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... confused John Smith by (saying that) ...
Studies in African Linguistics Volume 10, Number 2, July 1979 A
Studies in African Linguistics Volume 10, Number 2, July 1979 A

... Although there is no certainty that an lndividual author did not have a radically different meaning in mind when he or she used a given term, these definitions should serve to effectively narrow the range of possible interpretations of a given term. ...
Exploring the grammar of the clause
Exploring the grammar of the clause

... usually reconstruct the missing words from the preceding text or from the situation.  Types of ellipsis: initial, medial, final, textual (missing words can be found in the nearby text), situational (missing words are clear from the situation in which language is used – Saw Susan...) ...
Experiments for Dependency Parsing of Greek
Experiments for Dependency Parsing of Greek

... and coordinating conjunctions. Coordinating conjunctions and apposition markers head participating tokens in relevant constructions. Table 1 contains some of the most common dependency relations used in the treebank, while Figure 1 presents a sentence fragment that contains a non-projective arc conn ...
Video Transcript 3
Video Transcript 3

... referred to; in the second, the students are being referred to. How do we know whether to use a past or present participle phrase? You should get a sense of the active or passive nature of each participle phrase. In the first example, we sense that the tutor is actively doing something (in this case ...
1 Representations for dominance/precedence structure
1 Representations for dominance/precedence structure

... A phrase category (nonterminal), by analogy with a word category, is determined by identity under substitution contexts. For instance, what is called a noun phrase is simply an equivalence class of some string of tokens that can be substituted for one another anywhere. Grammars defined by such equiva ...
What`s LFG
What`s LFG

... Grammatical relations such as subject or object are also defined configurationally (based on the position on the syntactic tree). ● Non-transformational theories of grammar such as Construction Grammar, Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG), Role and Reference Grammar and Lexical Functional Gr ...
Frag Run-on Review
Frag Run-on Review

... FRAGMENTS All complete sentences (known as independent clauses) must have a subject and a predicate (verb phrase). These tell who or what is doing an action. ...
Online Syntactic Storage Costs in Sentence
Online Syntactic Storage Costs in Sentence

... For the zero predicted verbs condition in (6a), the critical material “the company planned a layoff” is embedded as the SC of the verb “implied” which is itself part of a clause embedded as the SC of the matrix verb “realized”. Because both verbs “implied” and “realized” are encountered immediately ...
Relative clause structure, relative clause perception, and the change
Relative clause structure, relative clause perception, and the change

... features that can be used to characterize them cross-linguistically. First of all, a restrictive RC is a noun-modifier and as such is syntactically part of the same NP containing the head noun. Second, since the RC has a noun identical to the head noun, the surface clause manifesting it will have a ...
1. -ing participle used as gerund
1. -ing participle used as gerund

... • Gerund can also be the object of the only preposition such as about, against, at, before, after, by, besides, for, from, in, on, up and without. • --They broke into loud cheers on hearing the news. • --I’m sorry to have delayed so long in answering your letter. • --He felt uncomfortable about acce ...
sentence-composing tools: phrase review
sentence-composing tools: phrase review

... Tips for Better Revising: Always, when you revise something you’ve written, look for places to use appositive phrases and other sentence-composing tools to add detail, interest, and professional style to your writing. ...
Example
Example

... ‘a’ and ‘an’ is used before the names of days of the week to talk about one particular day. Example: I saw him on a Wednesday. ...
common errors committed in translating (not only) legal documents
common errors committed in translating (not only) legal documents

... universities do not use this term for their institutes and even if they do, the context usually makes it clear whether one or the other meaning has been intended. ...
Key to Comments and Commonly Confused Words http://www.wsu
Key to Comments and Commonly Confused Words http://www.wsu

... Res/Nonres. Restrictive and nonrestrictive elements. (Note: For some good examples, go to Ben Yagoda's explanation in the New York Times.) Nonrestrictive clauses and phrases are "extra information"; if they are removed, the meaning of the sentence remains the same. 1. Transitional expressions such a ...
Observations on the optionality of modern Catalan participle
Observations on the optionality of modern Catalan participle

... Catalonia, a region of northeastern Spain where Catalan is spoken, has not been particularly powerful since the fifteenth century when its decline first began. Various monarchs and dictators, including Ferdinand and Isabella, Philip V, and Franco, have restricted and/or forbidden the use of Catalan, ...
Practice sheets, for the sentences in this booklet, are available in a
Practice sheets, for the sentences in this booklet, are available in a

... understanding of why the Shurley Method works, outlining the key features and main elements taught in each grade level. The Jingle Section: English definitions are taught in jingle form. The rhythm of the jingles is a fantastic learning tool that helps students learn and retain difficult English con ...
Chapter 5: The verb stem
Chapter 5: The verb stem

... suffix: this can be a derivational suffix that creates verbs from nominals (inchoative, factitive), or which has a valency-changing function (reflexive, reciprocal, causative). Verbs borrowed from English or Kriol are admitted into the language by the addition of an element that takes the inflection ...
subject - HCC Learning Web
subject - HCC Learning Web

... • Adjective clauses are almost never used to modify personal pronouns. • These are the personal pronouns in English: • First-person singular: I (subject); me (object) • First-person plural: we (subject); us (object) • Second-person singular and plural: you (subject and object) • Third-person singula ...
1.5.1 Review
1.5.1 Review

... tú y ella; the combinations are endless! Of course, in Latin America, vosotros / vosotras isn't used. You may hear a Chilean say ustedes, meaning 'you all' in an informal way, or you might hear a Guatemalan say ustedes in the formal way at a business meeting. But they both mean the same thing. Remem ...
Making Syntax of Sense: Number Agreement in
Making Syntax of Sense: Number Agreement in

... Grammatical number refers to the linguistic agreement properties of a lexical item. The word suds is grammatically plural for most English speakers, because words that agree with it are normally plural: In standard English, it is suds are and not suds is, and some suds rather than a suds. Conversely ...
Nom
Nom

...  First rule : learn vocabulary : There is a set vocabulary of about 500 words for GCSE. You have already come across some 400 of these words. If you learn them thoroughly, you will find the course easy and know every word in your GCSE exam.  Second rule: understand the endings : In Latin most word ...
Shurley Grammar Unit 4
Shurley Grammar Unit 4

... • Jamie loved popcorn. He ate popcorn all day long. He even told his mom to buy popcorn in large sacks. He finally invented a popcorn machine. This machine popped lots of popcorn at one time. While all his friends watched, Jimmie started his popping machine. Soon everyone had plenty of popcorn. In f ...
The Syntactic Operator se in Spanish
The Syntactic Operator se in Spanish

... I  here  present  an  account  of  all  these  constructions  in  which  I  suggest  that  some  new  ideas  in the recent  literature can prove useful  in describing the se phenomena. Focusing  on both the effect that se has over the syntactic realization of the verbal arguments, on the  one  hand, ...
By Peter Ryan 2008 - Affiliates Marketing Solutions
By Peter Ryan 2008 - Affiliates Marketing Solutions

... There is actually very little difference – some spellings and a few grammar points – the main difference is in pronunciations and accents The same idea or principle applies to other native English speaking countries – Canada, Australia, South Africa, New Zealand and so on. Even in England, there are ...
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Spanish grammar

Spanish grammar is the grammar of the Spanish language (español, castellano), which is a Romance language that originated in north central Spain and is spoken today throughout Spain, some twenty countries in the Americas, and Equatorial Guinea.Spanish is an inflected language. The verbs are potentially marked for tense, aspect, mood, person, and number (resulting in some fifty conjugated forms per verb). The nouns form a two-gender system and are marked for number. Pronouns can be inflected for person, number, gender (including a residual neuter), and case, although the Spanish pronominal system represents a simplification of the ancestral Latin system.Spanish was the first of the European vernaculars to have a grammar treatise, Gramática de la lengua castellana, written in 1492 by the Andalusian linguist Antonio de Nebrija and presented to Isabella of Castile at Salamanca.The Real Academia Española (RAE) traditionally dictates the normative rules of the Spanish language, as well as its orthography.Formal differences between Peninsular and American Spanish are remarkably few, and someone who has learned the dialect of one area will have no difficulties using reasonably formal speech in the other; however, pronunciation does vary, as well as grammar and vocabulary.Recently published comprehensive Spanish reference grammars in English include DeBruyne (1996), Butt & Benjamin (2004), and Batchelor & San José (2010).
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