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Plants - Pace University ePortfolio
Plants - Pace University ePortfolio

... Days 1-5: No changes have been made since I made the sponges moist and placed the seeds in between the two sponges. Days 6- 11: The seeds have begun to wrinkle up. Then two seeds began to crack. I moistened the sponges a few times during the five days. A part of one of the outer layer has been peele ...
How Seeds Travel - Project BudBurst
How Seeds Travel - Project BudBurst

... supplies energy and materials for growth until the plant grows its first leaves above the ground. Most plants produce a large number of seeds. This is because so few seeds survive. In order to ensure survival many seeds are modified in various ways so they can be carried away from their parent plant ...
Eldeeb Trading Company
Eldeeb Trading Company

... Onion powder/(slices) Carrot Powder Tomato powder Garlic powder Turmeric DUOM(ONLY IN EGYPT) ...
Beyond pine Cones: An Introduction to Gymnosperms
Beyond pine Cones: An Introduction to Gymnosperms

... can grow partially or fully underground, others have long, straight trunks and can grow quite tall—up to 18 meters (59 feet) in the Australian cycad Lepidozamia hopei. The leaves of cycads are pinnate, with leaflets arrayed in two rows on either side of the rachis. This pinnate leaf form is not foun ...
Gymnosperms
Gymnosperms

... • Include the tallest, most massive, longest living individuals of plants • Slow to reproduce (vs. flowering plants) • Needle or scale-like leaves (megaphylls); often evergreen • Usually no vessel elements in xylem (vs. flowering plants) ...
.. ? \< 4
.. ? \< 4

... 100 per cent germination. With respect to seeds collected in 1983, a good response was obtained with immersion in calcium hypochlorite at 0.4% during 15 minutes, obtaining a 58?40of germination. INTRODUCTION Use of medicinal plants by mankind going back to times before it settled down, and up to our ...
File - White City Garden Club
File - White City Garden Club

... plant until it is planted and germinates, there is a period when it is most fertile. If seeds are too old, their chances of germinating decrease. Most seed packages have a date stamp, indicating how old the seeds are. Usually seeds that are two to three years old will germinate well, but new seeds h ...
Effect of coconut milk and bryophyllum pinnatum extracts on seed
Effect of coconut milk and bryophyllum pinnatum extracts on seed

... A study on the effect of coconut milk and Bryophyllum pinnatum milk extracts on four tree seed species namely: Tamarindus indica, Albizia lebbeck , Parkia biglobossa and Prosopis africana were investigated. The viability test of the seeds was equally carried out using HACH viability test meter. Abou ...
The Woody Plant Seed Manual
The Woody Plant Seed Manual

... and lianas found chiefly in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world (Johnston 1963). There are 7 species native to the United States and Mexico, but none of them are of economic importance (Lyrene 1979). However, 2 exotic species, which are small deciduous trees, have been planted in this ...
Seed Travels- Kindergarten
Seed Travels- Kindergarten

... how to use the hand lens) to look carefully at the seeds you have found. We will now sort the seeds and see how those seeds travel. [Have the group sit in a circle for the explanation] Here are some ways seeds travel: Parachute seeds: Some seeds are parachute seeds. They look like tiny parachutes! L ...
Consortium for Educational Communication
Consortium for Educational Communication

... Cycads, with about 140 species in 11 genera and 2 families, are palmlike plants with trunks and sluggish growth & characterized by large palm-like leaves and large cones. Cycads appeared at least 250 mys ago during Permian and became so numerous in Mesozoic era that this period is often called as ag ...
Evolution of the Seed
Evolution of the Seed

... Dwarf shoots (d s) with ovules (o) and sterile scales (ss) all subtended by a bract (br). ...
Thespesia grandiflora DC.
Thespesia grandiflora DC.

... seeds should be sowed as soon as possible. Viability of T. grandiflora seeds can be extended to almost 4 months by drying to Part II—Species Descriptions • Thespesia grandiflora DC. ...
Taylor-et-al-Zamia-s.. - Cycad Specialist Group
Taylor-et-al-Zamia-s.. - Cycad Specialist Group

... In a paper in which he described two new Zamia species in Costa Rica, Gomez (1982) stated, ‘[f]or a number of years the Costa Rican collections of Zamia L. (Cycadaceae) have been placed either under the names Z. skinneri Warsz. or Z. pseudoparasitica Yates, but it was obvious that several entities w ...
The living cycads - The Arizona Palm and Cycad Association
The living cycads - The Arizona Palm and Cycad Association

... far as we know, Zamia is the only one which is found in South America. Ceratozamia and Dioon, however, are popular decorative plants and would grow in the open throughout most parts of Central America and a large part of South America. It is certain that in some cases Microcycas, Dioon, ...
Chamal (Dioon edule Lindl.) in the State of San Luis Potosí, México
Chamal (Dioon edule Lindl.) in the State of San Luis Potosí, México

... an abundance of Dioon edule plants, as well as a high frequency of use of chamal for food, medicine, and ornamental and trade objects. Planned field routes were traversed in the company of male key informants that were selected on the basis of their knowledge, leadership, and moral influence on thei ...
PESTICIDAL PLANT LEAFLET Tephrosia vogelii Hook. f
PESTICIDAL PLANT LEAFLET Tephrosia vogelii Hook. f

... damage by the bruchids as used by farmers in Southern Africa. For control of weevils (less effective) and grain borer, mix 100-250 g powdered dry leaves to 100 kg of beans or cowpea. Before eating beans, wash thoroughly. Tephrosia vogelii plant extracts were once used as fish poison but now many cou ...
Plant Propagation
Plant Propagation

...  To remember what scarification means just think of the word “scar”, which is what you are doing to the seed  Happens naturally when a bird swallows the seed and then passes it through the digestive system  Not all seeds need scarification. The following website is a good reference www.chestnut-s ...
Growing Sweet Cicely from Seeds
Growing Sweet Cicely from Seeds

... established it persists for many years with little or no care. It tolerates full sun or partial shade, and while it prefers deep, rich, moist soil, it will grow in drier and less fertile soils. Sweet cicely seeds do not remain viable for long. The sooner you start the germination process the better. ...
Only seeds from open-pollinated, not hybrid, plants will produce the
Only seeds from open-pollinated, not hybrid, plants will produce the

... 3) Hang the plants in a cool, dry place if all pods are not dried at the end of the growing season. 4) Open pods by hand for small amounts of seed. Pods that do not open when rubbed between hands can be pounded with hammer or mallet. 5) Gently remove any remaining fluff from seeds. 6) Put seeds into ...
The Green Machine
The Green Machine

... and Mossamedes deserts of southwestern Africa. It is rather strange in appearance, possessing a long taproot along with a short stem that usually supports two permanent strap-like leaves. Welwitschia mirabilis may live for more than 1,000 years. ...
Population Dynamics of the Zuurberg Cycad and the Predicted
Population Dynamics of the Zuurberg Cycad and the Predicted

... Cycads first appeared about 300 million years ago and historical data indicates that they survived fluctuations of global temperature and carbon dioxide concentrations and reached peak abundance during periods where temperature and carbon dioxide concentrations were much higher than the present cond ...
White clover
White clover

... Plant description Plant: rhizomatous, prostrate perennial with stolons from crown rooting at nodes. Some stolons may be buried. Stems: smooth, hairless. Stipules short, needle-point on bluntish end. Spherical seedhead Leaves: trifoliate, leaflets oval or heart shape may have light crescent mark on u ...
Hopea odorata1
Hopea odorata1

... Native to South-East Asia in India (Andaman Is.), Myanmar, Thailand and Indochina and south to the northern part of Peninsular Malaysia. In most of the area of natural distribution it is found in lowland tropical forests on deep, rich soils up to 300 m altitude and rarely far away from streams. The ...
Plants And Seeds
Plants And Seeds

... the flower begins to die. 2) As the seeds become bigger, a fruit or pod grows around them. 3) The fruit or pod protects the seed. ...
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Cycadales



Cycadales is an order of seed plants that includes all the extant Cycads. These plants typically have a stout and woody (ligneous) trunk with a crown of large, hard and stiff, evergreen leaves. They usually have pinnate leaves. The individual plants are either all male or all female (dioecious). Cycads vary in size from having trunks only a few centimeters to several meters tall. They typically grow very slowly and live very long, with some specimens known to be as much as 1,000 years old. Because of the superficial resemblance, they are sometimes confused with and mistaken for palms or ferns, but are only distantly related to either.Cycadales are found across much of the subtropical and tropical parts of the world. They are found in South and Central America (where the greatest diversity occurs), Mexico, the Antilles, southeastern United States, Australia, Melanesia, Micronesia, Japan, China, Southeast Asia, India, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, and southern and tropical Africa, where at least 65 species occur. Some can survive in harsh semidesert climates (xerophytic), others in wet rain forest conditions, and some in both. Some can grow in sand or even on rock, some in oxygen-poor, swampy, bog-like soils rich in organic material, and some in both. Some are able to grow in full sun, some in full shade, and some in both. Some are salt tolerant (halophytes).Cycadales belong to the biological division Cycadophyta along with the fossil order Medullosales. The three extant families of cycadales are Cycadaceae, Stangeriaceae, and Zamiaceae. Though they are a minor component of the plant kingdom today, during the Jurassic period, they were extremely common. They have changed little since the Jurassic, compared to some major evolutionary changes in other plant divisions.Cycads are gymnosperms (naked seeded), meaning their unfertilized seeds are open to the air to be directly fertilized by pollination, as contrasted with angiosperms, which have enclosed seeds with more complex fertilization arrangements. Cycads have very specialized pollinators, usually a specific species of beetle. They have been reported to fix nitrogen in association with a cyanobacterium living in the roots. These blue-green algae produce a neurotoxin called BMAA that is found in the seeds of cycads. This neurotoxin may enter a human food chain as the cycad seeds may be eaten directly as a source of flour by humans or by wild or feral animals such as bats, and humans may eat these animals. It is hypothesized that this is a source of some neurological diseases in humans.
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