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A Verbal Alternation under a Scalar Constraint
A Verbal Alternation under a Scalar Constraint

... stuff”) does not arise from this overt P. First, different languages lexicalize it in different ways (English of, Swedish på ‘on’, Norwegian for ‘for’, Russian ot ‘from’); it would be an unlikely accident for these different prepositions to all mean WITHOUT when occurring in frame B. Second, the beh ...
Reflexives and Reciprocals in Copala Trique
Reflexives and Reciprocals in Copala Trique

... and sa3na1 'woman', and the pronouns Viuh''first-person-singular' and zo?2 'second-person-singular', are identical in form whether they function as possessive determiners or as heads. The words that mean 'machete' and 'thread', on the other hand, which are always head nouns in these examples, differ ...
free modifier
free modifier

... How do YOU write appositives? After you Throw Up, you go back and STAR revise. The Add part in STAR means you look for boring sentences and combine them OR you look at ways you can add free modifiers. This is the art of writing. This is why it takes a great author a long time to write a book. These ...
File
File

... skills and knowledge to be able to break it down into smaller bits, making it much easier to handle. We call those bits “clauses” and “verb phrases.” To understand sentences, clauses, and verb phrases, we first have to understand verbs. We say that verbs are either finite, “finished,” or non-finite, ...
« Root alternation » and intransitive morphology in ST languages
« Root alternation » and intransitive morphology in ST languages

... changing transitive verbs into intransitive ones. He noted that his best examples were Chinese loanwords, but could not explain why. I agree with Downer’s reconstruction of an intransitivizing nasal prefix, but the fact that this morphological process only occurs with Chinese loanwords clearly indic ...
Image Grammar 5 Brushstrokes
Image Grammar 5 Brushstrokes

... does not contain both a verb and a subject; therefore, it isn’t a complete sentence. ...
QuenyaLessons - Council of Elrond
QuenyaLessons - Council of Elrond

... The present tense in Quenya corresponds closely to the present continuous in English; it is used to describe ongoing actions, such as e.g. "the child is eating" (i hína máta) as opposed to "the child eats" (i hína matë). ). Notice that there is no "is" in the Quenya present tense - "máta" means "is ...
``Finite`` and ``nonfinite`` from a typological perspective
``Finite`` and ``nonfinite`` from a typological perspective

... where the question of sentence structure is open to discussion,13 predication must be articulated with a verbal predicate, often with a ‘‘dummy verb’’ (copula), as the translation of (11a) shows. From this grammaticization of verbal predication, a number of conceptual problems follow, such as the pr ...
(I) Word Classes and Phrases
(I) Word Classes and Phrases

... The Cultural and Social Anthropology Department deal with the many aspects of the social lives of people around the world. 5. The English for Academic Purposes Modules run by the highly qualified teachers in the language and learning unit, are available to all students of Queen Mary University of L ...
A Collocation Database for German Verbs and Nouns
A Collocation Database for German Verbs and Nouns

... cf. Harris (1968), and therefore constitutes an essential part of lexical dictionary entries. For example, within the lexical entry for the verb essen ‘to eat’, one would expect to find collocational nouns representing the transitive verb’s direct object choice for food, such as Brot ‘bread‘, Fleisc ...
Some Properties of Preposition and Subordinate Conjunction
Some Properties of Preposition and Subordinate Conjunction

... The training run ends when the next rule found repairs less than a threshold number of errors. The rules are then run in the same order on the test set (which also starts at an all adjacent attachment state) to see how well they do. The system makes its decisions based on the head (main) word of eac ...
Adjectives and Adverbs
Adjectives and Adverbs

... Many adjectives are formed by adding the endings –able, –ful, –ish, –less, or – y to nouns and verbs. agree – – – – – – – – –agreeable help – – – – – – – – – –helpful fool – – – – – – – – – –foolish care – – – – – – – – – –careless noise – – – – – – – – –noisy * The articles (a, an, the) and the pos ...
Relative Clauses - The Tlingit Language
Relative Clauses - The Tlingit Language

... ) gave more details regarding the suf ixless type, which I analyze as a - derivation. These look similar to - marked relative clauses but are distinct. One simple difference is that a relative clause cannot be possessed but a nominalized clause can be possessed. For example, the main clause verb i ...
Terms for 2015-2016 Fall Semester Exam
Terms for 2015-2016 Fall Semester Exam

... Voice: a vague metaphorical term referring to characteristics displayed by the narrator/poetic speaker assessed in terms of tone, style, and personality W Witticism: an invention, in speech or writing, of clever and skillful invention, usually humorous Adverb Clause: a clause that begins with a subo ...
One of the main topics in the grammar acquisition research is matter
One of the main topics in the grammar acquisition research is matter

... singular in one class of feminine nouns (žen-a); the verbs used in the present study have the endings -á (čeká „waits“) or –í (brečí „cries“) in 3rd person singular, or -at (čekat) and -et (brečet) in infinitive. Zero marked forms that are used include nominative singular forms of most masculine nou ...
word-formation in english
word-formation in english

... you will realize that speakers do not make pauses before or after each word. Perhaps we could say that words can be surrounded by potential pauses in speech. This criterion works much better, but it runs into problems because speakers can and do make pauses not only between words but also between sy ...
Working for Two: a Bidirectional Grammar for a Controlled Natural
Working for Two: a Bidirectional Grammar for a Controlled Natural

... And a noun phrase antecedent under a disjunction – as for example in (34) – is accessible if the anaphoric expression occurs in one of the subsequent disjuncts: 34. John sends a letter to Mary or brings the letter to Mary. An anaphoric expression can be syntactically less specific than its noun phra ...
The Noun
The Noun

... The book is mainly written as a self-study book, but may also be used in class with a teacher. It revises some of the most difficult points of grammar that third-year students have already studied; it will also introduce them to many more features of English grammar appropriate to an advanced level ...
eg A fool can no more see his own folly than he can see his ears
eg A fool can no more see his own folly than he can see his ears

... Here the problem is dealt with according to the principle of proximity. e.g. My sisters or my brother is likely to be at home. Either my father or my brothers are coming. Informally we can have the following use: e.g. Neither he nor his wife have arrived. In formal cases, especially in exams, “neith ...
Kurmanji grammar
Kurmanji grammar

... vocabulary in the back. Generally words are not glossed more than once in the notes because any word encountered a second time should be learned actively. Words are glossed after the first instance only if they are rare enough to warrant being ignored for acquisition. The Kurdish–English vocabulary ...
headlines
headlines

... Use the active voice: Effective headlines usually involve logical sentence structure, active voice and strong present-tense verbs. As with any good writing, good headlines are driven by good verbs. A “capital” idea: The first word in the head should be capitalized as should all proper nouns. Most he ...
SynTagRus – a deeply annotated corpus of Russian1 Abstract. The
SynTagRus – a deeply annotated corpus of Russian1 Abstract. The

... I have forgotten her and do not wish to see her’ contains толковать 1 even though its third valency (of content) is presented in a highly non-canonical way – by a subordinate clause introduced with the conjunction как будто. As follows from these examples, it is not at all easy to provide quality le ...
Markéta Lopatková, Jarmila Panevová
Markéta Lopatková, Jarmila Panevová

... corresponding to (either required or specifically permitted) complements of a given verb. Each valency slot is characterized by its functor, i.e. the name of the syntactic-semantic relation (labels of underlying roles), and the possible morphemic form(s) (specification of morphemic case, preposition ...
Sample Lesson - Common Sense Press
Sample Lesson - Common Sense Press

... d. Circle all the conjunctions in the literature passage. 3. a. Conjunctions are also used to join two sentences. Punctuate a compound sentence with a comma before the conjunction. To tell if the sentence is a compound sentence, read the first part separately. Does it have a subject? Does it have a ...
The Past Perfect Tense [Madrasati @ Abdessalami On_line]
The Past Perfect Tense [Madrasati @ Abdessalami On_line]

... BEFORE, AFTER AND WHEN In time clauses, the past perfect tense is used when a past action followed another. But generally the lapse of time which separates the two actions is not defined. Let’s take the example above and try to show how much time (long or short) had elapsed before the following acti ...
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Pipil grammar

This article provides a grammar sketch of the Nawat or Pipil language, an endangered language spoken by the Pipils of western El Salvador, belonging to the Nahua group within the Uto-Aztecan language family. There also exists a brief typological overview of the language that summarizes the language's most salient features of general typological interest in more technical terms.
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