grammaticalization and the semantic
... which lexical items lose their semantic features and/or formal markings to serve grammatical functions. The beginnings of this process are found in Proto-Germanic, where fully lexical, stative verbs become partially grammaticalized (yet still lexical) deontic modals in Old English and Old High Germa ...
... which lexical items lose their semantic features and/or formal markings to serve grammatical functions. The beginnings of this process are found in Proto-Germanic, where fully lexical, stative verbs become partially grammaticalized (yet still lexical) deontic modals in Old English and Old High Germa ...
Interlingua based English-Hindi Machine
... while CETA (Vauquois 1975), (Carbonell and Tomita 1987), KBMT (Nirenburg et. al. 1992), TRANSLATOR (Nirenburg et al. 1987), PIVOT (Muraki 1987) and ATLAS (Uchida 1989) are the examples of the latter. The UNL falls into the latter category. (Dorr 1993) describes how language divergences can be handle ...
... while CETA (Vauquois 1975), (Carbonell and Tomita 1987), KBMT (Nirenburg et. al. 1992), TRANSLATOR (Nirenburg et al. 1987), PIVOT (Muraki 1987) and ATLAS (Uchida 1989) are the examples of the latter. The UNL falls into the latter category. (Dorr 1993) describes how language divergences can be handle ...
Temporal information extraction for temporal question answering
... application domain of our investigation. (To be consistent with the terminology used in the scientific community of ‘information systems’ and ‘question answering’, we use “eventuality” only as a technical term, and prefer “event domain” to “eventuality domain”.) The core temporal property of events ...
... application domain of our investigation. (To be consistent with the terminology used in the scientific community of ‘information systems’ and ‘question answering’, we use “eventuality” only as a technical term, and prefer “event domain” to “eventuality domain”.) The core temporal property of events ...
ARCHIVEr JUN 30 1975
... questions formed from sentences involving only direct discourse verbs demonstrate that unbounded leftward movement also occurs in Navajo, although it is a SOV COMP-final language, challenging claims that movement must be to COMP position. I claim that the different syntactic forms associated with th ...
... questions formed from sentences involving only direct discourse verbs demonstrate that unbounded leftward movement also occurs in Navajo, although it is a SOV COMP-final language, challenging claims that movement must be to COMP position. I claim that the different syntactic forms associated with th ...
Uses of ter- in Malay: A corpus-based study
... Austronesian languages (cf. Wouk and Ross, 2002), this study identifies these two based on a semantic reading (i.e., whether an active or a passive interpretation is possible). This paper follows the convention used in Bambang Kaswanti (1988), who compares the active men- with the passive di- in Ind ...
... Austronesian languages (cf. Wouk and Ross, 2002), this study identifies these two based on a semantic reading (i.e., whether an active or a passive interpretation is possible). This paper follows the convention used in Bambang Kaswanti (1988), who compares the active men- with the passive di- in Ind ...
Savchenko-master - DUO
... This research originated from the observation that cognates of even closely related languages such as Norwegian and English are far from stable in translation across the languages. The existence of close formal and semantic correspondences, such as from and fra, might give one the feeling that these ...
... This research originated from the observation that cognates of even closely related languages such as Norwegian and English are far from stable in translation across the languages. The existence of close formal and semantic correspondences, such as from and fra, might give one the feeling that these ...
Types and Meaning Composition
... In our analysis of sentence (3.1), we have been using three denotations: an entity, a characteristic function and a truth-value. Each of these denotations has a different ‘nature’, which we distinguish by letting each of them come from a different domain. In Chapter 2, we already let every model M c ...
... In our analysis of sentence (3.1), we have been using three denotations: an entity, a characteristic function and a truth-value. Each of these denotations has a different ‘nature’, which we distinguish by letting each of them come from a different domain. In Chapter 2, we already let every model M c ...
Grammar Practice Book - Methacton School District
... this publication in classroom quantities for instructional use and not for resale. Requests for information on other matters regarding duplication of this work should be addressed to School Permissions and Copyrights, Harcourt, Inc., 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, Florida 32887-6777. ...
... this publication in classroom quantities for instructional use and not for resale. Requests for information on other matters regarding duplication of this work should be addressed to School Permissions and Copyrights, Harcourt, Inc., 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, Florida 32887-6777. ...
On Sinn and Bedeutung - University of Roehampton
... without further ado, of the Moon as an object; but how do you know that the name "the Moon" has any Bedeutung? How do you know that anything whatsoever has a Bedeutung?' I reply that when we say 'the Moon', we do not intend to speak of our idea of the Moon, nor are we satisfied with the sense alone, ...
... without further ado, of the Moon as an object; but how do you know that the name "the Moon" has any Bedeutung? How do you know that anything whatsoever has a Bedeutung?' I reply that when we say 'the Moon', we do not intend to speak of our idea of the Moon, nor are we satisfied with the sense alone, ...
Word - State of New Jersey
... Read and analyze connections and distinctions between individuals, ideas and events in informational texts within grades 7-8 complexity level using expanded and some complex sentences with a variety of grammatical structures and contentbased vocabulary. Comparison-Contrast Chart / T-chart / Venn dia ...
... Read and analyze connections and distinctions between individuals, ideas and events in informational texts within grades 7-8 complexity level using expanded and some complex sentences with a variety of grammatical structures and contentbased vocabulary. Comparison-Contrast Chart / T-chart / Venn dia ...
On Sinn and Bedeutung
... without further ado, of the Moon as an object; but how do you know that the name "the Moon'' has any Bedeutung? How do you know that anything whatsoever has a Bedeutung?' I reply that when we say 'the Moon', we do not intend to speak of our idea of the Moon, nor are we satisfied with the sense alone ...
... without further ado, of the Moon as an object; but how do you know that the name "the Moon'' has any Bedeutung? How do you know that anything whatsoever has a Bedeutung?' I reply that when we say 'the Moon', we do not intend to speak of our idea of the Moon, nor are we satisfied with the sense alone ...
Phrases
... If you do not need the phrase to make the meaning clear, and changing the appositive does not affect the basic point of the sentence, it is an nonessential appositive and requires commas. ...
... If you do not need the phrase to make the meaning clear, and changing the appositive does not affect the basic point of the sentence, it is an nonessential appositive and requires commas. ...
CAPITALIZATION
... Connect two thoughts with a comma and a conjunction. Peanut butter and banana may sound strange, but it actually tastes great. A coordinate conjunction is a linking word that connects a word to a word, a phrase to a phrase, or a clause to a clause. The words, phrases, or clauses joined by a coordina ...
... Connect two thoughts with a comma and a conjunction. Peanut butter and banana may sound strange, but it actually tastes great. A coordinate conjunction is a linking word that connects a word to a word, a phrase to a phrase, or a clause to a clause. The words, phrases, or clauses joined by a coordina ...
Part 9 English Idioms The English language abounds in idioms like
... native cultures and ideas. Therefore, idioms are colourful, forcible and thought?provoking. Strictly speaking, idioms are expressions that are not readily understandable from their literal meanings of individual elements, for example, fly off the handle (become exc ...
... native cultures and ideas. Therefore, idioms are colourful, forcible and thought?provoking. Strictly speaking, idioms are expressions that are not readily understandable from their literal meanings of individual elements, for example, fly off the handle (become exc ...
the EMNLP 2011 paper - ReVerb
... chooses an extraction’s arguments heuristically, and cannot backtrack over this choice. This is problematic when a word that belongs in the relation phrase is chosen as an argument (for example, deal from the “made a deal with” sentence). Because of the feature sets utilized in previous work, the l ...
... chooses an extraction’s arguments heuristically, and cannot backtrack over this choice. This is problematic when a word that belongs in the relation phrase is chosen as an argument (for example, deal from the “made a deal with” sentence). Because of the feature sets utilized in previous work, the l ...
Identifying Relations for Open Information Extraction
... chooses an extraction’s arguments heuristically, and cannot backtrack over this choice. This is problematic when a word that belongs in the relation phrase is chosen as an argument (for example, deal from the “made a deal with” sentence). Because of the feature sets utilized in previous work, the l ...
... chooses an extraction’s arguments heuristically, and cannot backtrack over this choice. This is problematic when a word that belongs in the relation phrase is chosen as an argument (for example, deal from the “made a deal with” sentence). Because of the feature sets utilized in previous work, the l ...
Coordination with goon and Bisyndetic =goon in Dongolawi and
... Crystal’s definition is restricted to the English language. Other scholars look at the notion of adversativity from a typological perspective and suggest more refined terms and concepts of adversativity. Both, Malchukov and Haspelmath13 begin with a general definition describing adversative coordina ...
... Crystal’s definition is restricted to the English language. Other scholars look at the notion of adversativity from a typological perspective and suggest more refined terms and concepts of adversativity. Both, Malchukov and Haspelmath13 begin with a general definition describing adversative coordina ...
Clause patterns in Modern British English: A corpus
... (1972), although the formalization forced the grammar writers into being more rigid with respect to their descriptive system. In this system a structure is assumed which is based on immediate constituency and which represents the rank scale. Constituents are labelled for their function and category. ...
... (1972), although the formalization forced the grammar writers into being more rigid with respect to their descriptive system. In this system a structure is assumed which is based on immediate constituency and which represents the rank scale. Constituents are labelled for their function and category. ...
Collocation
... went – I go. But apart from the grammatical forms of agreement, the predicative person is directly reflected upon the verb-predicate as such; the very semantics of the person determines the subject reference of the predicative event (action, state, quality) thus the subject unconditionally dominates ...
... went – I go. But apart from the grammatical forms of agreement, the predicative person is directly reflected upon the verb-predicate as such; the very semantics of the person determines the subject reference of the predicative event (action, state, quality) thus the subject unconditionally dominates ...
lexical and structural ambiguity in humorous headlines
... point to differences in genre. Secondly, two new configurations for the processing of the disjunctor/connector order were found. In the first of these configurations the disjunctor appears before the connector, instead of being placed after or coinciding with the ambiguous element, while in the seco ...
... point to differences in genre. Secondly, two new configurations for the processing of the disjunctor/connector order were found. In the first of these configurations the disjunctor appears before the connector, instead of being placed after or coinciding with the ambiguous element, while in the seco ...
Sentence Initial Elements and Subject in Upper Sorbian
... jě-ł ě po puć-u. to.go-PASTP.M.SG on road-SG.LOC V X2 ‘That is, he also went on the road.’ It is generally observed that x1, that is, the sentence-initial element, is often an adverbial phrase, as in (4)–(6). When we consider sentences (1a–f) again, it is natural that the speaker expresses some prag ...
... jě-ł ě po puć-u. to.go-PASTP.M.SG on road-SG.LOC V X2 ‘That is, he also went on the road.’ It is generally observed that x1, that is, the sentence-initial element, is often an adverbial phrase, as in (4)–(6). When we consider sentences (1a–f) again, it is natural that the speaker expresses some prag ...
1 How To: Outlining a Research Paper Note for students: This
... research paper related to air quality. I am providing it here to offer you some guidance on preparing a good outline. It is possible that some of the details will not apply to your paper – for instance, your overall organizational structure might not include a “results”section as Dr Stuart suggests ...
... research paper related to air quality. I am providing it here to offer you some guidance on preparing a good outline. It is possible that some of the details will not apply to your paper – for instance, your overall organizational structure might not include a “results”section as Dr Stuart suggests ...
IBM Research Report Deep Analysis of Biomedical Abstracts
... well as overgeneration. And in the case of shallow parsers there tend to be problems with long-distance relations. However, ESG is a broad-coverage, rule-based parser. It has been measured automatically against the Penn Treebank (PTB), and achieved a score similar to the best statistical parsers, in ...
... well as overgeneration. And in the case of shallow parsers there tend to be problems with long-distance relations. However, ESG is a broad-coverage, rule-based parser. It has been measured automatically against the Penn Treebank (PTB), and achieved a score similar to the best statistical parsers, in ...
The Gerund and the to-Infinitive as Subject
... that holds the infinitive to represent “hypothesis and potentiality,” whereas the -ing form denotes “reification” (which seems to mean the same thing as actualization). Bolinger illustrates the distinction he proposes by means of sentences such as the following: (8a) Can you remember to do that? (8b ...
... that holds the infinitive to represent “hypothesis and potentiality,” whereas the -ing form denotes “reification” (which seems to mean the same thing as actualization). Bolinger illustrates the distinction he proposes by means of sentences such as the following: (8a) Can you remember to do that? (8b ...
Filling Gaps: Decision principles and structure in sentence
... an excellent review). When this early approach to sentence comprehension was abandoned, most psycholinguists turned their attention to other aspects of sentence processing, especially those concerning the base component (e.g., the representation and access of lexical information, the processing of p ...
... an excellent review). When this early approach to sentence comprehension was abandoned, most psycholinguists turned their attention to other aspects of sentence processing, especially those concerning the base component (e.g., the representation and access of lexical information, the processing of p ...