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The Open Mind Common Sense Project
The Open Mind Common Sense Project

Sztuczna inteligencja - mity i rzeczywistość
Sztuczna inteligencja - mity i rzeczywistość

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... Medical software tools began to emerge during the 1980's, some became known as 'expert systems'. In contrast to conventional software which process data, expert systems process 'knowledge'. For this reason, expert systems are also called ‘Knowledge Based Systems' (KBS). The most well known medical e ...
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... Pankaj Mehra, Lokendra Shastri, and Vikas Agrawal organized this workshop. This summary was written by Vikas Agrawal and Lokendra Shastri. The papers of the workshop were published as AAAI Press Technical Report WS-13-05. ...
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... The diagram, that can be interpreted as a new representation of the reality, points out the relations among the three actors and, more precisely, their interactions. Man interacts with the world by means of sense-organs (such as: eyes, ears, ...) and of activeorgans (such as: arm, leg, hand, ...), t ...
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History of artificial intelligence

The history of artificial intelligence (AI) began in antiquity, with myths, stories and rumors of artificial beings endowed with intelligence or consciousness by master craftsmen; as Pamela McCorduck writes, AI began with ""an ancient wish to forge the gods.""The seeds of modern AI were planted by classical philosophers who attempted to describe the process of human thinking as the mechanical manipulation of symbols. This work culminated in the invention of the programmable digital computer in the 1940s, a machine based on the abstract essence of mathematical reasoning. This device and the ideas behind it inspired a handful of scientists to begin seriously discussing the possibility of building an electronic brain.The field of AI research was founded at a conference on the campus of Dartmouth College in the summer of 1956. Those who attended would become the leaders of AI research for decades. Many of them predicted that a machine as intelligent as a human being would exist in no more than a generation and they were given millions of dollars to make this vision come true. Eventually it became obvious that they had grossly underestimated the difficulty of the project. In 1973, in response to the criticism of James Lighthill and ongoing pressure from congress, the U.S. and British Governments stopped funding undirected research into artificial intelligence. Seven years later, a visionary initiative by the Japanese Government inspired governments and industry to provide AI with billions of dollars, but by the late 80s the investors became disillusioned and withdrew funding again. This cycle of boom and bust, of ""AI winters"" and summers, continues to haunt the field. Undaunted, there are those who make extraordinary predictions even now.Progress in AI has continued, despite the rise and fall of its reputation in the eyes of government bureaucrats and venture capitalists. Problems that had begun to seem impossible in 1970 have been solved and the solutions are now used in successful commercial products. However, no machine has been built with a human level of intelligence, contrary to the optimistic predictions of the first generation of AI researchers. ""We can only see a short distance ahead,"" admitted Alan Turing, in a famous 1950 paper that catalyzed the modern search for machines that think. ""But,"" he added, ""we can see much that must be done.""
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