Course Description Word File
... The lecture will cover the industrial manufacturing process involved in organic chemical industry. They will cover the industrial energies, industrial gases, industrial water and its treatment,nuclear energy,explosion and explosives, photochemicals, fermentation, agricultural industry, coating and p ...
... The lecture will cover the industrial manufacturing process involved in organic chemical industry. They will cover the industrial energies, industrial gases, industrial water and its treatment,nuclear energy,explosion and explosives, photochemicals, fermentation, agricultural industry, coating and p ...
Polymer in EFKA -4550
... coating (up to 50%) may be lost through overspray. However, the notified polymer will be a component of coating formulations, which will be used in highly automated facilities dedicated to high volume spray application of surface coatings. These facilities are fitted with recirculation pumps and oth ...
... coating (up to 50%) may be lost through overspray. However, the notified polymer will be a component of coating formulations, which will be used in highly automated facilities dedicated to high volume spray application of surface coatings. These facilities are fitted with recirculation pumps and oth ...
Mechanism of hologram formation in fixation-free rehalogenating bleaching processes
... in the thickness of the emulsion layer. Because of these reasons, processing techniques in which holograms are bleached directly after development, without a fixation step, are more adequate. In particular reversal6,7 and fixation-free rehalogenating8 –12 methods have been used during the past decad ...
... in the thickness of the emulsion layer. Because of these reasons, processing techniques in which holograms are bleached directly after development, without a fixation step, are more adequate. In particular reversal6,7 and fixation-free rehalogenating8 –12 methods have been used during the past decad ...
Diapositive 1 - Aptar
... A systematic control of extractables should be performed for the critical components (or the raw material provided that a correlation can be established between the two). The extraction and analytical methods should be based on the controlled extraction studies: •The extraction should be done using ...
... A systematic control of extractables should be performed for the critical components (or the raw material provided that a correlation can be established between the two). The extraction and analytical methods should be based on the controlled extraction studies: •The extraction should be done using ...
Thermodynamics of Micelle Formation
... Understanding micelle behaviour in biological systems is important because the state of aggregation or micelle phase of naturally occurring molecules, drug molecules or added surfactant may influence the biological effects [4]. Many drug molecules have a propensity to aggregate knowing the chemical ...
... Understanding micelle behaviour in biological systems is important because the state of aggregation or micelle phase of naturally occurring molecules, drug molecules or added surfactant may influence the biological effects [4]. Many drug molecules have a propensity to aggregate knowing the chemical ...
SYNTHESIS OF HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT POLY (METHYL
... anionic active center.9 Where living means that chain termination does not occur until the addition of a terminating agent.10 Ideally the growing chain is always reactive and adding additional monomers. Based on the properties above, it has two important features: 1. In the absence of termination an ...
... anionic active center.9 Where living means that chain termination does not occur until the addition of a terminating agent.10 Ideally the growing chain is always reactive and adding additional monomers. Based on the properties above, it has two important features: 1. In the absence of termination an ...
Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of Norbornene by Cp
... in the presence of P(c-Hx)3 and various diazoester cocatalysts.21 Investigations of the catalytic activity of the related (p-cymene)RuCl2(P(c-Hx)3) complex was taken one step further by Stumpf et al., who reported polymerizing functionalized norbornenes and cyclooctenes using (trimethylsilyl)diazome ...
... in the presence of P(c-Hx)3 and various diazoester cocatalysts.21 Investigations of the catalytic activity of the related (p-cymene)RuCl2(P(c-Hx)3) complex was taken one step further by Stumpf et al., who reported polymerizing functionalized norbornenes and cyclooctenes using (trimethylsilyl)diazome ...
Synthetic Polymers
... as condensation polymerization or step growth polymerization. Much of the pioneering work on condensation polymerization was conducted by Wallace Carothers while he was employed by DuPont. He recognized that many natural polymers are formed from monomers with two reactive functional groups. For exam ...
... as condensation polymerization or step growth polymerization. Much of the pioneering work on condensation polymerization was conducted by Wallace Carothers while he was employed by DuPont. He recognized that many natural polymers are formed from monomers with two reactive functional groups. For exam ...
Modeling the Star-Branched Polymer Coupling Reaction in
... The coupling reaction is investigated through resolution of equations (5) and (14-15) for both first and second order kinetic modes (see Eqs. 2 and 3) as the Damkohler number varies. In equations 14 and 15, the distribution parameters adopted (θ and σ for the Schulz-Zimm distribution, β and ν for th ...
... The coupling reaction is investigated through resolution of equations (5) and (14-15) for both first and second order kinetic modes (see Eqs. 2 and 3) as the Damkohler number varies. In equations 14 and 15, the distribution parameters adopted (θ and σ for the Schulz-Zimm distribution, β and ν for th ...
Structure and Properties of Polymers
... Encyclopaedia of Polymer Science and Engineering (eds H.F. Mark, N.M. Bikales, C.G. Overberger, and G. Menges), in 17 Volumes, John Wiley and Sons, 1985-1989; Supplement Volume 1989; Index Volume 1990. [Fundamental work covering the whole of polymer science and engineering.] ...
... Encyclopaedia of Polymer Science and Engineering (eds H.F. Mark, N.M. Bikales, C.G. Overberger, and G. Menges), in 17 Volumes, John Wiley and Sons, 1985-1989; Supplement Volume 1989; Index Volume 1990. [Fundamental work covering the whole of polymer science and engineering.] ...
Kinetic Control of Aqueous Polymerization Using Radicals
... The first three series were performed to demonstrate the absence of side radical generation which could disturb the polymerization path. An initiator-free aqueous AM solution was illuminated with UV light during one hour at 313 K to verify the absence of monomer photolysis (series 1). Another AM sol ...
... The first three series were performed to demonstrate the absence of side radical generation which could disturb the polymerization path. An initiator-free aqueous AM solution was illuminated with UV light during one hour at 313 K to verify the absence of monomer photolysis (series 1). Another AM sol ...
Ch06 BalancingChemRxns
... Electrical current through water. Electrolysis of water into its elements. 1. Write the skeleton equation ...
... Electrical current through water. Electrolysis of water into its elements. 1. Write the skeleton equation ...
Self-Assembly of Narrowly Distributed Carboxy
... are quite low, indicating that there are a lot of solvent molecules trapped inside the collapsed chains. The low values of 〈F〉 are also partially attributed to the use of 〈Rh〉 in the calculation of the particle volume. It is expected that the particle surface is not smooth so that using 〈Rh〉 in the ...
... are quite low, indicating that there are a lot of solvent molecules trapped inside the collapsed chains. The low values of 〈F〉 are also partially attributed to the use of 〈Rh〉 in the calculation of the particle volume. It is expected that the particle surface is not smooth so that using 〈Rh〉 in the ...
Analysis of PEA photopolymers at zero spatial frequency limit
... these materials are used in holographic applications, where high values of spatial frequencies are recorded. In this range of frequencies many processes are involved in the hologram formation, such as species diffusion, nonlocalpolymerization (due to the finite size of polymer chains), and shrinkage ...
... these materials are used in holographic applications, where high values of spatial frequencies are recorded. In this range of frequencies many processes are involved in the hologram formation, such as species diffusion, nonlocalpolymerization (due to the finite size of polymer chains), and shrinkage ...
SURFACE ACTIVE AGENTS
... Spherical micelles exist at concs close to the CMC. At higher concs, laminar micelles tend to form and exist in equilibrium with spherical micelles. NB: do not regard micelles as solid particles. The individual molecules forming the micelles are in dynamic equilibrium with the monomers in solution a ...
... Spherical micelles exist at concs close to the CMC. At higher concs, laminar micelles tend to form and exist in equilibrium with spherical micelles. NB: do not regard micelles as solid particles. The individual molecules forming the micelles are in dynamic equilibrium with the monomers in solution a ...
File
... acid catalyst, such as H2SO4(aq), is used to increase the rate of this organic reaction, along with some careful heating. ...
... acid catalyst, such as H2SO4(aq), is used to increase the rate of this organic reaction, along with some careful heating. ...
Polyamide from lactams by reactive rotational molding via anionic
... There are a number of problems that are inherent to the processing of reactive monomers and that limit the development and uptake of the process in industry [18]. These problems, which include difficulties in controlling the reaction viscosity and an uneven distribution of material, coupled with a l ...
... There are a number of problems that are inherent to the processing of reactive monomers and that limit the development and uptake of the process in industry [18]. These problems, which include difficulties in controlling the reaction viscosity and an uneven distribution of material, coupled with a l ...
First Poly(2-oxazoline)s with Pendant Amino Groups
... alkyl group determines the thermal properties and solubility.[13,14] In particular, with a methyl substitution, the polymer is highly water soluble; poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) is the only amorphous polymer of this class,[14] which is still water soluble, but already displays a slight amphiphilic beha ...
... alkyl group determines the thermal properties and solubility.[13,14] In particular, with a methyl substitution, the polymer is highly water soluble; poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) is the only amorphous polymer of this class,[14] which is still water soluble, but already displays a slight amphiphilic beha ...
Kinetics of the Selective Reaction of Diazonium Salts with Single
... properties. Consequently, many techniques have been developed in attempts to separate nanotubes according to their electronic type, w ith varying degrees of success. One such technique involves the selective chemical reaction of CNTs with electron w ithdraw ing diazonium salts, w here metallic nanot ...
... properties. Consequently, many techniques have been developed in attempts to separate nanotubes according to their electronic type, w ith varying degrees of success. One such technique involves the selective chemical reaction of CNTs with electron w ithdraw ing diazonium salts, w here metallic nanot ...
Synthetic Polymers - McQuarrie General Chemistry
... can be increased by increasing the number of crosslinks between chains. High elasticity is found in substances composed of long polymer chains joined by sparsely distributed cross-links, such as the polymer chains found in rubber bands. Natural rubber is composed of chains of cis-1,4-isoprene units ...
... can be increased by increasing the number of crosslinks between chains. High elasticity is found in substances composed of long polymer chains joined by sparsely distributed cross-links, such as the polymer chains found in rubber bands. Natural rubber is composed of chains of cis-1,4-isoprene units ...
amcommu 555..558 - Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden
... cobaltocenium, [CoCp*2]+. The insertion of these complexes between the bimetallic magnetic layers led to a novel series of molecular magnets whose cooperative magnetic properties were very close to those reported for the XR4+ salts, which is consistent with the lack of short contacts between the org ...
... cobaltocenium, [CoCp*2]+. The insertion of these complexes between the bimetallic magnetic layers led to a novel series of molecular magnets whose cooperative magnetic properties were very close to those reported for the XR4+ salts, which is consistent with the lack of short contacts between the org ...
Micro-Emulsion
... the work done on these systems have been motivated by their possible use to mobilize petroleum trapped in porous sandstone for enhanced oil recovery. A fundamental reason for the uses of these systems is that a microemulsion phase sometimes has an ultralow interfacial tension with a separate oil or ...
... the work done on these systems have been motivated by their possible use to mobilize petroleum trapped in porous sandstone for enhanced oil recovery. A fundamental reason for the uses of these systems is that a microemulsion phase sometimes has an ultralow interfacial tension with a separate oil or ...
biphasic dosage forms suspensions and
... In case of non-ionic emulsifying agents, charge may arise due to (i) adsorption of ions from the aqueous phase or (ii) contact charging (phase with higher dielectric constant is charged positively) No correlation between droplet charge and emulsion stability in W/O emulsions Steric barrier – dehydra ...
... In case of non-ionic emulsifying agents, charge may arise due to (i) adsorption of ions from the aqueous phase or (ii) contact charging (phase with higher dielectric constant is charged positively) No correlation between droplet charge and emulsion stability in W/O emulsions Steric barrier – dehydra ...
Emulsion polymerization
Emulsion polymerization is a type of radical polymerization that usually starts with an emulsion incorporating water, monomer, and surfactant. The most common type of emulsion polymerization is an oil-in-water emulsion, in which droplets of monomer (the oil) are emulsified (with surfactants) in a continuous phase of water. Water-soluble polymers, such as certain polyvinyl alcohols or hydroxyethyl celluloses, can also be used to act as emulsifiers/stabilizers. The name ""emulsion polymerization"" is a misnomer that arises from a historical misconception. Rather than occurring in emulsion droplets, polymerization takes place in the latex particles that form spontaneously in the first few minutes of the process. These latex particles are typically 100 nm in size, and are made of many individual polymer chains. The particles are stopped from coagulating with each other because each particle is surrounded by the surfactant ('soap'); the charge on the surfactant repels other particles electrostatically. When water-soluble polymers are used as stabilizers instead of soap, the repulsion between particles arises because these water-soluble polymers form a 'hairy layer' around a particle that repels other particles, because pushing particles together would involve compressing these chains.Emulsion polymerization is used to manufacture several commercially important polymers. Many of these polymers are used as solid materials and must be isolated from the aqueous dispersion after polymerization. In other cases the dispersion itself is the end product. A dispersion resulting from emulsion polymerization is often called a latex (especially if derived from a synthetic rubber) or an emulsion (even though ""emulsion"" strictly speaking refers to a dispersion of an immiscible liquid in water). These emulsions find applications in adhesives, paints, paper coating and textile coatings. They are often preferred over solvent-based products in these applications due to the absence of VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds) in them.Advantages of emulsion polymerization include:High molecular weight polymers can be made at fast polymerization rates. By contrast, in bulk and solution free radical polymerization, there is a tradeoff between molecular weight and polymerization rate.The continuous water phase is an excellent conductor of heat, enabling fast polymerization rates without loss of temperature control.Since polymer molecules are contained within the particles, the viscosity of the reaction medium remains close to that of water and is not dependent on molecular weight.The final product can be used as is and does not generally need to be altered or processed.Disadvantages of emulsion polymerization include:Surfactants and other polymerization adjuvants remain in the polymer or are difficult to removeFor dry (isolated) polymers, water removal is an energy-intensive processEmulsion polymerizations are usually designed to operate at high conversion of monomer to polymer. This can result in significant chain transfer to polymer.Can not be used for condensation, ionic or Ziegler-Natta polymerization, although some exceptions are known.↑ ↑ ↑