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Circuit for Square Root of Multiplication
Circuit for Square Root of Multiplication

... the year 1996. At present he is working as Technical Staff in the Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India. He developed interest in design and development of function circuits to find their applications in modern measurements and instrumentation systems. ...
Lista Dei Simboli Dei Circuiti Per i Componenti Elettronici
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... switch for a motor. Some DPDT switches have a central off position. An electrically operated switch, for example a 9V battery circuit connected to the coil can switch a 230V AC mains circuit. ...
CC Series Ultra High Capacity Emergency spec sheet
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Transmission-Line Fault Analysis Using
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Motor Efficiency and Fault Zone Analysis
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... decrease in motor efficiency. Voltage imbalances will cause the motor to draw more current in order to perform the required work. Therefore, not only does the customer face premature motor burn out (or single-phase), but also they may potentially pay for extra kilowatt-hours and possibly a demand pe ...
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... solving the power mismatch equations were first conceived of decades ago [2], [3] and remain the standard for simulating transmission-level power grids, where perfect phase balance is assumed. At the distribution level, however, these methods experience poor convergence due to the radial distributio ...
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... There are two main types of circuits: series and parallel. In a series circuit, electrons have only one path to follow whereas in parallel circuits, electrons have two or more paths to follow. In a parallel circuit, electrons cannot travel through all paths and therefore must divide up in certain pa ...
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... The effects of zero sequence mutual coupling on the performance of distance protection installed on parallel transmission lines can be significant. It is well understood and documented that the effects of mutual coupling can cause distance relays to over-reach or under-reach depending on the operati ...
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Grounding and Bonding

... No other article can match Article 250 for misapplication, violation, and misinterpretation. Terminology used in this article has been a source for much confusion, but that has improved during the last few NEC revisions. It’s very important to understand the difference between grounding and bonding ...
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Fault tolerance



Fault tolerance is the property that enables a system to continue operating properly in the event of the failure of (or one or more faults within) some of its components. If its operating quality decreases at all, the decrease is proportional to the severity of the failure, as compared to a naively designed system in which even a small failure can cause total breakdown. Fault tolerance is particularly sought after in high-availability or life-critical systems.A fault-tolerant design enables a system to continue its intended operation, possibly at a reduced level, rather than failing completely, when some part of the system fails. The term is most commonly used to describe computer systems designed to continue more or less fully operational with, perhaps, a reduction in throughput or an increase in response time in the event of some partial failure. That is, the system as a whole is not stopped due to problems either in the hardware or the software. An example in another field is a motor vehicle designed so it will continue to be drivable if one of the tires is punctured. A structure is able to retain its integrity in the presence of damage due to causes such as fatigue, corrosion, manufacturing flaws, or impact.Within the scope of an individual system, fault tolerance can be achieved by anticipating exceptional conditions and building the system to cope with them, and, in general, aiming for self-stabilization so that the system converges towards an error-free state. However, if the consequences of a system failure are catastrophic, or the cost of making it sufficiently reliable is very high, a better solution may be to use some form of duplication. In any case, if the consequence of a system failure is so catastrophic, the system must be able to use reversion to fall back to a safe mode. This is similar to roll-back recovery but can be a human action if humans are present in the loop.
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