Relating genes to function: identifying enriched transcription factors
... biology and medicine since the release of the human genome sequence; however, focus has only recently shifted to relating these signatures to function on a genome-wide scale. Thanks to next-generation sequencing assays such as ChIP-Seq that query an entire genome, transcription factor-binding sites ...
... biology and medicine since the release of the human genome sequence; however, focus has only recently shifted to relating these signatures to function on a genome-wide scale. Thanks to next-generation sequencing assays such as ChIP-Seq that query an entire genome, transcription factor-binding sites ...
Objectives • Describe the process of DNA transcription. • Explain
... In prokaryotic cells, the mRNA transcribed from a gene directly serves as the messenger molecule that is translated into a protein. But this is not the case in eukaryotic cells. In a eukaryotic cell, the RNA transcribed in the nucleus is modified or processed before it leaves the nucleus as mRNA to ...
... In prokaryotic cells, the mRNA transcribed from a gene directly serves as the messenger molecule that is translated into a protein. But this is not the case in eukaryotic cells. In a eukaryotic cell, the RNA transcribed in the nucleus is modified or processed before it leaves the nucleus as mRNA to ...
lecture05_11
... • When searching for a motif in a genome using PSSM or other methods – the motif is usually found all over the place ->The motif is considered real if found in the vicinity of a gene. • Checking experimentally for the binding sites of a specific TF (location analysis) – the sites that bind the motif ...
... • When searching for a motif in a genome using PSSM or other methods – the motif is usually found all over the place ->The motif is considered real if found in the vicinity of a gene. • Checking experimentally for the binding sites of a specific TF (location analysis) – the sites that bind the motif ...
DNA Sequence Variation in the Human Y Chromosome: Functions
... specific (heteromorphic) sequences. We identified two such heteromorphic (male specific) sequences, though not involved in sex determination but showed cross hybridization with a few mammalian species [2, 6]. This indicates that some of the repeat sequences present on the human Y chromosome may have ...
... specific (heteromorphic) sequences. We identified two such heteromorphic (male specific) sequences, though not involved in sex determination but showed cross hybridization with a few mammalian species [2, 6]. This indicates that some of the repeat sequences present on the human Y chromosome may have ...
Recurrent Tandem Gene Duplication Gave Rise
... genes taking on different roles that had previously been performed by the original gene, a process known as subfunctionalization. The most remarkable fate of gene duplication is neofunctionalization, whereby the new copy evolves a novel function driven and maintained by selection, whereas the old co ...
... genes taking on different roles that had previously been performed by the original gene, a process known as subfunctionalization. The most remarkable fate of gene duplication is neofunctionalization, whereby the new copy evolves a novel function driven and maintained by selection, whereas the old co ...
Glossary - ChristopherKing.name
... Introduction to Phospholipase C-gamma and COX-2 (PTGS2) Phospholipase C-gamma is believed to be the major enzyme of fertilization. We obtained a partial clone of the gene when we performed RT-PCR. Take a look at the paper that Dr. Stith has put on our web site. We will go through the paper more thor ...
... Introduction to Phospholipase C-gamma and COX-2 (PTGS2) Phospholipase C-gamma is believed to be the major enzyme of fertilization. We obtained a partial clone of the gene when we performed RT-PCR. Take a look at the paper that Dr. Stith has put on our web site. We will go through the paper more thor ...
New gene family defined by MORC, a nuclear protein required for
... To confirm that the morcTgN(Tyr)1Az mutation affected Morc expression, we examined transcripts in mutant mice by northern blotting. Hybridization with a 158 bp cDNA fragment containing only Morc exons 2–4 (Fig. 1B) indicated that the wild-type transcript was absent from testes of homozygotes (Fig. 2 ...
... To confirm that the morcTgN(Tyr)1Az mutation affected Morc expression, we examined transcripts in mutant mice by northern blotting. Hybridization with a 158 bp cDNA fragment containing only Morc exons 2–4 (Fig. 1B) indicated that the wild-type transcript was absent from testes of homozygotes (Fig. 2 ...
testis formation. gene(s) - Journal of Medical Genetics
... Sex determination in man, and other mammals, is chromosomally based: males have an X and a Y chromosome, females have two X chromosomes. Correlation between phenotype and karyotype in subjects with unusual sex chromosome constitutions has shown that the Y chromosome carries a gene, TDF (testis deter ...
... Sex determination in man, and other mammals, is chromosomally based: males have an X and a Y chromosome, females have two X chromosomes. Correlation between phenotype and karyotype in subjects with unusual sex chromosome constitutions has shown that the Y chromosome carries a gene, TDF (testis deter ...
Supplementary Material (doc 28K)
... TEIRESIAS discovered 1,106,692 patterns which were filtered down to 1,714, a reduction of 99.9%. This final set of patterns was smaller by 21.5% than the one in the CLL dataset although the number of sequences analyzed was almost twice as high (5,344 vs. 2,845). This was partly due to the fact that ...
... TEIRESIAS discovered 1,106,692 patterns which were filtered down to 1,714, a reduction of 99.9%. This final set of patterns was smaller by 21.5% than the one in the CLL dataset although the number of sequences analyzed was almost twice as high (5,344 vs. 2,845). This was partly due to the fact that ...
Exercises
... Short tutorial on restriction mapping, translation, and BLAST. Many of the following exercises involve copying one sequence from a page in Netscape to another. For these types of exercises, therefore, it is a good idea to use multiple windows of Netscape. To create a new window select File - New Web ...
... Short tutorial on restriction mapping, translation, and BLAST. Many of the following exercises involve copying one sequence from a page in Netscape to another. For these types of exercises, therefore, it is a good idea to use multiple windows of Netscape. To create a new window select File - New Web ...
here - Genomes Unzipped
... Li et al.[1] sequenced cDNA from lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from 27 individuals whose genomes have been sequenced at low coverage [2], and identified 10,210 sites of mismatches between an individual’s mRNA and DNA sequences (RDD sites, for RNA-DNA difference). RDD sites included all possible ...
... Li et al.[1] sequenced cDNA from lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from 27 individuals whose genomes have been sequenced at low coverage [2], and identified 10,210 sites of mismatches between an individual’s mRNA and DNA sequences (RDD sites, for RNA-DNA difference). RDD sites included all possible ...
Genetic recombination and mutations - formatted
... phenomena of mutation. Mutation can be defined as the occurrence of any change in the sequence of nucleic acid or any change in the chromosomal structure. Mutations can also be defined as heritable changes in the genetic material. This point becomes important in multicellular organisms where we must ...
... phenomena of mutation. Mutation can be defined as the occurrence of any change in the sequence of nucleic acid or any change in the chromosomal structure. Mutations can also be defined as heritable changes in the genetic material. This point becomes important in multicellular organisms where we must ...
Sex chromosome-to-autosome transposition - David Page Lab
... many Y-linked genes were rescued by transposition to new genomic locations, but until our work presented here, this has been considered an isolated case. Results: We describe eight cases of genes that have relocated to autosomes in mammalian lineages where the corresponding Y-linked gene has been lo ...
... many Y-linked genes were rescued by transposition to new genomic locations, but until our work presented here, this has been considered an isolated case. Results: We describe eight cases of genes that have relocated to autosomes in mammalian lineages where the corresponding Y-linked gene has been lo ...
The study of threshold determination of gene identification and its
... determine the threshold of genes types in different species, and to study the threshold determination method of each kind of representative gene sequence exons, and determine the threshold. And through the exploring the classification effectiveness of exons and non-exons, we can make an analysis on ...
... determine the threshold of genes types in different species, and to study the threshold determination method of each kind of representative gene sequence exons, and determine the threshold. And through the exploring the classification effectiveness of exons and non-exons, we can make an analysis on ...
Supplemental File S9. Homologous Chromosomes
... Question 1-3: Why do you think there are so many more transcripts that align on the chromosome compared to the number of genes on the chromosome? Answer 1-3: Though the process of alternative splicing, many different transcripts can be produced from a single genomic locus. Thus, the number of transc ...
... Question 1-3: Why do you think there are so many more transcripts that align on the chromosome compared to the number of genes on the chromosome? Answer 1-3: Though the process of alternative splicing, many different transcripts can be produced from a single genomic locus. Thus, the number of transc ...
GENE TECHNOLOGY - mf011
... genetic engineering, the direct manipulation of genes for practical purposes DNA technology has revolutionized biotechnology, the manipulation of organisms or their genetic components to make useful products An example of DNA technology is the microarray, a measurement of gene expression of thousand ...
... genetic engineering, the direct manipulation of genes for practical purposes DNA technology has revolutionized biotechnology, the manipulation of organisms or their genetic components to make useful products An example of DNA technology is the microarray, a measurement of gene expression of thousand ...
Lesson 3
... • When the defective gene is replaced with a normal one using the gene therapy, the cells with the new gene begin to make the missing substance. • The practice of placing fragments of DNA from one organism into another is called genetic engineering, and it is considered highly experimental. • Geneti ...
... • When the defective gene is replaced with a normal one using the gene therapy, the cells with the new gene begin to make the missing substance. • The practice of placing fragments of DNA from one organism into another is called genetic engineering, and it is considered highly experimental. • Geneti ...
Chapter 19 Lesson 3 heredity and genetics
... • When the defective gene is replaced with a normal one using the gene therapy, the cells with the new gene begin to make the missing substance. • The practice of placing fragments of DNA from one organism into another is called genetic engineering, and it is considered highly experimental. • Geneti ...
... • When the defective gene is replaced with a normal one using the gene therapy, the cells with the new gene begin to make the missing substance. • The practice of placing fragments of DNA from one organism into another is called genetic engineering, and it is considered highly experimental. • Geneti ...
The Canine Genome: Discoveries, Applications - Encompass
... among investigators, which could lead to different conclusions. And third, the specific individuals or populations sampled might not represent the most informative or appropriate group to examine for the question being asked. These are issues with many efforts in evolutionary biology, and are not un ...
... among investigators, which could lead to different conclusions. And third, the specific individuals or populations sampled might not represent the most informative or appropriate group to examine for the question being asked. These are issues with many efforts in evolutionary biology, and are not un ...
Evolutionary Genomics of Fast Evolving Tunicates
... by the elimination of genes (like notochord genes and Hox genes, as described in the previous section), this was not the only or even the main cause, since this genome contains about 18,000 predicted genes. Instead, genome compaction, namely packaging genes into smaller space, had a much more signif ...
... by the elimination of genes (like notochord genes and Hox genes, as described in the previous section), this was not the only or even the main cause, since this genome contains about 18,000 predicted genes. Instead, genome compaction, namely packaging genes into smaller space, had a much more signif ...
Document
... At least one of the antibiotic resistance genes is intact. The enzyme cuts the plasmid only once The cut is close to the promoter sequence 3. On the Human DNA Sequence (RM 3), scan the human DNA sequence and determine where the three restriction enzymes, BamHI, EcoRI, and HindIII, would cut t ...
... At least one of the antibiotic resistance genes is intact. The enzyme cuts the plasmid only once The cut is close to the promoter sequence 3. On the Human DNA Sequence (RM 3), scan the human DNA sequence and determine where the three restriction enzymes, BamHI, EcoRI, and HindIII, would cut t ...
Quantitative Genomics slides
... • Chromosome: a single long string of DNA, humans have two copies of each chromosome (diploid), one from mom, one from dad • Autosome: None sex chromosome (22 in humans) • Sex chromosome: X or Y chromosome, females have 2X, males have 1X and 1Y • Mitochondrial DNA: non-nuclear DNA, inherited only fr ...
... • Chromosome: a single long string of DNA, humans have two copies of each chromosome (diploid), one from mom, one from dad • Autosome: None sex chromosome (22 in humans) • Sex chromosome: X or Y chromosome, females have 2X, males have 1X and 1Y • Mitochondrial DNA: non-nuclear DNA, inherited only fr ...
Molecular genetics in Streptococcus thermophilus
... 5ummary - Streptococcus salivarius subsp thermophilus (S thermophilus) is a homofermentative, thermophilic lactic acid bacteria, used in dairy starter cultures. Despite its widespread and long-term use, its molecular biology and genetics have only recently started to be investigated. We report here ...
... 5ummary - Streptococcus salivarius subsp thermophilus (S thermophilus) is a homofermentative, thermophilic lactic acid bacteria, used in dairy starter cultures. Despite its widespread and long-term use, its molecular biology and genetics have only recently started to be investigated. We report here ...
Human genome
The human genome is the complete set of nucleic acid sequence for humans (Homo sapiens), encoded as DNA within the 23 chromosome pairs in cell nuclei and in a small DNA molecule found within individual mitochondria. Human genomes include both protein-coding DNA genes and noncoding DNA. Haploid human genomes, which are contained in germ cells (the egg and sperm gamete cells created in the meiosis phase of sexual reproduction before fertilization creates a zygote) consist of three billion DNA base pairs, while diploid genomes (found in somatic cells) have twice the DNA content. While there are significant differences among the genomes of human individuals (on the order of 0.1%), these are considerably smaller than the differences between humans and their closest living relatives, the chimpanzees (approximately 4%) and bonobos. Humans share 50% of their DNA with bananas.The Human Genome Project produced the first complete sequences of individual human genomes, with the first draft sequence and initial analysis being published on February 12, 2001. The human genome was the first of all vertebrates to be completely sequenced. As of 2012, thousands of human genomes have been completely sequenced, and many more have been mapped at lower levels of resolution. The resulting data are used worldwide in biomedical science, anthropology, forensics and other branches of science. There is a widely held expectation that genomic studies will lead to advances in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, and to new insights in many fields of biology, including human evolution.Although the sequence of the human genome has been (almost) completely determined by DNA sequencing, it is not yet fully understood. Most (though probably not all) genes have been identified by a combination of high throughput experimental and bioinformatics approaches, yet much work still needs to be done to further elucidate the biological functions of their protein and RNA products. Recent results suggest that most of the vast quantities of noncoding DNA within the genome have associated biochemical activities, including regulation of gene expression, organization of chromosome architecture, and signals controlling epigenetic inheritance.There are an estimated 20,000-25,000 human protein-coding genes. The estimate of the number of human genes has been repeatedly revised down from initial predictions of 100,000 or more as genome sequence quality and gene finding methods have improved, and could continue to drop further. Protein-coding sequences account for only a very small fraction of the genome (approximately 1.5%), and the rest is associated with non-coding RNA molecules, regulatory DNA sequences, LINEs, SINEs, introns, and sequences for which as yet no function has been elucidated.