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Lexical Functional Grammar
Lexical Functional Grammar

... Phenomena that had been explained by the interaction of transformations are accounted for in LFG by the regular interaction of lexical processes. Bresnan shows that some of the classic arguments for syntactic transformations do not, in fact, distinguish between a transformational and a lexical acco ...
Paraphrasing factoid dependency trees into fluent sentences in a
Paraphrasing factoid dependency trees into fluent sentences in a

... A model-theoretic basis for the notion of aboutness was described in [2]: An information carrier i will be said to be about information carrier j if the information borne by j holds in i. The rather abstract sounding notion of “information carrier” can denote a single term, but also a composition of ...
Second Language Knowledge of [+/-Past] vs. [+/-Finite]
Second Language Knowledge of [+/-Past] vs. [+/-Finite]

... the past form differs from the nonpast form, e.g. ‘regular’ vs. ‘irregular’ verbs) and sensitivity to the phonological environment (with deletion more likely following obstruents or nasals than liquids or vowels) were significant variables contributing to final -t/d deletion. Bayley found that, wher ...
Romacilikanes— The Romani dialect of
Romacilikanes— The Romani dialect of

... project staff to generate sub-corpora in search of particular categories or category combinations, for example, ‘demonstratives’ or ‘relative clauses’, thereby facilitating data entry into the database, and of course an overview of the structural features by category. A further advantage of a uniform ...
Verb-Initial Clauses in Ancient Greek Prose
Verb-Initial Clauses in Ancient Greek Prose

... is to say, ‘This same construction is used in sentence Y, where there is no doubt as to its meaning; we can therefore assume the same meaning in sentence X unless there is specific evidence to the contrary.’ This difficulty is not at all peculiar to the study of information structure, though it is e ...
Bible Daily Grammar Practice Level V
Bible Daily Grammar Practice Level V

... Daily Grammar Practice (DGP) is a different way to learn grammar. Students get one sentence to work with each week, and each day they spend just a few minutes doing something different with that same sentence. This process is difficult at first, but it gets easier with practice. More importantly, it ...
sf anish event infinitives: from lexical semantics to syntax
sf anish event infinitives: from lexical semantics to syntax

... a bare complement N with a parti-generic (Laca 1990) or indefinite generic (Longobardi 1994) interpretation; the Agent, Experiencer or Theme, which would be the subject in the corresponding finite sentence, appears in the genitive Case. This is illustrated . by the structure under (1), which partly ...
The Icelandic Subjunctive
The Icelandic Subjunctive

... Phonologically, Icelandic has undergone numerous radical changes. The syntax is still similar to Old Norse syntax, although it has changed more than the morphology. ...
The Syntax of French
The Syntax of French

... international organisations like the United Nations (14% of speeches delivered to the General Assembly in 2001) and the European Union (30% of original documents produced by the European Commission), French is second only to English. Nevertheless, official circles are clearly concerned at the potent ...
elementary - Turkish Campus
elementary - Turkish Campus

... Sometimes the circumflex is used to distinguish between two words which, without it, would be spelled and pronounced identically. Ali ...
ASSIDUE Person prominence and relation prominence
ASSIDUE Person prominence and relation prominence

... The original observation that induced us to apply for the project and, finally, to write this work was the fact that Yucatec Maya, a native Indian language of Mexico, backgrounds persons in many syntactic constructions where well-known European languages like German and English put them in a syntact ...
Writing Skills: Section 5
Writing Skills: Section 5

... should be replaced with “including,” which functions as a preposition in this context. Choice (C) results in a comma splice. Two independent clauses (“As senior speech writer for President Clinton, Carolyn Curiel crafted many of Clinton‟s major speeches” and “they include some of his most famous”) a ...
Effective Writing
Effective Writing

... and so on. By the way, the verb “be,” which has the additional forms, “am,” “is,” “are,” “was,” “were,” “been,” and “being” –eight forms in total, is a true state-of-being verb. There are only two others (linking verbs that can take either a predicate adjective or a predicate noun): “become” and “re ...
Prefix Variation in Russian - Munin
Prefix Variation in Russian - Munin

... that we could be dealing with different periods in the development of Russian, in other words that our occasional verbs are more indicative of processes that are occurring at this very moment, while data from CSR represents processes that are somewhat older. The last hypothesis we have named the Soc ...
mandarin compound verbs - Taiwan Journal of Linguistics
mandarin compound verbs - Taiwan Journal of Linguistics

... ambisyllabic: A segment (vowel or consonant) which forms the coda of the first and onset of the second of two adjacent syllables, e.g. the /l/ in English melon is ambisyllabic. analytic: In this study, analytic is used to describe a construction in which individual elements are in a syntactic rather ...
Where does heteroclisis come from? Evidence from Romanian
Where does heteroclisis come from? Evidence from Romanian

... is ‘morphomic’ in the sense of Aronoff (1994), being sensitive to arrays of paradigmatic cells which are not reducible to any common semantic or grammatical function. Most importantly, the relevant arrays of cells have, over and over again in the history of Romanian, been the locus of other major in ...
33 HOW COMPLEMENTS DIFFER FROM ADJUNCTS IN PERSIAN
33 HOW COMPLEMENTS DIFFER FROM ADJUNCTS IN PERSIAN

... complements into: verbal complements, which are obligatory, and adverbial complements, which are optional. They propose a noncomplement treatment for some types of complements, such as predicative complements of object/subject. In fact, they use labels other than complement for them. Typical tokens ...
Adjective and attribution
Adjective and attribution

... Modification of a referential concept produces an endocentric nominal expression. This kind of modification is attribution. At this point, we can propose a provisional definition of the adjective: An adjective is a member of a word class whose primary function is attribution. This definition of the ...
The Essential Handbook For Business Writing
The Essential Handbook For Business Writing

... Passive Voice: His university days are fondly remembered by him. Active Voice: She examined the files for inconsistencies. Passive Voice: The files were examined by her for inconsistencies. Active Voice: ...
ÚSTAV ANGLICKÉHO JAZYKA A DIDAKTIKY BAKALÁŘSKÁ
ÚSTAV ANGLICKÉHO JAZYKA A DIDAKTIKY BAKALÁŘSKÁ

... compared with the infinitive: I saw them shoot at him. ~ I saw them shooting at him. (ibid: 238), although this is usually possible only with verbs of perception in the superordinate clause. Quirk et al. use five criteria to distinguish finite from non-finite verb phrases: 1) the finite forms occur ...
Old Irish pronouns: agreement affixes vs. clitic arguments.
Old Irish pronouns: agreement affixes vs. clitic arguments.

... to outline the structure of the Old Irish verb, since a good deal of pronominal marking appears there. 2.1 The Verb The Old Irish verbal complex is made up of a several parts. Mandatory are the verb stem and ending. The former indicates tense and mood, while the latter indicates person and number. I ...
the syntax of lexical reciprocal constructions
the syntax of lexical reciprocal constructions

... languages, and periphrastic reciprocal construction in English (i.e., they saw each other) are not able to form the dyadic reciprocal construction. 4. Why there exist in English a small set of so called “naturally symmetric” verbs (such as dance, argue, fight etc. – see Kemmer 1993) which despite no ...
he - MPG.PuRe
he - MPG.PuRe

... was requisite, I had the assistance of an Interpreter; but the absolute neceesity of understanding and being understood by those among whom I was to live, made me diligent in endeavouring to learn their language ; and some knowledge of Latin, French, and Italian, acquired before I left England, enab ...
primary argument case-marking in baltic and finnic
primary argument case-marking in baltic and finnic

... genitive (-n) and locative cases (adessive -llA, ablative -ltA and allative -lle) may be used to mark agents: these usually have a more or less transparent adverbial background. The term accusative is not unproblematic in Finnic: first of all, no distinct accusative marker is used with plural NPs. ...
Free PDF - The University of Adelaide
Free PDF - The University of Adelaide

... This commentary on the grammatical introduction to Pastor Clamor Schürmann's Vocabulary of the Parnkalla language of 1844 is designed primarily for educators and other people who may wish to re-present its interpretations in ways more accessible to non-linguists, and more suited to pedagogical pract ...
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Georgian grammar

The Georgian language belongs to the Kartvelian family. Some of its characteristics are similar to those of Slavic languages such as its system of verbal aspect, but Georgian grammar is remarkably different from European languages and has many distinct features, such as split ergativity and a polypersonal verb agreement system.Georgian has its own alphabet. In this article, a transliteration with Latin letters will be used throughout.
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