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The Noun Phrase in Hawrami Anders Holmberg and David Odden
The Noun Phrase in Hawrami Anders Holmberg and David Odden

... to Anders Holmberg. We would like to thank our Hawrami consultant, Koresh Rafie, for his invaluable assistance. The number of speakers of Hawrami is unknown, but is probably less than 100,000, possibly less than 50,000. We take no position on the historical relationship between Hawrami and closely r ...
Project Gutenberg`s A Grammar of the English Tongue, by Samuel Johnson
Project Gutenberg`s A Grammar of the English Tongue, by Samuel Johnson

... O is united to e in some words derived from Greek, as œconomy; but as being not an English diphthong, they are better written as they are sounded, with only e, economy. With i, as oil, soil, moil, noisome. This coalition of letters seems to unite the sounds of the two letters, as far as two sounds c ...
Thematic Roles and Syntactic Structure
Thematic Roles and Syntactic Structure

... The general Chomskian framework allows for three possible interpretations of this fact: (i) the data in (5) shows that the UTAH is false, and different predicates require different linking patterns as an idiosyncratic lexical property; (ii) the (a) and (b) sentences have similar underlying configura ...
Long adjectival inflection and specificity in Serbo
Long adjectival inflection and specificity in Serbo

... In the presence of a short adjective (12a), the object NP cannot have wide scope over the verbs ‘must’ or ‘wants’: the NP jednog visokog studenta does not presuppose the existence of any tall students. The object NP in (12b), on the other hand, does imply the existence of one tall student, or of a g ...
Bridging the Gap: Retaking the Accuplacer WritePlacer College
Bridging the Gap: Retaking the Accuplacer WritePlacer College

... developmental English course sequence before you can enroll in English I. If your developmental course placement is ENGL 091—Reading and Writing I, you must pay for and complete a total of 8 developmental credits (two courses) before registering in English I. If your developmental course placement i ...
gems: a model of sentence production
gems: a model of sentence production

... predicates that are found in ENC. The only difference is that the units which are found in a lexical entry have letter codes and not number codes on their arguments and labels. (The number codes show the llnklngs among the various units within ENC and, as we will see, within a sentence's meaning. Th ...
Lesson.Dangling.Participles
Lesson.Dangling.Participles

... This means we take what is being modified by the ing phrase and place it first in the sentence, right after the comma. Again, let’s use the example of Amaury’s unfortunate slip. Correct: Slipping on the wet sidewalk, Amaury lost his keys when they fell from his pocket. Note that “Amaury,” the person ...
Grammar Worksheets: Misplaced and Dangling Participles http
Grammar Worksheets: Misplaced and Dangling Participles http

... This means we take what is being modified by the ing phrase and place it first in the sentence, right after the comma. Again, let’s use the example of Amaury’s unfortunate slip. Correct: Slipping on the wet sidewalk, Amaury lost his keys when they fell from his pocket. Note that “Amaury,” the person ...
GCSE Spanish Candidate exemplar Controlled assessment
GCSE Spanish Candidate exemplar Controlled assessment

... Task Planning Form The title includes a conjugated verb, vivo, but students should not be penalised for this; it is not a word they have included, it is the title the teacher provided. While limpio may be a verb, it is used as an adjective in the student’s work and accrues no penalty. Content The ti ...
Placed, Non- Placed and Anaphorically Placed Expressions:
Placed, Non- Placed and Anaphorically Placed Expressions:

... It has been noted by many that the morphological expression of Tense is strongly interrelated with the morphological expression of Person. As stated in Greenberg’s Universal 30 (Greenberg ,1963), for instance, if a language has Person- Number categories, it always has TenseMood categories. On indepe ...
Grammar and Language Workbook, Part 1
Grammar and Language Workbook, Part 1

... 16. They made sand castles on the beach, but waves soon washed away their work. 17. He raked the leaves, but the sudden wind scattered them all over our yard. 18. Your new puppy looks as if it will turn out to be a beautiful, large dog. ...
Parent Help Booklet - Shurley Instructional Materials
Parent Help Booklet - Shurley Instructional Materials

... understanding of why the Shurley Method works, outlining the key features and main elements taught in each grade level. The Jingle Section: English definitions are taught in jingle form. The rhythm of the jingles is a fantastic learning tool that helps students learn and retain difficult English con ...
THE CASES
THE CASES

... • Used for addressing someone and almost always exactly the same as the nominative except in the 2nd declension where e is used in the singular. The e is dropped after i. – Marce, ad fenestram ambulā – Iūlia, surge. – Caecilī, mēcum venī ...
LATIN WORD ORDER A Glimpse into the Vaults.
LATIN WORD ORDER A Glimpse into the Vaults.

... order. There are very few sentences in which the natural order of one language corresponds to that of the other. There is much greater freedom and variety in Latin, especially as regards substantives, adjectives, pronouns, and verbs. For these parts of speech are each susceptible of a great variety ...
Writing Matters
Writing Matters

... describes a verb (adjective, or other adverb) begins a phrase (anything a plane can do to a cloud) joins 2 words or 2 groups of words ...
Gerunds
Gerunds

...  If the gerund is the subject or direct object, the infinitive is used instead of an –nd- form.  Use of the gerund with ad to show purpose (page 170)  Use of the gerund in the genitive case preceding causā to show purpose (page 170)  The gerund in the ablative case usually expresses cause or mea ...
Non-canonical applicatives and focalization in Tswana
Non-canonical applicatives and focalization in Tswana

... obligatory head-dependent agreement in the noun phrase, and obligatory agreement of free pronouns and bound pronominal morphemes (subject markers, object markers) with the noun they represent. Noun phrases are head-initial. Verbs show a rich system of morphological variations, including TAM markers, ...
Gustar, Interesar, Aburrir
Gustar, Interesar, Aburrir

... **Remember, use gusta if what is pleasing is a singular noun or an infinitive. Use gustan if what is pleasing is a plural noun. Two singular nouns will use gusta. ...
Infinitive Clauses: Tensed or Untensed
Infinitive Clauses: Tensed or Untensed

... unlimited form by the number and person of its subject (Eckersley and Eckersley, 1960: 230). In addition to the simple form of 'to- infinitive clauses' there are other forms like progressive, perfective, passive, split inf. The main function of such forms is that of verb complementation as illustrat ...
Locally Bound 3rd-Person Pronouns in Afrikaans
Locally Bound 3rd-Person Pronouns in Afrikaans

... Adding -self to a pronominal element can make a reflexive predicate from a predicate that would not allow a reflexive interpretation if a pronoun or SE anaphor were used instead; John hates him cannot mean that John hates John, but adding -self (John hates himself) makes the sentence (obligatory) re ...
Metapragmatic presentationals - Create and Use Your home
Metapragmatic presentationals - Create and Use Your home

... the meaning of kz- is 'golwent like this' where the bound pronoun serving as logical subject specifies the source of the quoted utterance in relation to the current event, where the replicated communication indicates both the communicative modality and, in conjunction with verbal and nonverbal conte ...
The Substitution Interpretation of the Quantifiers
The Substitution Interpretation of the Quantifiers

... to Professor Bas C. van Fraassen for bringing this to our attention. The idea has also been employed by P. T. Geach in his "Quantification theory and the problem of identifying objects of reference" in Acta Philosophica Fennica, 1963, and by Henry S. Leonard in his "Essences, attributes, and predica ...
Tense and Aspect in Urdu
Tense and Aspect in Urdu

... The role of the case marker in (0b), however, poses a puzzle. As shown below (section 3.3.3), it can also be used in other contexts with verbal nouns/infinitives to express tense. Despite existing work on the future system of Urdu/Hindi (Nespital, 1981), we are not aware of a serious analysis of the ...
A Graph Theoretical Analysis of Certain Aspects of Bahasa Indonesia
A Graph Theoretical Analysis of Certain Aspects of Bahasa Indonesia

... has a discrete mathematical nature, so can be modeled by a knowledge graph, that is called mind graph. The vertices of this graph correspond to somethings, the genus of all concepts. "Something" may be a perception unit, then is represented by a single token but, more generally, will be a complex st ...
Lecture 2: Phrase Structure
Lecture 2: Phrase Structure

... which could yield information about many aspects of language. The fact that groups of words, and not just the words themselves, have distributions was a major factor in development of the idea that sentences should be analysed as constituted of phrases. Just as distributional patterns could be used ...
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Spanish grammar

Spanish grammar is the grammar of the Spanish language (español, castellano), which is a Romance language that originated in north central Spain and is spoken today throughout Spain, some twenty countries in the Americas, and Equatorial Guinea.Spanish is an inflected language. The verbs are potentially marked for tense, aspect, mood, person, and number (resulting in some fifty conjugated forms per verb). The nouns form a two-gender system and are marked for number. Pronouns can be inflected for person, number, gender (including a residual neuter), and case, although the Spanish pronominal system represents a simplification of the ancestral Latin system.Spanish was the first of the European vernaculars to have a grammar treatise, Gramática de la lengua castellana, written in 1492 by the Andalusian linguist Antonio de Nebrija and presented to Isabella of Castile at Salamanca.The Real Academia Española (RAE) traditionally dictates the normative rules of the Spanish language, as well as its orthography.Formal differences between Peninsular and American Spanish are remarkably few, and someone who has learned the dialect of one area will have no difficulties using reasonably formal speech in the other; however, pronunciation does vary, as well as grammar and vocabulary.Recently published comprehensive Spanish reference grammars in English include DeBruyne (1996), Butt & Benjamin (2004), and Batchelor & San José (2010).
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