• Study Resource
  • Explore
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Logics for Intelligent Agents and Multi
Logics for Intelligent Agents and Multi

... Alan Turing was one of the founding fathers of this discipline: he wrote his famous article “Computing Machinery and Intelligence" [116] where he tries to answer the question "Can machines think?" and subsequently proposes an imitation game as a test for intelligence for a machine (later called the ...
Michael Arbib and Laurent Itti: CS564
Michael Arbib and Laurent Itti: CS564

... The aspect of real training that corresponds most closely to the supervised learning paradigm is the trainer's role in telling or showing the learner what to do, or explicitly guiding his or her movements. When motor skills are acquired without the help of an explicit teacher or trainer, learning fe ...
Wollowski, M., Selkowitz, R., Brown, L., Goel, A
Wollowski, M., Selkowitz, R., Brown, L., Goel, A

... respondents (43%) teach at institutions that offer a bachelor’s degree as the highest CS degree. About a fifth (19%) offer a master’s degree and about a third (30%) are from CS Ph.D. granting institutions. As such, we have a balanced mix of participants from across the spectrum of primarily teaching ...
A Survey of Current Practice and Teaching of AI
A Survey of Current Practice and Teaching of AI

... would like to teach. The survey suggested an apparent disparity between what is taught in many AI courses and what many AI colleagues would like to teach. We decided to study this issue by conducting surveys of both educators and practitioners. There have been at least two events in the past twenty ...
Revisiting Turing and His Test
Revisiting Turing and His Test

Soft Computing and its Applications
Soft Computing and its Applications

... that lends itself to implementation in systems ranging from simple, small, embedded micro-controllers to large, networked, multi-channel PC or workstationbased data acquisition and control systems. It can be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of both. FL provides a simple way to arr ...
Madagascar: Scalable Planning with SAT
Madagascar: Scalable Planning with SAT

... until a satisfiable formula is found. This strategy is asymptotically optimal if the t parameter corresponds to the plan quality measure to be minimized, as it would with sequential plan encodings that allow at most one action at a time. However, for the parallel ∃-step and ∀-step plans optimality o ...
Fuzzy Logic and its Applications in Medicine
Fuzzy Logic and its Applications in Medicine

... • Most of the rules in DoctorMoon were provided by doctors in the Vietnam National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (VNITLD). We listed all the popular lung disease symptoms (about 30 symptoms) and sorted them by their importance. This importance was determined by the doctors, and relate ...
Survey on Heuristic Search Techniques to Solve Artificial
Survey on Heuristic Search Techniques to Solve Artificial

... Artificial intelligence can be defined as the study and design of intelligent agents, where the intelligent agent is a system that observes its environment and it takes action so that the chances of success can be maximized. Artificial intelligence is the intelligence which is shown by the machines ...
Background to Qualitative Decision Theory
Background to Qualitative Decision Theory

... [1976]), the possibility of estimating the outcomes of actions (especially over long periods of times), and the possibility of defining a legitimate measure of group welfare (especially in the context of actions that can change the membership of the group whose welfare is at stake). The issues that ...
Advanced Research into AI Ising Computer (PDF format, 212KB)
Advanced Research into AI Ising Computer (PDF format, 212KB)

... natural tendency to converge. This convergence is implemented using a CMOS circuit. In addition to demonstrating its ability to solve combinatorial optimization problems and operate at 100 MHz, the prototype chip has been demonstrated to consume approximately 1,800 times less power to obtain the sol ...
What Consumers Really Think About AI: A Global
What Consumers Really Think About AI: A Global

... Demystifying AI and making it real So, what does all this mean for businesses? To find out, let’s look back at the first data point in this report. It showed that only 35 percent of respondents are comfortable with businesses using AI to interact with them – that’s only one in three people. ...
Coevolutionary Construction of Features for Transformation of
Coevolutionary Construction of Features for Transformation of

... inappropriate representation of the external world may seriously limit the performance of an intelligent agent, whereas a carefully designed one can significantly improve its operation. This principle affects in particular machine learning (ML), a branch of artificial intelligence dealing with autom ...
Transmission System Planning in Competitive and
Transmission System Planning in Competitive and

... The most common form of an expert system is a computer program with the set of rules that analyzes information about a specific class of problems and recommends one or more courses of user action. The expert system also provides mathematical analysis of the problem. It utilizes the reasoning capabil ...
Reply to Touretzky and Pomerleau
Reply to Touretzky and Pomerleau

... arbitrary with respect to the objects they designate, but they do not necessarily need to be so. In our definition of symbols, as patterns that denote, we of course include recursively composed symbol structures, for these are also patterns that denote. This inclusion is explicit in the usual defini ...
How to be creative
How to be creative

... Creativity is referred to the act of producing new and novel ideas. While innovation is referred to the act of producing a new and novel idea and the idea is applied in some specific context. ...
Learning in multi-agent systems
Learning in multi-agent systems

... explanation-based learning (EBL) and inductive logic programming (ILP) are suitable tools for overcoming the limitations of reactive learning systems. EBL (Carbonell et al., 1990) has been widely used in artificial intelligence to speed up the performance of planners. Generally speaking, the agents ...
Artificial Intelligence, Ontologies, and Common Sense
Artificial Intelligence, Ontologies, and Common Sense

... • Rockefeller-sponsored Institute at Dartmouth College, Summer 1956 – John McCarthy, Dartmouth (->MIT->Stanford) – Marvin Minsky, MIT (geometry) – Herbert Simon, CMU (logic) – Allen Newell, CMU (logic) – Arthur Samuel, IBM (checkers) – Alex Bernstein, IBM (chess) – Nathan Rochester, IBM (neural netw ...
Prolegomena to any future artificial moral agent
Prolegomena to any future artificial moral agent

... In both ethical theory and day-to-day talk about ethics, people disagree about the morality of various actions. Kant claimed that it is always immoral to lie, no matter what the consequences (although Singer argues that Kant’s own principles do not entail this conclusion). A utilitarian would deny i ...
Engineering Note
Engineering Note

... adding a new step from the domain theory, or reusing a step already in the plan. An unsafe link is handled by the promotion, demotion, or separation (when lifted actions are used) operations, or by confrontation (Penberthy & Weld, 1992). All of these techniques are part of the Vhpop implementation. ...
Chapter 4 Diagnostic Expert Systems: From Expert`s Knowledge to
Chapter 4 Diagnostic Expert Systems: From Expert`s Knowledge to

... Expert systems found broad application in fault diagnosis from their early stages because an expert system simulates human reasoning about a problem domain, performs reasoning over representations of human knowledge and solves problems using heuristic knowledge rather than precisely formulated relat ...
Multi-Agent System
Multi-Agent System

... • Linguistics ...
CSE 5290: Artificial Intelligence
CSE 5290: Artificial Intelligence

... No real efforts were made to optimise the separate algorithms; indeed, our position was that the combination was that the combination approach should, if anything, compensate for their imperfections. In this paper, we report results obtained when three individual algorithms all achieve high degree o ...
TEMPORAL LOGIC
TEMPORAL LOGIC

... Symbolic logic generally supports the reasoning with propositions, i.e., with statements to be evaluated to true or false. Temporal logic is a special branch of symbolic logic focussing on propositions whose truth values depend on time. That contrasts with the classical logic point of view where the ...
Anthony Chang - Artificial Nerual Networks in Protein Secondary Structure Predictions
Anthony Chang - Artificial Nerual Networks in Protein Secondary Structure Predictions

... In a feed-forward neural network architecture, a unit will receive input from several nodes or neurons belonging to another layer. These highly interconnected neurons therefore form an infrastructure (similar to the biological central nervous system) that is capable of learning by successfully perfo ...
< 1 ... 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 ... 241 >

History of artificial intelligence

The history of artificial intelligence (AI) began in antiquity, with myths, stories and rumors of artificial beings endowed with intelligence or consciousness by master craftsmen; as Pamela McCorduck writes, AI began with ""an ancient wish to forge the gods.""The seeds of modern AI were planted by classical philosophers who attempted to describe the process of human thinking as the mechanical manipulation of symbols. This work culminated in the invention of the programmable digital computer in the 1940s, a machine based on the abstract essence of mathematical reasoning. This device and the ideas behind it inspired a handful of scientists to begin seriously discussing the possibility of building an electronic brain.The field of AI research was founded at a conference on the campus of Dartmouth College in the summer of 1956. Those who attended would become the leaders of AI research for decades. Many of them predicted that a machine as intelligent as a human being would exist in no more than a generation and they were given millions of dollars to make this vision come true. Eventually it became obvious that they had grossly underestimated the difficulty of the project. In 1973, in response to the criticism of James Lighthill and ongoing pressure from congress, the U.S. and British Governments stopped funding undirected research into artificial intelligence. Seven years later, a visionary initiative by the Japanese Government inspired governments and industry to provide AI with billions of dollars, but by the late 80s the investors became disillusioned and withdrew funding again. This cycle of boom and bust, of ""AI winters"" and summers, continues to haunt the field. Undaunted, there are those who make extraordinary predictions even now.Progress in AI has continued, despite the rise and fall of its reputation in the eyes of government bureaucrats and venture capitalists. Problems that had begun to seem impossible in 1970 have been solved and the solutions are now used in successful commercial products. However, no machine has been built with a human level of intelligence, contrary to the optimistic predictions of the first generation of AI researchers. ""We can only see a short distance ahead,"" admitted Alan Turing, in a famous 1950 paper that catalyzed the modern search for machines that think. ""But,"" he added, ""we can see much that must be done.""
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report