The Earliest Humans PowerPoint Presentation
... Convergent evolution – different species (such as humans and Neanderthals) developing same characteristic(s) ...
... Convergent evolution – different species (such as humans and Neanderthals) developing same characteristic(s) ...
Modifier genes in Huntington`s desease - Ruhr
... disease duration, CAG repeat length or any other genotype. ...
... disease duration, CAG repeat length or any other genotype. ...
Mitochondrial - Reversible infantile respiratory chain deficiency
... Clinically affected patients Carrier or Presymptomatic: Relatives of clinically affected patients Prenatal: At risk of having an affected child REFERRALS o From Hospital Consultants, mainly Clinical Genetics, Neurology, Paediatrics, Hepatology. o Prenatal referrals are only accepted from Clinical Ge ...
... Clinically affected patients Carrier or Presymptomatic: Relatives of clinically affected patients Prenatal: At risk of having an affected child REFERRALS o From Hospital Consultants, mainly Clinical Genetics, Neurology, Paediatrics, Hepatology. o Prenatal referrals are only accepted from Clinical Ge ...
Mitochondrial DNA and its Role in Contemporary Paleoanthropology
... By contrast, mtDNA is passed on to an individual only from that person’s mother, and it is passed on with (virtually) no change. This point bears emphasizing: all of a person’s mitochondria are derived from his or her mother only – there is ordinarily no paternal contribution [4]. Because of this f ...
... By contrast, mtDNA is passed on to an individual only from that person’s mother, and it is passed on with (virtually) no change. This point bears emphasizing: all of a person’s mitochondria are derived from his or her mother only – there is ordinarily no paternal contribution [4]. Because of this f ...
Three-Parent Babies: A Debate of Eugenics
... these methods do not provide the child with any of the the mitochondria-containing cytoplasm of the fertilized egg. New therapies seek to prevent mitochondrial diseases like ...
... these methods do not provide the child with any of the the mitochondria-containing cytoplasm of the fertilized egg. New therapies seek to prevent mitochondrial diseases like ...
Title: Genetics: Mitochondrial DNA in evolution and disease Douglas
... and healthy ageing A. Latorre-Pellicer et al. Nature (2016) doi:10.1038/nature18618 Problem: Problem: Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has high within-population sequence variability. Although lacking molecular level evidence, mtDNA may be involved in ageing or diseases and mitochondrial replacement ...
... and healthy ageing A. Latorre-Pellicer et al. Nature (2016) doi:10.1038/nature18618 Problem: Problem: Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has high within-population sequence variability. Although lacking molecular level evidence, mtDNA may be involved in ageing or diseases and mitochondrial replacement ...
File
... animals and plants shift their range sometimes barriers - mountains, sea CAUSED extinction A great example of Fossil evidence is LUCY Lucy was discovered in 1974 at Hadar in in Ethiopia. This discovery was extraordinary and provided an enormous amount of scientific evidence. Lucy is estimated to hav ...
... animals and plants shift their range sometimes barriers - mountains, sea CAUSED extinction A great example of Fossil evidence is LUCY Lucy was discovered in 1974 at Hadar in in Ethiopia. This discovery was extraordinary and provided an enormous amount of scientific evidence. Lucy is estimated to hav ...
Slide
... 13.4-kb and 210-bp amplicons of the mtDNA, and (b) 819-bp and 148-bp amplicons in the D-loop region of the mtDNA. The relative amplification was quantified by normalizing the intensity of the long PCR product to the short PCR product. Decrease in the amplification ratio indicated an increase in the ...
... 13.4-kb and 210-bp amplicons of the mtDNA, and (b) 819-bp and 148-bp amplicons in the D-loop region of the mtDNA. The relative amplification was quantified by normalizing the intensity of the long PCR product to the short PCR product. Decrease in the amplification ratio indicated an increase in the ...
Progress and Challenges in Understanding the Mechanisms of
... with a severe phenotype and a fatal outcome. More than 100 nuclear genes have now been associated with OXPHOS disorders, and with the advent of whole exome sequencing that number is expanding rapidly. The genetics of mtDNA are completely different than that of nuclear genes. MtDNA is maternally inhe ...
... with a severe phenotype and a fatal outcome. More than 100 nuclear genes have now been associated with OXPHOS disorders, and with the advent of whole exome sequencing that number is expanding rapidly. The genetics of mtDNA are completely different than that of nuclear genes. MtDNA is maternally inhe ...
phylogeny2
... This study was criticised for a number of reasons, most importantly that only one tree was presented within the paper. Many trees were equally parsimonious and some did not support an African origin for humans. ...
... This study was criticised for a number of reasons, most importantly that only one tree was presented within the paper. Many trees were equally parsimonious and some did not support an African origin for humans. ...
Discussion Questions
... Discussion Questions: “The Power of Three” 1. Turnbull was inspired by a child named Edward. What disease did Edward have? Describe this disease and its current treatment. 2. Why do mitochondria have their own DNA, and why do children inherit it only from the mother? 3. There are several oppositions ...
... Discussion Questions: “The Power of Three” 1. Turnbull was inspired by a child named Edward. What disease did Edward have? Describe this disease and its current treatment. 2. Why do mitochondria have their own DNA, and why do children inherit it only from the mother? 3. There are several oppositions ...
Discussion Questions The Emergence of Modern Humans (Reading 5) Reading 5
... 6) Why is mitochondrial DNA so crucial to the study of evolution? How does it support the "African Eve" hypothesis? ...
... 6) Why is mitochondrial DNA so crucial to the study of evolution? How does it support the "African Eve" hypothesis? ...
Mitochondrial Eve
... of modern humans from Africa, replacing more "archaic" human populations such as Neanderthals. As a result, a consensus emerged among anthropologists that the latter theory was more plausible. ...
... of modern humans from Africa, replacing more "archaic" human populations such as Neanderthals. As a result, a consensus emerged among anthropologists that the latter theory was more plausible. ...
Mitochondrial Eve
In human genetics, Mitochondrial Eve is the matrilineal most recent common ancestor (MRCA), in a direct, unbroken, maternal line, of all currently living humans, who is estimated to have lived approximately 100,000–200,000 years ago. This is the most recent woman from whom all living humans today descend, in an unbroken line, on their mother’s side, and through the mothers of those mothers, and so on, back until all lines converge on one person. Because all mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) generally (but see paternal mtDNA transmission) is passed from mother to offspring without recombination, all mtDNA in every living person is directly descended from hers by definition, differing only by the mutations that over generations have occurred in the germ cell mtDNA since the conception of the original ""Mitochondrial Eve"".Mitochondrial Eve is named after mitochondria and the biblical Eve. Unlike her biblical namesake, she was not the only living human female of her time. However, her female contemporaries, excluding her mother, failed to produce a direct unbroken female line to any living person in the present day.Mitochondrial Eve is estimated to have lived between 99,000 and 200,000 years ago, most likely in East Africa, when Homo sapiens sapiens (anatomically modern humans) were developing as a population distinct from other human sub-species.Mitochondrial Eve lived later than Homo heidelbergensis and the emergence of Homo neanderthalensis, but earlier than the out of Africa migration.The dating for ""Eve"" was a blow to the multiregional hypothesis and a boost to the theory of the origin and dispersion of modern humans from Africa, replacing more ""archaic"" human populations such as Neanderthals. As a result, a consensus emerged among anthropologists that the latter theory was more plausible.Analogous to the Mitochondrial Eve is the Y-chromosomal Adam, the member of Homo sapiens sapiens from whom all living humans are descended patrilineally. The inherited DNA in the male case is his nuclear Y chromosome rather than the mtDNA. Mitochondrial Eve and Y-chromosomal Adam need not have lived at the same time. For example, Y-chromosomal Adam has been estimated to have lived during a wide range of times from 180,000 to 581,000 years ago, while a 2013 paper concluded that he lived between 120,000 and 156,000 years ago (however, this paper did not include some Cameroonians and one African American, who did not inherit their Y from that ""Adam"").