1 Path Integrals and Their Application to Dissipative Quantum Systems
... The coupling of a system to its environment is a recurrent subject in this collection of lecture notes. The consequences of such a coupling are threefold. First of all, energy may irreversibly be transferred from the system to the environment thereby giving rise to the phenomenon of dissipation. In ...
... The coupling of a system to its environment is a recurrent subject in this collection of lecture notes. The consequences of such a coupling are threefold. First of all, energy may irreversibly be transferred from the system to the environment thereby giving rise to the phenomenon of dissipation. In ...
6 What Causes Superconductivity?
... lead isotopes. Later experiments made by others, again using lead, were also unable to detect an effect of atomic mass on transition temperature Tc. However with the development of nuclear reactors after World War II, it became possible to make artificial isotopes in sizeable quantities and in turn ...
... lead isotopes. Later experiments made by others, again using lead, were also unable to detect an effect of atomic mass on transition temperature Tc. However with the development of nuclear reactors after World War II, it became possible to make artificial isotopes in sizeable quantities and in turn ...
Manifestly Covariant Functional Measures for Quantum Field Theory
... where the additional factor of g 1/4 arises from the difference between equations (9) and (10). Equation (21) is equation (11) without the factor of (g 00 )1/2 = 1/N. Since physical states must be distributed in physical distances not coordinate distances equation (19) which is equivalent to equatio ...
... where the additional factor of g 1/4 arises from the difference between equations (9) and (10). Equation (21) is equation (11) without the factor of (g 00 )1/2 = 1/N. Since physical states must be distributed in physical distances not coordinate distances equation (19) which is equivalent to equatio ...
Carbon nanotubes in electric and magnetic fields
... the electronic spin via the SOI. However, this coupling comprises an additional sublattice coupling that is absent in semiconductor setups. It causes a significant momentum dependence of the resonant Rabi frequency of the EDSR experiment. The further application of a static electric field, perpendic ...
... the electronic spin via the SOI. However, this coupling comprises an additional sublattice coupling that is absent in semiconductor setups. It causes a significant momentum dependence of the resonant Rabi frequency of the EDSR experiment. The further application of a static electric field, perpendic ...
Tachyon Tube and Supertube
... meaning that V (T ) is still of order β. Since we are taking the limit of β → 0, this allows us to use the approximate formula Σ0 in place of Σ. Within this half period, assuming that the latter is finite, Σ(r) reduces to Z ...
... meaning that V (T ) is still of order β. Since we are taking the limit of β → 0, this allows us to use the approximate formula Σ0 in place of Σ. Within this half period, assuming that the latter is finite, Σ(r) reduces to Z ...
On classification of scientific revolutions
... know, that they belong to different aspects of the disciplinary matrix. The idea, that there may be different kinds of scientific revolutions offers another solution to the problem of the vagueness of the concept of paradigm. We believe, that the vagueness of this concept is the consequence of the ...
... know, that they belong to different aspects of the disciplinary matrix. The idea, that there may be different kinds of scientific revolutions offers another solution to the problem of the vagueness of the concept of paradigm. We believe, that the vagueness of this concept is the consequence of the ...
Welcome to A-level Physics - Reigate Grammar School
... between divisions (this is clearly not possible with digital instrument anyway). Hence, the uncertainty cannot be less than ½ the smallest division of the instrument being used, and is recommended it be taken to be ± the smallest division. In some cases, however, it will be larger than this due to o ...
... between divisions (this is clearly not possible with digital instrument anyway). Hence, the uncertainty cannot be less than ½ the smallest division of the instrument being used, and is recommended it be taken to be ± the smallest division. In some cases, however, it will be larger than this due to o ...
Renormalization
In quantum field theory, the statistical mechanics of fields, and the theory of self-similar geometric structures, renormalization is any of a collection of techniques used to treat infinities arising in calculated quantities.Renormalization specifies relationships between parameters in the theory when the parameters describing large distance scales differ from the parameters describing small distances. Physically, the pileup of contributions from an infinity of scales involved in a problem may then result in infinities. When describing space and time as a continuum, certain statistical and quantum mechanical constructions are ill defined. To define them, this continuum limit, the removal of the ""construction scaffolding"" of lattices at various scales, has to be taken carefully, as detailed below.Renormalization was first developed in quantum electrodynamics (QED) to make sense of infinite integrals in perturbation theory. Initially viewed as a suspect provisional procedure even by some of its originators, renormalization eventually was embraced as an important and self-consistent actual mechanism of scale physics in several fields of physics and mathematics. Today, the point of view has shifted: on the basis of the breakthrough renormalization group insights of Kenneth Wilson, the focus is on variation of physical quantities across contiguous scales, while distant scales are related to each other through ""effective"" descriptions. All scales are linked in a broadly systematic way, and the actual physics pertinent to each is extracted with the suitable specific computational techniques appropriate for each.