Assignment CHE-09 TMA-01,02 Year 2005
... vi) In the tripeptide Cys – Ser – Leu, the amino acid with free amino end is ____. vii) Degradation of D-fructose – 1, 6 – bisphosphate to D – glyceraldehyde – 3 – phosphate is catalysed by a class of enzymes called _________. viii) The nonextensible property of a silk fibre is due to its __________ ...
... vi) In the tripeptide Cys – Ser – Leu, the amino acid with free amino end is ____. vii) Degradation of D-fructose – 1, 6 – bisphosphate to D – glyceraldehyde – 3 – phosphate is catalysed by a class of enzymes called _________. viii) The nonextensible property of a silk fibre is due to its __________ ...
Enzymes: Basic Concepts and Kinetics
... sites are occupied by the substrate is referred to as Vmax or maximum velocity. 5. Km: The substrate concentration at which the reaction rate is half its maximal value is known as Km or the Michaelis constant. Km value of an enzyme is an indicator of the affinity that the enzyme has for its substrat ...
... sites are occupied by the substrate is referred to as Vmax or maximum velocity. 5. Km: The substrate concentration at which the reaction rate is half its maximal value is known as Km or the Michaelis constant. Km value of an enzyme is an indicator of the affinity that the enzyme has for its substrat ...
2770 October 2007 Mid-Term Test
... Buffers have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT: A) They have relatively flat titration curves at the pH(s) where they buffer. ! B) They resist changes in their pH as acid or base is added. C) They are typically composed of a weak acid and its conjugate base. D) They buffer best for polypro ...
... Buffers have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT: A) They have relatively flat titration curves at the pH(s) where they buffer. ! B) They resist changes in their pH as acid or base is added. C) They are typically composed of a weak acid and its conjugate base. D) They buffer best for polypro ...
Prof. Kamakaka`s Lecture 6 Notes
... It is a constant for a given enzyme at a particular temp and pressure Km is unique to each Enzyme and Substrate. It describes properties of enzymesubstrate interactions. Dependent on temp, pH etc. Independent of enzyme conc. It is an ESTIMATE of equilibrium constant for substrate binding to enzyme S ...
... It is a constant for a given enzyme at a particular temp and pressure Km is unique to each Enzyme and Substrate. It describes properties of enzymesubstrate interactions. Dependent on temp, pH etc. Independent of enzyme conc. It is an ESTIMATE of equilibrium constant for substrate binding to enzyme S ...
Lecture 11: Take your Vitamins! Enzyme Cofactors Reference
... -Small organic molecules or metal ions that work in concert with an enzyme to catalyze biochemical reactions B. Importance to Enzyme Reactions -Catalysis by enzymes is limited to specific side chains. But these side chains can’t do all the chemistry that is required. -Cofactors provide special chemi ...
... -Small organic molecules or metal ions that work in concert with an enzyme to catalyze biochemical reactions B. Importance to Enzyme Reactions -Catalysis by enzymes is limited to specific side chains. But these side chains can’t do all the chemistry that is required. -Cofactors provide special chemi ...
... the 2’ carbon has an –OH group, so it is RNA. The helical structure is like that shown in the notes for RNA, in particular the bases are not on the helix axis. 8. (16 pts, 20 min) The second Jmol page associated with this problem set shows wild-type and a mutant HIV protease in complex with a number ...
Chapter Nineteen
... between substrates and enzymes. ► Historically, the lock-and-key model came first. The substrate is described as fitting into the active site as a key fits into a lock. ► Enzyme molecules are not totally rigid like locks. The induced-fit model accounts for changes in the shape of the enzyme active s ...
... between substrates and enzymes. ► Historically, the lock-and-key model came first. The substrate is described as fitting into the active site as a key fits into a lock. ► Enzyme molecules are not totally rigid like locks. The induced-fit model accounts for changes in the shape of the enzyme active s ...
LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034
... Answer the following, each within 1500 words only. Draw diagrams and flowcharts wherever ...
... Answer the following, each within 1500 words only. Draw diagrams and flowcharts wherever ...
enzymes lecture 1
... (B) may be destroyed and resynthesized several times (C) interacts with a specific type of substrate molecule which is complementary to its shape (D) reacts at identical rates under all conditions ...
... (B) may be destroyed and resynthesized several times (C) interacts with a specific type of substrate molecule which is complementary to its shape (D) reacts at identical rates under all conditions ...
lecture3
... An allosteric enzyme possesses at least 2 spatially distinct binding sites on the protein molecules the active or the catalytic site and the regulator or the allosteric site. The metabolic regulator molecule binds at the allosteric site and produces a change in the conformational structure of the en ...
... An allosteric enzyme possesses at least 2 spatially distinct binding sites on the protein molecules the active or the catalytic site and the regulator or the allosteric site. The metabolic regulator molecule binds at the allosteric site and produces a change in the conformational structure of the en ...
Master Entrance Exam
... 10. 1000 bps DNA coding sequences can make protein roughly (A) 23 (B) 27 (C) 33 (D) 37 (E) 43 kilodalton II. 是非題 (每題 2 分) Yes or No for answer 1. Lipid components of membranes do not readily move from one side of a bilayer to the other. 2. In the Citrate-Pyruvate Cycle, the step that generates NADPH ...
... 10. 1000 bps DNA coding sequences can make protein roughly (A) 23 (B) 27 (C) 33 (D) 37 (E) 43 kilodalton II. 是非題 (每題 2 分) Yes or No for answer 1. Lipid components of membranes do not readily move from one side of a bilayer to the other. 2. In the Citrate-Pyruvate Cycle, the step that generates NADPH ...
Mechanisms of Enzymes
... charge distribution in the relatively anhydrous active site may influence the chemical reactivity of the substrate. ...
... charge distribution in the relatively anhydrous active site may influence the chemical reactivity of the substrate. ...
Nucleotides: Be able to differentiate between a purine ring and a
... why is this called a dinucleotide? because there are two entire nucleotide moieties in the molecule. One of the nitrogenous bases is adenine (so one of the nucleotides is adenosine monophosphate) and the other nitrogenous base is nicotinamide. a closely related molecule is nicotinamide adenine dinuc ...
... why is this called a dinucleotide? because there are two entire nucleotide moieties in the molecule. One of the nitrogenous bases is adenine (so one of the nucleotides is adenosine monophosphate) and the other nitrogenous base is nicotinamide. a closely related molecule is nicotinamide adenine dinuc ...
Introduction to Metabolism
... Increasing temperature increases the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction up to a point. Above a certain temperature, activity begins to decline because the enzyme begins to denature. ...
... Increasing temperature increases the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction up to a point. Above a certain temperature, activity begins to decline because the enzyme begins to denature. ...
Microbial Metabolism
... Acidic, alkaline, high salt, high temperature, etc. These conditions thus affect growth of cell also. ...
... Acidic, alkaline, high salt, high temperature, etc. These conditions thus affect growth of cell also. ...
Finals Practice Exam
... Spring 2004 BCHS 3304 Final Exam Review Student Copy1). The TR transition of hemoglobin upon binding of oxygen to the heme has been thoroughly investigated. On a thermodynamic level, this TR transition can be described as (primarily) an enthalpically driven process. Which of the following phenomen ...
... Spring 2004 BCHS 3304 Final Exam Review Student Copy1). The TR transition of hemoglobin upon binding of oxygen to the heme has been thoroughly investigated. On a thermodynamic level, this TR transition can be described as (primarily) an enthalpically driven process. Which of the following phenomen ...
Enzyme Reading - BizierDiemHonorsBiology
... fructose molecule. Once these products are released, the enzyme's active site is ready to accept another molecule of sucrose. In fact, this recycling ability is a key characteristic of ...
... fructose molecule. Once these products are released, the enzyme's active site is ready to accept another molecule of sucrose. In fact, this recycling ability is a key characteristic of ...
• Warm-up What are the four macromolecules and their function?
... • Proteins are long chains of amino acids folded into a very specific shape ...
... • Proteins are long chains of amino acids folded into a very specific shape ...
doc NUR1 200 Midterm 2006
... A) allosteric inhibitor. B) alternative inhibitor. C) competitive inhibitor. D) stereospecific agent. E) transition-state analog. 4. The cleavage of a peptide bond between two amino acids is an example of a(n) ______________ reaction. A) condensation B) hydrolysis C) group transfer D) isomerization ...
... A) allosteric inhibitor. B) alternative inhibitor. C) competitive inhibitor. D) stereospecific agent. E) transition-state analog. 4. The cleavage of a peptide bond between two amino acids is an example of a(n) ______________ reaction. A) condensation B) hydrolysis C) group transfer D) isomerization ...
Secondary Structure of Proteins
... Enzymes accelerate reaction rates by bringing substrates into proper orientation for bond breaking / bond formation ...
... Enzymes accelerate reaction rates by bringing substrates into proper orientation for bond breaking / bond formation ...
Inhibition of E. coli l-Asparaginase by Reaction with 2, 3
... der comparable conditions 1,2-cyclo hexanedione does not affect the activity o f L-asparaginase. ...
... der comparable conditions 1,2-cyclo hexanedione does not affect the activity o f L-asparaginase. ...
Catalytic Mechanisms Acid-Base Catalysis Covalent Catalysis Metal
... Interactions that preferentially bind the transition state increase its concentration and proportionally increase the reaction rate Use of transition state theory leads to the prediction that enzymatic binding of a transition state by two hydrogen bonds that cannot form in the Michaelis complex shou ...
... Interactions that preferentially bind the transition state increase its concentration and proportionally increase the reaction rate Use of transition state theory leads to the prediction that enzymatic binding of a transition state by two hydrogen bonds that cannot form in the Michaelis complex shou ...
Unit1-MetabolicPathwaysweb
... eventually stop increasing?) The limiting factor in B is not substrate concentration, nor temperature (enzymes are working at maximum rate), it has to be enzyme concentration (all active sites are involved in the reaction) or another sort of control such as feedback inhibition (see later). ...
... eventually stop increasing?) The limiting factor in B is not substrate concentration, nor temperature (enzymes are working at maximum rate), it has to be enzyme concentration (all active sites are involved in the reaction) or another sort of control such as feedback inhibition (see later). ...
Biochemistry
... symport and antiport mechanisms. (h) Define the Beer Lambert Law. The A340 of a solution of NADH was found to be 0.29. What was the concentration of this solution? (εNADH = 6220 M-1 cm-1). (i) Although oxygen does not participate directly in the citric acid cycle, the cycle operates only when O2 is ...
... symport and antiport mechanisms. (h) Define the Beer Lambert Law. The A340 of a solution of NADH was found to be 0.29. What was the concentration of this solution? (εNADH = 6220 M-1 cm-1). (i) Although oxygen does not participate directly in the citric acid cycle, the cycle operates only when O2 is ...
2.3: Carbon-Based Molecules
... • Substrates bind to the active site • Shape of substrate and active site are complimentary, or opposite – Fit together like a lock and key ...
... • Substrates bind to the active site • Shape of substrate and active site are complimentary, or opposite – Fit together like a lock and key ...
Enzyme inhibitor
An enzyme inhibitor is a molecule that binds to an enzyme and decreases its activity. Since blocking an enzyme's activity can kill a pathogen or correct a metabolic imbalance, many drugs are enzyme inhibitors. They are also used in pesticides. Not all molecules that bind to enzymes are inhibitors; enzyme activators bind to enzymes and increase their enzymatic activity, while enzyme substrates bind and are converted to products in the normal catalytic cycle of the enzyme.The binding of an inhibitor can stop a substrate from entering the enzyme's active site and/or hinder the enzyme from catalyzing its reaction. Inhibitor binding is either reversible or irreversible. Irreversible inhibitors usually react with the enzyme and change it chemically (e.g. via covalent bond formation). These inhibitors modify key amino acid residues needed for enzymatic activity. In contrast, reversible inhibitors bind non-covalently and different types of inhibition are produced depending on whether these inhibitors bind to the enzyme, the enzyme-substrate complex, or both.Many drug molecules are enzyme inhibitors, so their discovery and improvement is an active area of research in biochemistry and pharmacology. A medicinal enzyme inhibitor is often judged by its specificity (its lack of binding to other proteins) and its potency (its dissociation constant, which indicates the concentration needed to inhibit the enzyme). A high specificity and potency ensure that a drug will have few side effects and thus low toxicity.Enzyme inhibitors also occur naturally and are involved in the regulation of metabolism. For example, enzymes in a metabolic pathway can be inhibited by downstream products. This type of negative feedback slows the production line when products begin to build up and is an important way to maintain homeostasis in a cell. Other cellular enzyme inhibitors are proteins that specifically bind to and inhibit an enzyme target. This can help control enzymes that may be damaging to a cell, like proteases or nucleases. A well-characterised example of this is the ribonuclease inhibitor, which binds to ribonucleases in one of the tightest known protein–protein interactions. Natural enzyme inhibitors can also be poisons and are used as defences against predators or as ways of killing prey.