did not, at the time, seem drastic, since they did nothing more than reorganize the constitution. The reorganization was revolutionary, however, because the ultimate result was that Octavian ended up with control over the entire constitution, which itself set the stage for outright monarchy. When Diocletian became Roman Emperor in 284, the Principate was abolished, and a new system, the Dominate, was established. This system survived until the ultimate fall of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire in 1453.