BIOCHEMISTRY I (CHMI 2227 E) PROBLEMS and
... This problem set has been prepared for students taking the course Biochemistry I (CHMI 2227E), as offered at Laurentian University. It contains several problems taken from textbooks and from the author’s imagination. While the vast majority of the problems found in this book can be relatively easily ...
... This problem set has been prepared for students taking the course Biochemistry I (CHMI 2227E), as offered at Laurentian University. It contains several problems taken from textbooks and from the author’s imagination. While the vast majority of the problems found in this book can be relatively easily ...
1 - Free
... 2. how much is the actual velocity of an enzyme reaction relative to the maximal velocity if the substrate concentration: is equal to the Km value………. 5* Km………. 3. name the enzyme reaction in which the ATPase produced in the light reaction of photosynthesis are utilized in the Calvin cycles. 4. name ...
... 2. how much is the actual velocity of an enzyme reaction relative to the maximal velocity if the substrate concentration: is equal to the Km value………. 5* Km………. 3. name the enzyme reaction in which the ATPase produced in the light reaction of photosynthesis are utilized in the Calvin cycles. 4. name ...
Lipid Synthesis
... a. De novo synthesis involves making fatty acids from 2 carbon units in form of Acetyl CoA b. It is important when dietary supply is limited (developing fetus or undeveloped countries) c. What side effects are produced? i. If glucose is not used to make ATP – they’ll make fatty acids ii. This is a o ...
... a. De novo synthesis involves making fatty acids from 2 carbon units in form of Acetyl CoA b. It is important when dietary supply is limited (developing fetus or undeveloped countries) c. What side effects are produced? i. If glucose is not used to make ATP – they’ll make fatty acids ii. This is a o ...
... (CHDL). Within this group, mainly found in Acinetobacter spp., the OXA24/OXA-40 group is one of the most prevalent. Class D enzymes are generally characterized by a poor sensitivity to clavulanic acid, sulbactam and tazobactam, the -lactamase inhibitors clinically used in combination with a partner ...
Can sequence determine function? | Genome Biology | Full Text
... sequence identity, but in some cases structural information may be required to detect their homology. Specificity diverse superfamily: homologous enzymes that often have less than 30% pairwise sequence identity and catalyze the same reaction with different substrate specificities. Mechanistically di ...
... sequence identity, but in some cases structural information may be required to detect their homology. Specificity diverse superfamily: homologous enzymes that often have less than 30% pairwise sequence identity and catalyze the same reaction with different substrate specificities. Mechanistically di ...
Barbara Soldo
... catalytic domains that catalyze the activation of specific amino acids (adenylation (A) domain), covalent thioester binding (peptidyl-carrier-protein (PCP) domain), formation of peptide bond (condensation (C) domain), and ...
... catalytic domains that catalyze the activation of specific amino acids (adenylation (A) domain), covalent thioester binding (peptidyl-carrier-protein (PCP) domain), formation of peptide bond (condensation (C) domain), and ...
Document
... • The rule (CLSI =NCCLS) M100-S15)… – “Strains of Klebsiella spp. E. coli, and Proteus mirabilis that produce ESBLs may be clinically resistant to therapy with penicillin's, cephalosporins, or aztreonam, despite apparent in vitro susceptibility to some of these agents.” ...
... • The rule (CLSI =NCCLS) M100-S15)… – “Strains of Klebsiella spp. E. coli, and Proteus mirabilis that produce ESBLs may be clinically resistant to therapy with penicillin's, cephalosporins, or aztreonam, despite apparent in vitro susceptibility to some of these agents.” ...
ENZYMES
... is thermodynamically favorable, it is very slow! Yet when sucrose is consumed by a human (or almost any other organism), it releases its chemical energy in seconds. The difference is catalysis. Without catalysis, chemical reactions such as sucrose oxidation could not occur on a useful time scale, an ...
... is thermodynamically favorable, it is very slow! Yet when sucrose is consumed by a human (or almost any other organism), it releases its chemical energy in seconds. The difference is catalysis. Without catalysis, chemical reactions such as sucrose oxidation could not occur on a useful time scale, an ...
PDF - Oxford Academic
... enzyme was observed by Pulich and Van Baalen [lo] in extracts from two filamentous species of cyanobacteria capable of dark heterotrophic growth. a-Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase was also absent, the lack of a complete tricarboxylic acid cycle is consistent with other reports of cyanobacterial metabolis ...
... enzyme was observed by Pulich and Van Baalen [lo] in extracts from two filamentous species of cyanobacteria capable of dark heterotrophic growth. a-Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase was also absent, the lack of a complete tricarboxylic acid cycle is consistent with other reports of cyanobacterial metabolis ...
Computational protein design enables a novel one
... interactions. The two mutations from error-prone PCR are at the protein–protein interface, and their role is unclear. We crystalized and solved the structure of this seven-site mutant [A28I, W89R, L90T, R188H, A394G, G419N, and A480W, termed formolase (FLS); SI Appendix, Fig. S4 and Table S2]. The i ...
... interactions. The two mutations from error-prone PCR are at the protein–protein interface, and their role is unclear. We crystalized and solved the structure of this seven-site mutant [A28I, W89R, L90T, R188H, A394G, G419N, and A480W, termed formolase (FLS); SI Appendix, Fig. S4 and Table S2]. The i ...
Impact of scaffold rigidity on the design and
... mutagenesis and screening, CE20 (Fig. 2B, red and blue spheres), contained these substitutions as well as an additional mutation in the helix that interacts with the substrates (K44N) and two mutations in the supporting helix (S55R and G57D). Characterization of CE20. CE20 was characterized kinetica ...
... mutagenesis and screening, CE20 (Fig. 2B, red and blue spheres), contained these substitutions as well as an additional mutation in the helix that interacts with the substrates (K44N) and two mutations in the supporting helix (S55R and G57D). Characterization of CE20. CE20 was characterized kinetica ...
(cobalamin)-dependent enzymes
... Tethered to one of the propionamide side chains of the corrin is a nucleotide-derived ‘tail’, which includes a heterocyclic base that co-ordinates cobalt from below. In animals the base is always dimethylbenzimidazole; however, bacteria use a variety of bases, including adenine. In some cases the ba ...
... Tethered to one of the propionamide side chains of the corrin is a nucleotide-derived ‘tail’, which includes a heterocyclic base that co-ordinates cobalt from below. In animals the base is always dimethylbenzimidazole; however, bacteria use a variety of bases, including adenine. In some cases the ba ...
Ion specific effects of sodium and potassium on the catalytic activity
... pH 6.0 (Tables 3 and 4) and pH 4.7 (data not shown). The higher activity of HIV-1 PR in the presence of K+ ions is documented by higher catalytic efficiencies (kcat / KM) for both salt concentrations and both peptide substrates measured at pH 6.0. Quantitatively this is more pronounced for peptide 1 ...
... pH 6.0 (Tables 3 and 4) and pH 4.7 (data not shown). The higher activity of HIV-1 PR in the presence of K+ ions is documented by higher catalytic efficiencies (kcat / KM) for both salt concentrations and both peptide substrates measured at pH 6.0. Quantitatively this is more pronounced for peptide 1 ...
Candida antarctica Anders G. Sandström
... essential to understand that catalysts (such as enzymes) never alter a chemical equilibrium. Compared to other catalysts, many enzymes show a remarkable specificity. This specificity is popularly believed to be due to an „induced fit‟ of the enzyme to the shape of the substrate.2 The induced fit mai ...
... essential to understand that catalysts (such as enzymes) never alter a chemical equilibrium. Compared to other catalysts, many enzymes show a remarkable specificity. This specificity is popularly believed to be due to an „induced fit‟ of the enzyme to the shape of the substrate.2 The induced fit mai ...
free energy
... Concept 6.5: Regulation of enzyme activity helps control metabolism Chemical chaos would result if a cell’s metabolic pathways were not tightly regulated A cell does this by switching on or off the genes that encode specific enzymes or by regulating the activity of enzymes ...
... Concept 6.5: Regulation of enzyme activity helps control metabolism Chemical chaos would result if a cell’s metabolic pathways were not tightly regulated A cell does this by switching on or off the genes that encode specific enzymes or by regulating the activity of enzymes ...
Slayt 1 - Prof.Dr.Orhan CANBOLAT
... 1. The donor coenzyme for the one-carbon transfer is N5,N10-methylene tetrahydrofolate (N5,N10-methylene THF); simultaneous reduction to a methyl group leaves dihydrofolate (DHF) as byproduct. 2. N5, N10-methylene THF is regenerated from DHF by a series of reactions, one of which involves dihydrofol ...
... 1. The donor coenzyme for the one-carbon transfer is N5,N10-methylene tetrahydrofolate (N5,N10-methylene THF); simultaneous reduction to a methyl group leaves dihydrofolate (DHF) as byproduct. 2. N5, N10-methylene THF is regenerated from DHF by a series of reactions, one of which involves dihydrofol ...
Analysis of Binary Relations and Hierarchies of Enzymes in the
... computerize the knowledge of the information pathways of biomolecules[6]. As an initial part of the project, we have collected and computerized the metabolic pathway data into the electronic form. The WWW implementation of KEGG serves several purposes. It allows researchers to examine the functional ...
... computerize the knowledge of the information pathways of biomolecules[6]. As an initial part of the project, we have collected and computerized the metabolic pathway data into the electronic form. The WWW implementation of KEGG serves several purposes. It allows researchers to examine the functional ...
Crystal Structures of the Oxidized and Reduced Forms of UDP
... Å, respectively. These studies have allowed for a more complete description of the secondary structure, the solvent structure, and the hydrogen-bonding patterns exhibited between the protein and the nucleotides. In addition, these investigations have demonstrated that the conformation of the nicotin ...
... Å, respectively. These studies have allowed for a more complete description of the secondary structure, the solvent structure, and the hydrogen-bonding patterns exhibited between the protein and the nucleotides. In addition, these investigations have demonstrated that the conformation of the nicotin ...
Prezentace aplikace PowerPoint
... • The main transporting protein is thyroxine binding globulin (TBG). Its affinity for T4 is 10 times higher than for T3 . The further proteins, binding thyroid hormones, are thyroxine binding prealbumin and albumin. More than 99% of T4 is bound on plasma proteins. • During this period the part of T4 ...
... • The main transporting protein is thyroxine binding globulin (TBG). Its affinity for T4 is 10 times higher than for T3 . The further proteins, binding thyroid hormones, are thyroxine binding prealbumin and albumin. More than 99% of T4 is bound on plasma proteins. • During this period the part of T4 ...
History and Function
... The imidazole group of His12 acts as a base in the transphosphorylation reaction and an acid in the hydrolysis reaction The imidazole group of His 119 has complementary role, acting as an acid in the trasphosphorylation reaction and a base in the hydrolysis reaction After catalysis of transphosphory ...
... The imidazole group of His12 acts as a base in the transphosphorylation reaction and an acid in the hydrolysis reaction The imidazole group of His 119 has complementary role, acting as an acid in the trasphosphorylation reaction and a base in the hydrolysis reaction After catalysis of transphosphory ...
Some Structural and Kinetic Aspects of L
... binding of PEP to A domain of PK subunit. Also M2, R and L isoenzymes exhibit a sigmoidal kinetics toward the substrate PEP. This means that this substrate is at the same time homotropic cooperativity effector (Munoz & Ponce, 2003; Gunasekaran et al., 2004; Koshland & Hamadani, 2002; Ainslie et al., ...
... binding of PEP to A domain of PK subunit. Also M2, R and L isoenzymes exhibit a sigmoidal kinetics toward the substrate PEP. This means that this substrate is at the same time homotropic cooperativity effector (Munoz & Ponce, 2003; Gunasekaran et al., 2004; Koshland & Hamadani, 2002; Ainslie et al., ...
Gelatinization of Starch
... Similar to amino acids, proteins can be either positively or negatively charged due to the terminal amine -NH2 and carboxyl (-COOH) groups. ...
... Similar to amino acids, proteins can be either positively or negatively charged due to the terminal amine -NH2 and carboxyl (-COOH) groups. ...
PDF - Biochemical Journal
... and distillationi. By means of this isotope-dilution but PMA (0.5 m-mole/g. of protein) inhibits below method, the true chloride contents of biological pH 7-9 and accelerates above. Both raise the samples were measured with a coefficient of optimal pH. At pH 8-5 ADP and PMA in the variation of ± 0.6 ...
... and distillationi. By means of this isotope-dilution but PMA (0.5 m-mole/g. of protein) inhibits below method, the true chloride contents of biological pH 7-9 and accelerates above. Both raise the samples were measured with a coefficient of optimal pH. At pH 8-5 ADP and PMA in the variation of ± 0.6 ...
Unusual dehydrations in anaerobic bacteria
... sulfur per tool of E I I were detected. EPR measurements indicated the presence of two diffe,ent iron-sulfur clusters, an unusual [4Fe-4S] and a [3Fe-4S] cluster. The signal of the latter was dramatically changed upon addition of either lactyl-CoA or acryloyl-CoA [30]. The hydration of acryloyl-CoA ...
... sulfur per tool of E I I were detected. EPR measurements indicated the presence of two diffe,ent iron-sulfur clusters, an unusual [4Fe-4S] and a [3Fe-4S] cluster. The signal of the latter was dramatically changed upon addition of either lactyl-CoA or acryloyl-CoA [30]. The hydration of acryloyl-CoA ...
Enzyme inhibitor
An enzyme inhibitor is a molecule that binds to an enzyme and decreases its activity. Since blocking an enzyme's activity can kill a pathogen or correct a metabolic imbalance, many drugs are enzyme inhibitors. They are also used in pesticides. Not all molecules that bind to enzymes are inhibitors; enzyme activators bind to enzymes and increase their enzymatic activity, while enzyme substrates bind and are converted to products in the normal catalytic cycle of the enzyme.The binding of an inhibitor can stop a substrate from entering the enzyme's active site and/or hinder the enzyme from catalyzing its reaction. Inhibitor binding is either reversible or irreversible. Irreversible inhibitors usually react with the enzyme and change it chemically (e.g. via covalent bond formation). These inhibitors modify key amino acid residues needed for enzymatic activity. In contrast, reversible inhibitors bind non-covalently and different types of inhibition are produced depending on whether these inhibitors bind to the enzyme, the enzyme-substrate complex, or both.Many drug molecules are enzyme inhibitors, so their discovery and improvement is an active area of research in biochemistry and pharmacology. A medicinal enzyme inhibitor is often judged by its specificity (its lack of binding to other proteins) and its potency (its dissociation constant, which indicates the concentration needed to inhibit the enzyme). A high specificity and potency ensure that a drug will have few side effects and thus low toxicity.Enzyme inhibitors also occur naturally and are involved in the regulation of metabolism. For example, enzymes in a metabolic pathway can be inhibited by downstream products. This type of negative feedback slows the production line when products begin to build up and is an important way to maintain homeostasis in a cell. Other cellular enzyme inhibitors are proteins that specifically bind to and inhibit an enzyme target. This can help control enzymes that may be damaging to a cell, like proteases or nucleases. A well-characterised example of this is the ribonuclease inhibitor, which binds to ribonucleases in one of the tightest known protein–protein interactions. Natural enzyme inhibitors can also be poisons and are used as defences against predators or as ways of killing prey.