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Nominalization – Lexical and Syntactic Aspects
Nominalization – Lexical and Syntactic Aspects

... To begin with the interface level PF, no points beyond standard assumptions about phonetic form need to be made here. In other words, PF(E) should be construed as a redundancy-free array of (presumably binary) phonetic features with little dependency on other components of E.9 The interpretation of ...
How motion verbs are special
How motion verbs are special

... mation in verb meanings is regarded as part of a universal linguistic system for encoding meaning or world-knowledge. In this kind of meaning we clearly see world knowledge encoded linguistically, in the fact that the grammar represents the events captured in verb meanings as having or not having a ...
AGREEMENT IN ITALIAN IMPERSONAL SI CONSTRUCTIONS: A
AGREEMENT IN ITALIAN IMPERSONAL SI CONSTRUCTIONS: A

... in self-Benefactive constructions) is provided by a class of verbs that are inherently self-Benefactive, such as riservarsi (to keep for oneself), accaparrarsi (to hoard), assicurarsi (to secure), or procurarsi (to get oneself). Such verbs are most commonly used in the reflexive form, and have a sel ...
Syntax without functional categories
Syntax without functional categories

... concerned. 'Noun' allows us to express the generalisation that the lists are the same — not to mention the lists needed for various other facts about distribution, morphology and semantics. Similarly for 'auxiliary verb', a word-class defined by the 'NICE' characteristics (negation, inversion, contr ...
free modifier
free modifier

... English 12 ...
Prepositional phrase - Riverdale Middle School
Prepositional phrase - Riverdale Middle School

... Adverbs are a part of speech that makes the meaning of a verb, an adjective, or another adverb more definite. Where? ...
Document
Document

... Determiners describe the particular reference of a noun Adjectives describe the properties of nouns Verbs are used to describe actions, activities and states Adverbs modify a verb in the same way as adjectives modify nouns ...
using adjective clauses
using adjective clauses

... She has a good friend who used to work there. In the above examples, that and who are pronouns introducing the adjective clauses. Note that these pronouns immediately follow the nouns information and friend. These pronouns are related to the nouns (information and friend) that precede them. A relati ...
10 Basic Clause Patterns
10 Basic Clause Patterns

... indefinite number of clauses. Second, in actual communication, shorter utterances are usually reconstructed and understood by reference to clauses. For instance, over here might be understood as I’m over here or Shine the light over here. The grammatical importance of clauses probably reflects the f ...
An outline for a semantic categorization of adjectives 1
An outline for a semantic categorization of adjectives 1

... applicable to its members. The kind of categorisation and the type of category structure sketched here apply without many difficulties to noun description, as is illustrated by a number of quite satisfactory organised on-line lexical databases of the WordNet type, like Cornetto for Dutch (for an int ...
Fragments - Cloudfront.net
Fragments - Cloudfront.net

... coordinating conjunction ...
We have used the word "form" quite often in the Internet Grammar. It
We have used the word "form" quite often in the Internet Grammar. It

... Notice that some of these Subject clauses have Subjects of their own. In [1], the Subject clause that his theory was flawed, has its own Subject, his theory. Similarly, in [2], the Subject of what I need is I. Among nonfinite clauses, only to-infinitive clauses and -ing participle clauses can funct ...
JacobsenLecuter
JacobsenLecuter

... A. Predicate (verb) comes at the end B. Has postpositions (‘particles’) rather than prepositions. C. Modifiers precede what is modified. (3) [おもしろい]本を 読んだ. ‘I read [an interesting] book.’ [Omoshiroi] hon o yonda. (4) [友達が紹介してくれた]本を 読んだ. ‘I read a book [that a friend introduced to me].’ [Tomodachi ga ...
Common Usage Problems - Learn English on Skype
Common Usage Problems - Learn English on Skype

... same thing as furthermore. It is used to expound on a given idea and should not be confused with besides which, when used as a conjunction, also means anyway. • Correct: Nurses are leaving the country for more money. Moreover, other skilled professionals are doing the same. ...
Using Russian : A Guide to Contemporary Usage
Using Russian : A Guide to Contemporary Usage

... modern language with which the student may be familiar, is not a stable, uniform abstraction that is applied inflexibly in all situations. As a living language spoken by millions of individuals of different ages from different backgrounds and in different situations, Russian exists in many varieties ...
ESL Competencies
ESL Competencies

... The content will be vetted before finalization and does not represent the final product of what will be assessed. Page 1 ...
ÜiÜJ - GAGL
ÜiÜJ - GAGL

... This form in -ende (or -ande or -inde) assigns accusative Case (ealne and bone in (37) are accusative) to its object. It is often argued that in Old English these participles are seen as as adjectives (cf. Mossé 1938, I: 3) and that the constructions involve copulas followed by adjectival forms. The ...
The Passive and the Notion of Transitivity
The Passive and the Notion of Transitivity

... and the predicate, and presents what he is saying as true in itself, independent of any particular point of view. The verbs belonging to set 1 (Resemble, have, mean, fit, cost, weigh, etc.) have a stative value (or are used statively). Even though the structures are syntactically based on a pattern ...
The Ergative, Absolutive, and Dative in Basque
The Ergative, Absolutive, and Dative in Basque

... usage c-ills this form of the noun absslutive. ( I n the literature of Basque grammar one will also find the terms nominative and neutral.) It must also be pointed out that the Basque inflected verb is polypersonal in that it contains pronoun reference to the noun phrases in its sentence that are ma ...
Presentation Plus! - CMS-Grade8-ELA-Reading-2010
Presentation Plus! - CMS-Grade8-ELA-Reading-2010

... • In the present tense, the base form of a verb is used with all subjects except singular nouns and the pronouns he, she, and it.  • When the subject is a singular noun or he, she, or it, -s is usually added to the verb.  • Remember that a verb in a sentence must agree in number with its subject. ...
086: Sentence Clarity
086: Sentence Clarity

... Misplaced or dangling modifiers are words, phrases, or clauses that confuse the meaning of a sentence. They are easily recognized because their position in the sentence makes the sentence meaningless or unclear. Misplaced Modifier A misplaced modifier can be a word, phrase, or clause that is incorre ...
Building Statives
Building Statives

... Two kinds of adjectival passives The adjectival passive construction that is traditionally called ‘Zustandspassiv’ (‘state passive’) in German seems to have the same syntactic and semantic properties as its English cousin, except that it is easier to identify. German state or adjectival passives sel ...
To Agree or not to Agree - Utrecht University Repository
To Agree or not to Agree - Utrecht University Repository

... sometimes do find agreement in these cases, most probably due to foreign influences9, but it could be that the animacy hierarchy also plays a role here. Since Middle Welsh does not express gender in its verbal inflection, this aspect is not relevant here. For this thesis I limit myself to verbal agr ...
Building Statives - Semantics Archive
Building Statives - Semantics Archive

... Two kinds of adjectival passives The adjectival passive construction that is traditionally called ‘Zustandspassiv’ (‘state passive’) in German seems to have the same syntactic and semantic properties as its English cousin, except that it is easier to identify. German state or adjectival passives sel ...
Emai Separation Verbs and Telicity
Emai Separation Verbs and Telicity

... no typically verb behavior vis-à-vis functional categories and no argument selectional behavior. CS a, however, is associated with the encoding of separation events where an affected entity, as grammatical subject or direct object, undergoes a change of material state or condition. In the following, ...
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Serbo-Croatian grammar

Serbo-Croatian is a South Slavic language that has, like most other Slavic languages, an extensive system of inflection. This article describes exclusively the grammar of the Shtokavian dialect, which is a part of the South Slavic dialect continuum and the basis for the Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin, and Serbian standard variants of Serbo-Croatian.Pronouns, nouns, adjectives, and some numerals decline (change the word ending to reflect case, i.e. grammatical category and function), whereas verbs conjugate for person and tense. As in all other Slavic languages, the basic word order is subject–verb–object (SVO); however, due to the use of declension to show sentence structure, word order is not as important as in languages that tend toward analyticity such as English or Chinese. Deviations from the standard SVO order are stylistically marked and may be employed to convey a particular emphasis, mood or overall tone, according to the intentions of the speaker or writer. Often, such deviations will sound literary, poetical, or archaic.Nouns have three grammatical genders, masculine, feminine and neuter, that correspond to a certain extent with the word ending, so that most nouns ending in -a are feminine, -o and -e neuter, and the rest mostly masculine with a small but important class of feminines. The grammatical gender of a noun affects the morphology of other parts of speech (adjectives, pronouns, and verbs) attached to it. Nouns are declined into seven cases: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, vocative, locative, and instrumental.Verbs are divided into two broad classes according to their aspect, which can be either perfective (signifying a completed action) or imperfective (action is incomplete or repetitive). There are seven tenses, four of which (present, perfect, future I and II) are used in contemporary Serbo-Croatian, and the other three (aorist, imperfect and plusquamperfect) used much less frequently—the plusquamperfect is generally limited to written language and some more educated speakers, whereas the aorist and imperfect are considered stylistically marked and rather archaic. However, some non-standard dialects make considerable (and thus unmarked) use of those tenses.All Serbo-Croatian lexemes in this article are spelled in accented form in Latin alphabet, as well as in both accents (Ijekavian and Ekavian, with Ijekavian bracketed) where these differ (see Serbo-Croatian phonology.)
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