WAVES, LIGHT AND SOUND, ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM,
... glass/air, air/water, and water/air boundaries. - know that when light enters glass it slows & is bent in towards the normal (when it goes out of glass it bends out away from normal. - use a wave model to explain refraction of light at a plane surface using simple plane wavefront diagrams. - describ ...
... glass/air, air/water, and water/air boundaries. - know that when light enters glass it slows & is bent in towards the normal (when it goes out of glass it bends out away from normal. - use a wave model to explain refraction of light at a plane surface using simple plane wavefront diagrams. - describ ...
4/10/2006 Chapter 37 Lasers, a Model Atom and Zero Point Energy
... Chapter 37 Lasers, a Model Atom and Zero Point Energy We have discussed de Broglie’s (correct) hypothesis that objects have a wave nature when they are traveling. In the 1920’s this wave model for objects in motion was put onto a solid theoretical foundation with the development of the Schrodinger W ...
... Chapter 37 Lasers, a Model Atom and Zero Point Energy We have discussed de Broglie’s (correct) hypothesis that objects have a wave nature when they are traveling. In the 1920’s this wave model for objects in motion was put onto a solid theoretical foundation with the development of the Schrodinger W ...
muddiest points Week 1
... in a circuit when they hit a resistance and how this produces the difference in potential (voltage) across the component. I thought the electrons were slowed or "held up" by the resistance, but in this case how is the current the same (in series) after the component slows the electrons? The internet ...
... in a circuit when they hit a resistance and how this produces the difference in potential (voltage) across the component. I thought the electrons were slowed or "held up" by the resistance, but in this case how is the current the same (in series) after the component slows the electrons? The internet ...
Electrochemistry
... The cations (positive ions) move towards the cathode (negative electrode). The cations gain electrons from the cathode forming atoms. The cations undergo reduction and have also been discharged: ...
... The cations (positive ions) move towards the cathode (negative electrode). The cations gain electrons from the cathode forming atoms. The cations undergo reduction and have also been discharged: ...
Electric Components
... If a small voltage is applied to the base (enough to remove the depletion layer in the lower junction), current flows from emitter to base like a normal diode. Once current is flowing, it sweeps straight through the very thin base region and into the collector: The transistor is now conducting throu ...
... If a small voltage is applied to the base (enough to remove the depletion layer in the lower junction), current flows from emitter to base like a normal diode. Once current is flowing, it sweeps straight through the very thin base region and into the collector: The transistor is now conducting throu ...
ATOMIC EXCITATION POTENTIALS
... reach the collector electrode in greater numbers. If one were to measure the current from the electrode as a function of accelerating potential, therefore, one would expect to obtain something like Figure 3. The separation of minima should be equal to the excitation potential (why?). Note that if V. ...
... reach the collector electrode in greater numbers. If one were to measure the current from the electrode as a function of accelerating potential, therefore, one would expect to obtain something like Figure 3. The separation of minima should be equal to the excitation potential (why?). Note that if V. ...
Forward bias
... Since the Emitter-Base junction is a PN diode we can expect to see a current when we apply forward voltages of this sort of size. In practice with a Bipolar transistor made using Silicon we can expect to have to use an Emitter-Base voltage in the range from around a half volt up to almost one volt. ...
... Since the Emitter-Base junction is a PN diode we can expect to see a current when we apply forward voltages of this sort of size. In practice with a Bipolar transistor made using Silicon we can expect to have to use an Emitter-Base voltage in the range from around a half volt up to almost one volt. ...
Photomultiplier
Photomultiplier tubes (photomultipliers or PMTs for short), members of the class of vacuum tubes, and more specifically vacuum phototubes, are extremely sensitive detectors of light in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum. These detectors multiply the current produced by incident light by as much as 100 million times (i.e., 160 dB), in multiple dynode stages, enabling (for example) individual photons to be detected when the incident flux of light is very low. Unlike most vacuum tubes, they are not obsolete.The combination of high gain, low noise, high frequency response or, equivalently, ultra-fast response, and large area of collection has maintained photomultipliers an essential place in nuclear and particle physics, astronomy, medical diagnostics including blood tests, medical imaging, motion picture film scanning (telecine), radar jamming, and high-end image scanners known as drum scanners. Elements of photomultiplier technology, when integrated differently, are the basis of night vision devices.Semiconductor devices, particularly avalanche photodiodes, are alternatives to photomultipliers; however, photomultipliers are uniquely well-suited for applications requiring low-noise, high-sensitivity detection of light that is imperfectly collimated.