english as a mixed v2 grammar: synchronic word order - Munin
... types, most of them remnants of an earlier V2 grammar. In this paper I point out some of these well-known word order inconsistencies in English and classify it as a mixed V2 language. First and foremost, there is a syntactic requirement for subject-auxiliary inversion in both yes/no-questions and wh ...
... types, most of them remnants of an earlier V2 grammar. In this paper I point out some of these well-known word order inconsistencies in English and classify it as a mixed V2 language. First and foremost, there is a syntactic requirement for subject-auxiliary inversion in both yes/no-questions and wh ...
ÜiÜJ - GAGL
... 1991; Traugott & Heine 1991, and earlier research indicated in these) . There is a debate as to whether this process is reversible, i.e. whether words can lose grammatical function and obtain lexical meaning. I will assume they do and give an example of this. In this paper, I examine three changes t ...
... 1991; Traugott & Heine 1991, and earlier research indicated in these) . There is a debate as to whether this process is reversible, i.e. whether words can lose grammatical function and obtain lexical meaning. I will assume they do and give an example of this. In this paper, I examine three changes t ...
The Cross-Linguistic Function of Obligatory `do
... consequence of other grammatical factors, which are characterized in terms of their functions. There are, however, cases where the ‘do’-element itself encodes functions directly. These will not be included in the present discussion. In its lexical use ‘do’ is transitive as well as active. In some la ...
... consequence of other grammatical factors, which are characterized in terms of their functions. There are, however, cases where the ‘do’-element itself encodes functions directly. These will not be included in the present discussion. In its lexical use ‘do’ is transitive as well as active. In some la ...
CHINESE PASSIVES: TRANSFORMATIONAL OR LEXICAL?*
... It is true that (17b) is transformationally derived from (17c). This transformation can be illustrated by (18). (18) a. e ca ganjing le zhuozi. Somebody wiped the table clean, b. Zhuozi. bei e ca ganjing le [e], . The table was cleaned by somebody. However there is no transformational derivation whi ...
... It is true that (17b) is transformationally derived from (17c). This transformation can be illustrated by (18). (18) a. e ca ganjing le zhuozi. Somebody wiped the table clean, b. Zhuozi. bei e ca ganjing le [e], . The table was cleaned by somebody. However there is no transformational derivation whi ...
Verbal Aspect in French Howard B. Garey Language, Vol. 33, No. 2
... logical or semantic construction, has its origin in the structure of what P I E must have been, to judge from the testimony of the oldest I E languages, especially Greek, Sanskrit, and OCS. Whatever its origin may have been, it has led to a semantic classification which, once started, has shown itse ...
... logical or semantic construction, has its origin in the structure of what P I E must have been, to judge from the testimony of the oldest I E languages, especially Greek, Sanskrit, and OCS. Whatever its origin may have been, it has led to a semantic classification which, once started, has shown itse ...
rhetorical grammar
... passive verbs to avoid assigning responsibility, as in the phrase, “Mistakes were made but not by me.” In this sentence, we don’t know who made the mistakes. ...
... passive verbs to avoid assigning responsibility, as in the phrase, “Mistakes were made but not by me.” In this sentence, we don’t know who made the mistakes. ...
Why Tlingit is not an Athabaskan language: An introduction to Tlingit
... focus phenomena. Gary Holton (p.c. ) confirms this, claiming Eyak is beer described as V-final because “it is rare to have more than one direct argument expressed as a full NP or independent pronoun” – just as with Tlingit – and that other arrangements are used “for particular effect”. We can conc ...
... focus phenomena. Gary Holton (p.c. ) confirms this, claiming Eyak is beer described as V-final because “it is rare to have more than one direct argument expressed as a full NP or independent pronoun” – just as with Tlingit – and that other arrangements are used “for particular effect”. We can conc ...
A Newly Discovered Column in the Hieroglyphic Text on La Mojarra
... translate a single epi-Olmec linguistic unit. A freestanding ? transcribes a morpheme or word whose identity is unknown; parenthesized, it means that such a unit may or may not have been present. A ? preceding a form reflects uncertainty over the meaning or phonological value of the sign whose use i ...
... translate a single epi-Olmec linguistic unit. A freestanding ? transcribes a morpheme or word whose identity is unknown; parenthesized, it means that such a unit may or may not have been present. A ? preceding a form reflects uncertainty over the meaning or phonological value of the sign whose use i ...
the past simple the past continuous tense
... I have read the instructions but I don't understand them. ♦ recent actions in the present perfect often have results in the present: Tom has had a bad car crash. he is probably still in hospital. The lift has broken down. we have to use stairs. I washed the car. it looks lovely. ♦ to talk abou ...
... I have read the instructions but I don't understand them. ♦ recent actions in the present perfect often have results in the present: Tom has had a bad car crash. he is probably still in hospital. The lift has broken down. we have to use stairs. I washed the car. it looks lovely. ♦ to talk abou ...
An account of Lakota verbal affixes in transitive stative verbs
... The main problem concerning the analysis of these forms involving transitive stative verbs lies in the fact that there is hardly any evidence of early stages of development in this language and these examples are extremely rare even in older written sources. This language was first put into written ...
... The main problem concerning the analysis of these forms involving transitive stative verbs lies in the fact that there is hardly any evidence of early stages of development in this language and these examples are extremely rare even in older written sources. This language was first put into written ...
Behavioral and neuroimaging studies on language processing in
... discrepancy might be due to the combined effect of impaired set switching and a grammatical impairment in verb production. The authors suggested that in the verb→noun task, the impact of impaired switching is compensated by the easier noun production, whereas in the no ...
... discrepancy might be due to the combined effect of impaired set switching and a grammatical impairment in verb production. The authors suggested that in the verb→noun task, the impact of impaired switching is compensated by the easier noun production, whereas in the no ...
The UVic Writer`s Guide
... Pronouns agree in gender and number. This rule is not difficult to remember if you are writing about individual people or inanimate objects (where it suffices for everything). However, collective pronouns present more of a problem. Indefinite words such as anyone, anything, someone, everybody and no ...
... Pronouns agree in gender and number. This rule is not difficult to remember if you are writing about individual people or inanimate objects (where it suffices for everything). However, collective pronouns present more of a problem. Indefinite words such as anyone, anything, someone, everybody and no ...
Fever
... B. List the word classes that you were able to identify while filling in the blanks and think of any other part of speech to make a list of word classes in English. ...
... B. List the word classes that you were able to identify while filling in the blanks and think of any other part of speech to make a list of word classes in English. ...
Sentence Fragments
... Gerunds—gerunds are verbals; they are words that come from verbs and end with –ing. Gerunds can function like nouns or subjects in sentences. ...
... Gerunds—gerunds are verbals; they are words that come from verbs and end with –ing. Gerunds can function like nouns or subjects in sentences. ...
Paradigm classification in supervised learning of morphology
... fier that assigns unknown words to the LCS-learned paradigm based on substring features taken from word edges. This holds in particular for languages where paradigmatic behavior is triggered by material in the beginning of a word (e.g. German verbs). We present experiments on 18 datasets in 11 lang ...
... fier that assigns unknown words to the LCS-learned paradigm based on substring features taken from word edges. This holds in particular for languages where paradigmatic behavior is triggered by material in the beginning of a word (e.g. German verbs). We present experiments on 18 datasets in 11 lang ...
Light Nouns and predicative Infinitives
... (13) has the same flavor of redundancy, but this does not affect the grammaticality, in contrast to (10a). Note that the resumptive pronoun in the embedded clause is necessary. This shows that there are two different clauses underlying. In contrast, in Alemannic and Bavarian, an infinitive with the ...
... (13) has the same flavor of redundancy, but this does not affect the grammaticality, in contrast to (10a). Note that the resumptive pronoun in the embedded clause is necessary. This shows that there are two different clauses underlying. In contrast, in Alemannic and Bavarian, an infinitive with the ...
Valency-changing categories in Old Indo Aryan:
... Typology of labile verbs: Focus on diachrony Call for papers The term ‘labile’ refers to verbs or verbal forms which can show valency alternation, i.e. changes in syntactic pattern, with no formal change in the verb. Very often (but not always) the term ‘labile’ is only employed to refer to verbs (o ...
... Typology of labile verbs: Focus on diachrony Call for papers The term ‘labile’ refers to verbs or verbal forms which can show valency alternation, i.e. changes in syntactic pattern, with no formal change in the verb. Very often (but not always) the term ‘labile’ is only employed to refer to verbs (o ...
Humash-Manual-Final
... you where the noun ends – then unfold what is hidden – אהליis האהל שלי. Explain how in the same way that prefixes are letters that come before words, suffixes are letters that come after words – look at the examples of שלך/שלך. Explain that these are belonging to suffixes they explain who t ...
... you where the noun ends – then unfold what is hidden – אהליis האהל שלי. Explain how in the same way that prefixes are letters that come before words, suffixes are letters that come after words – look at the examples of שלך/שלך. Explain that these are belonging to suffixes they explain who t ...
1 Found14Spr Test In some items more than one correct solution is
... -Primary verbs have the full range of verb forms: both finite and non-finite -Modal auxiliaries have abnormal time reference -While lexical verbs choose what semantic type of subject they take, auxiliaries can combine with any semantic type of subject -The object can both precede and follow the part ...
... -Primary verbs have the full range of verb forms: both finite and non-finite -Modal auxiliaries have abnormal time reference -While lexical verbs choose what semantic type of subject they take, auxiliaries can combine with any semantic type of subject -The object can both precede and follow the part ...
Chapter _10
... interpreted as the beginning of a new noun phrase (i.e., which would require an additional node or constituent to be added).The sentence would be interpreted, then, as Erin kissed only Marcie. According to minimal attachment, we prefer the former interpretation ( because it has fewer nodes or consti ...
... interpreted as the beginning of a new noun phrase (i.e., which would require an additional node or constituent to be added).The sentence would be interpreted, then, as Erin kissed only Marcie. According to minimal attachment, we prefer the former interpretation ( because it has fewer nodes or consti ...
A Graph Theoretical Analysis of Certain Aspects of Bahasa Indonesia
... has a discrete mathematical nature, so can be modeled by a knowledge graph, that is called mind graph. The vertices of this graph correspond to somethings, the genus of all concepts. "Something" may be a perception unit, then is represented by a single token but, more generally, will be a complex st ...
... has a discrete mathematical nature, so can be modeled by a knowledge graph, that is called mind graph. The vertices of this graph correspond to somethings, the genus of all concepts. "Something" may be a perception unit, then is represented by a single token but, more generally, will be a complex st ...
function words
... English grammar in one form or another. But here we intend to offer them a new perspective on the subject: one which relates grammatical structure systematically to meaning and use. An Introductory Course: English Grammar does not intend to be a complete review of English grammar but an impressive s ...
... English grammar in one form or another. But here we intend to offer them a new perspective on the subject: one which relates grammatical structure systematically to meaning and use. An Introductory Course: English Grammar does not intend to be a complete review of English grammar but an impressive s ...
No nouns, no verbs? A rejoinder to Panagiotidis David Barner1 and
... could they generate analogously bad cases (e.g., iteration of the n feature, or merger of a determiner head with a nominalizing affix). Second, both syntactic accounts of noun-verb derivation (i.e. lexicalist and non-lexicalist) are able to generate a broad range of acceptable cases, unlike any rul ...
... could they generate analogously bad cases (e.g., iteration of the n feature, or merger of a determiner head with a nominalizing affix). Second, both syntactic accounts of noun-verb derivation (i.e. lexicalist and non-lexicalist) are able to generate a broad range of acceptable cases, unlike any rul ...