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Endotypes and phenotypes of chronic rhinosinusitis
Endotypes and phenotypes of chronic rhinosinusitis

... clinically relevant CRS phenotypes, as defined by an observable characteristic or trait, such as the absence or presence of nasal polyps (NPs). Existing evidence suggests an individual therapeutic approach for patients with CRSwNP and patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP ...
Omnibus Codes - UnitedHealthcareOnline.com
Omnibus Codes - UnitedHealthcareOnline.com

... This Medical Policy provides assistance in interpreting UnitedHealthcare benefit plans. When deciding coverage, the member specific benefit plan document must be referenced. The terms of the member specific benefit plan document [e.g., Certificate of Coverage (COC), Schedule of Benefits (SOB), and/o ...
ENDOMETRIOSIS
ENDOMETRIOSIS

... progesterone- like drugs, can be injected or taken as a pill reduce the extent of the endometriosis not effective in improving fertility side effects: abnormal uterine bleeding, nausea, breast tenderness, fluid retention, depression side effects resolve after medication is stopped most common proges ...
Eastern Research Group - Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy
Eastern Research Group - Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy

... We gratefully acknowledge Amber Jessup (ASPE, Project Officer) for her leadership, guidance, and input throughout this study. We also would like to thank Marty McGeein (ASPE), Jim Scanlon (ASPE), Laina Bush (ASPE), Jerry Holmberg (Office of Public Health and Science), Laurie Feinberg (ASPE), Kimberl ...
SWOLLEN OPTIC DISC
SWOLLEN OPTIC DISC

... accelerating visual recovery only and it does not affect visual outcomes after one year. The ONTT also determined that the use of oral prednisone in routinely prescribed doses (1 mg/kg per day) alone for 14 days is contraindicated and was associated with increased risk of reoccurrence. Patients rece ...
UNDERSTANDING Tremor in the Elderly
UNDERSTANDING Tremor in the Elderly

... which are effective for tremor in younger patients, are usually contraindicated in the elderly due to side-effects such as increased confusion, urinary retention, blurred vision, etc. Levodopa (usually given in combination with a decarboxylase inhibitor) often modulates the tremor in PD in addition ...
Maintenance Intravenous Fluids in Acutely Ill Patients
Maintenance Intravenous Fluids in Acutely Ill Patients

... called for the establishment of and adherence to guidelines for administration of fluid. Similar patient-safety warnings have not, however, been issued for adults. Patients with hospital-acquired hyponatremia are at particular risk for the development of hyponatremic encephalopathy, which usually de ...
Alternative Clinics (Metabolic Therapy)
Alternative Clinics (Metabolic Therapy)

... Oasis of Hope Hospital - also known as Contreras Clinic is in Tijuana Mexico. (note: Gerson Center now operates out of its own clinic.) They are currently the only facility authorized by The Issel's Foundation to use use the name of Issels and Issels Treatment. They have been treating cancer patient ...
Cutaneous Drug Reactions - Pharmacological Reviews
Cutaneous Drug Reactions - Pharmacological Reviews

... patients in the United States experience CDRs each year. As the frequency of drug ingestion has significantly increased since that date, the anticipated number of patients experiencing such reactions is considerably higher than this previous estimate. Because it has recently been estimated that betw ...
Diagnosis and Management of Ascites
Diagnosis and Management of Ascites

... Vaptans or vasopressin receptor antagonists have been studied in heart failure patients and in patients with cirrhosis. Both intravenous and oral formulations have been studied and have been shown to improve euvolemic and hypervolemic hyponatremia, but hyponatremia recurs when the drug is discontinu ...
Recommendations for the Diagnosis and Treatment of the Acute Porphyrias
Recommendations for the Diagnosis and Treatment of the Acute Porphyrias

Alternative Clinics
Alternative Clinics

... Oasis of Hope Hospital - also known as Contreras Clinic is in Tijuana Mexico. (note: Gerson Center now operates out of its own clinic.) They are currently the only facility authorized by The Issel's Foundation to use use the name of Issels and Issels Treatment. They have been treating cancer patient ...
CHAPTER 19 Lesions of the Spine and Spinal Cord
CHAPTER 19 Lesions of the Spine and Spinal Cord

... forward over the one below then slip back with extension of back. This retrolisthesis accentuates spinal stenosis. In conjunction with multiple root problems, these patients also experience curious symptom called lumbar claudication. When walking or standing for long time, they begin to develop pain ...
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Treatment
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Treatment

... Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a breathing disorder that is defined by either a decrease or complete cessation of airflow during sleep. In OSA, airflow is obstructed when the muscles in the back of the throat fail to keep the airway open. Nocturnal respiration in patients with OSA is characterized ...
Comparison of Inhalation of Isopropyl Alcohol vs Promethazine in
Comparison of Inhalation of Isopropyl Alcohol vs Promethazine in

... action (within 3-5 minutes) and a relatively long duration of efficacy (approximately 2-6 hours).8 However, unlike ondansetron, which has minimal side effects, promethazine is commonly associated with sedation, dry mouth, and, in rare cases, hypotension.8,13 Despite these side effects, many practit ...
Omnibus Codes - UnitedHealthcareOnline.com
Omnibus Codes - UnitedHealthcareOnline.com

... This Medical Policy provides assistance in interpreting UnitedHealthcare benefit plans. When deciding coverage, the member specific benefit plan document must be referenced. The terms of the member specific benefit plan document [e.g., Certificate of Coverage (COC), Schedule of Benefits (SOB), and/o ...
CMS Manual System Pub 100-03 Medicare National Coverage Determinations
CMS Manual System Pub 100-03 Medicare National Coverage Determinations

Taking a close look at optic-nerve meningioma
Taking a close look at optic-nerve meningioma

... and intraorbital spread and recurrence have been associated with this approach.1 Optic-canal decompression has been proposed for certain intracanalicular tumors, again in an attempt to temporize and maintain vision by reducing compression without tumor removal. Very little long-term follow-up data a ...
PL 08081/0050-2 - Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory
PL 08081/0050-2 - Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory

... Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate is the l-lysine conjugate of d-amfetamine (dexamfetamine), a well established centrally acting non-catecholamine sympathomimetic amine. It is a pharmacologically inactive pro-drug. The stimulant activity of d-amfetamine appears to relate to blockade of norepinephrine and ...
Management of Dyspnea at the End of Life: Relief for Patients and
Management of Dyspnea at the End of Life: Relief for Patients and

... be extended to terminally ill patients with cancer or multiple organ failure, for example. Functional scales that describe the occurrence of dyspnea based on activity are useful: Level 1 is no dyspnea; Level 2 is dyspnea on vigorous exertion such as climbing stairs; Level 3 is dyspnea with routine a ...
A Red, Scaly Rash: How to Recognize and Treat Psoriasis CASE-BASED REVIEW
A Red, Scaly Rash: How to Recognize and Treat Psoriasis CASE-BASED REVIEW

Drug-Induced Hematologic Disorders
Drug-Induced Hematologic Disorders

... the development of aplastic anemia. Many of these agents have the ability to suppress one or more cell lines in a reversible manner. The degree of suppression and the cell line involved depend on the nature of the particular drug and its potential for inhibiting marrow proliferation. Certain chemica ...
NovoSeven RT
NovoSeven RT

... 70-90 mcg/kg every Until hemostasis patient 2-3 hours is achieved Glanzmann’s Thrombasthenia Congenital Factor VII Deficiency 15-30 mcg/kg every Until hemostasis 4-6 hours is achieved ...
Neurobehavioral Toxicology - Boston University Medical Campus
Neurobehavioral Toxicology - Boston University Medical Campus

... conditions (e.g., posttraumatic stress disorder, bipolar disorder), neurological diseases (e.g., multiple sclerosis, cerebrovascular disease, primary progressive dementia, parkinsonism), and the exposure to ethanol, medications, and illegal drugs, the test battery must allow for consideration of the ...
Unmasking tuberculosis in the era of antiretroviral treatment PERSPECTIVE
Unmasking tuberculosis in the era of antiretroviral treatment PERSPECTIVE

... Table 2 shows the incidence of TB occurring during cART and shortly after cART initiation in various studies, conducted both in high- and low-income settings. The introduction of cART has dramatically reduced TB incidence among the resident HIV-infected population of high-income countries. The incid ...
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Management of multiple sclerosis



Several therapies for multiple sclerosis (MS) exist, although there is no known cure. Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease that affects the central nervous system (CNS).The most common initial course of the disease is the relapsing-remitting subtype, which is characterized by unpredictable attacks (relapses) followed by periods of relative remission with no new signs of disease activity. After some years, many of the people who have this subtype begin to experience neurologic decline without acute relapses. When this happens it is called secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Other, less common, courses of the disease are the primary progressive (decline from the beginning without attacks) and the progressive-relapsing (steady neurologic decline and superimposed attacks). Different therapies are used for patients experiencing acute attacks, for patients who have the relapsing-remitting subtype, for patients who have the progressive subtypes, for patients without a diagnosis of MS who have a demyelinating event, and for managing the various consequences of MS.The primary aims of therapy are returning function after an attack, preventing new attacks, and preventing disability. As with any medical treatment, medications used in the management of MS may have several adverse effects, and many possible therapies are still under investigation. At the same time different alternative treatments are pursued by many patients, despite the paucity of supporting, comparable, replicated scientific study.This article focuses on therapies for standard MS; borderline forms of MS have particular treatments that are excluded.
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