Chapter 3 Noun inflection and pronouns
... plural suffix. This curious homophony is widespread in Algonquian and is reconstructed for the proto-language (Bloomfield 1946:95). The suffixes in (1) are found on all nouns except those marked for locative, prepositional, or vocative case. Two other points about number should be mentioned here: fi ...
... plural suffix. This curious homophony is widespread in Algonquian and is reconstructed for the proto-language (Bloomfield 1946:95). The suffixes in (1) are found on all nouns except those marked for locative, prepositional, or vocative case. Two other points about number should be mentioned here: fi ...
Chapter 3 Nouns and noun phrases
... In Sandawe most of the encoding of number takes place on subject clitics (section 5.1) and in the verbal paradigm, where plural number of participants is expressed morphologically (see section 6.4). This section deals exclusively with number marking on nouns. Most nouns have no regular morphological ...
... In Sandawe most of the encoding of number takes place on subject clitics (section 5.1) and in the verbal paradigm, where plural number of participants is expressed morphologically (see section 6.4). This section deals exclusively with number marking on nouns. Most nouns have no regular morphological ...
Constructing grammatical meaning
... The material thus presents interesting observations with respect to simple iconic correlations between relative bulk and predictability/familiarity as they have been applied in the semantically based accounts of Russian (Haiman 1983, Kemmer 1993), and it also speaks to Kemmer’s typology of reflexives ...
... The material thus presents interesting observations with respect to simple iconic correlations between relative bulk and predictability/familiarity as they have been applied in the semantically based accounts of Russian (Haiman 1983, Kemmer 1993), and it also speaks to Kemmer’s typology of reflexives ...
Yaqui coordination - University of Arizona
... Observations: a) the Yaqui unmarked word order is SOV, b) into ‘and’ can occur in second position if the coordinate sentences contain different subjects. Before into ‘and’ several types of elements can appear, the exemplified in the dissertation are: nouns, adverbials, and determiners. ...
... Observations: a) the Yaqui unmarked word order is SOV, b) into ‘and’ can occur in second position if the coordinate sentences contain different subjects. Before into ‘and’ several types of elements can appear, the exemplified in the dissertation are: nouns, adverbials, and determiners. ...
An Introductory Course in Theoretical English Grammar
... something written. The part tikē derives from technē and meant art. Hence grammatikē is the art of writing. Since its appearance in ancient Greece the term has undergone considerable modifications. In ancient Greece and ancient Rome the terms grammatikē and grammatica respectively denoted the whole ...
... something written. The part tikē derives from technē and meant art. Hence grammatikē is the art of writing. Since its appearance in ancient Greece the term has undergone considerable modifications. In ancient Greece and ancient Rome the terms grammatikē and grammatica respectively denoted the whole ...
1 Anatolian Syntax – The Simple Sentence Silvia Luraghi Universitŕ
... The connectives in slots (a) and (b) can, and often do, cooccur with each other and with prepositive connectives. The first of the two is the coordinating conjunctions, which can also function as phrasal conjunction. The function of particle -t is not clear; sometimes it also displays the form -it, ...
... The connectives in slots (a) and (b) can, and often do, cooccur with each other and with prepositive connectives. The first of the two is the coordinating conjunctions, which can also function as phrasal conjunction. The function of particle -t is not clear; sometimes it also displays the form -it, ...
An outstanding property of the Gbe languages is that they manifest
... I further suggest that the verb always follows the tense and aspect markers in Gungbe because those markers do not qualify as affixes. As a consequence, subsequent verb movement to the left of the IP-markers is blocked: the verb cannot attach to the intervening IP-marker. Notice, however that, unlik ...
... I further suggest that the verb always follows the tense and aspect markers in Gungbe because those markers do not qualify as affixes. As a consequence, subsequent verb movement to the left of the IP-markers is blocked: the verb cannot attach to the intervening IP-marker. Notice, however that, unlik ...
Noisy-context surprisal as a human sentence - TedLab
... 2. Equations (1-2) indicate how this probability is calculated: the cost of a word wi in context w1:i-1 is the expected log probability of wi given possible observed contexts V resulting from the application of noise to w1:i-1. We investigate the theoretical viability of noisy-context surprisal in ...
... 2. Equations (1-2) indicate how this probability is calculated: the cost of a word wi in context w1:i-1 is the expected log probability of wi given possible observed contexts V resulting from the application of noise to w1:i-1. We investigate the theoretical viability of noisy-context surprisal in ...
Phrasal Verbs: A Problem for ESL/EFL Learners and Suggested
... For Fletcher and Patrick (2004), a phrasal verb is a particular subset of verbparticle combinations which consist of a single-word verb and a particle, whether preposition or adverb. They further adopt the definition of a phrasal verb as mentioned in Dixon’s work (1987) and describe it as “considere ...
... For Fletcher and Patrick (2004), a phrasal verb is a particular subset of verbparticle combinations which consist of a single-word verb and a particle, whether preposition or adverb. They further adopt the definition of a phrasal verb as mentioned in Dixon’s work (1987) and describe it as “considere ...
rhetorical grammar
... One special kind of verb is called a modal. Modals are different from helping verbs such as have, do, and be. Unlike those verbs, modals don’t have endings like regular verbs. We say, “The policeman has stopped the car,” but we don’t say, “The policeman cans stop the speeding car.” Modals are a spec ...
... One special kind of verb is called a modal. Modals are different from helping verbs such as have, do, and be. Unlike those verbs, modals don’t have endings like regular verbs. We say, “The policeman has stopped the car,” but we don’t say, “The policeman cans stop the speeding car.” Modals are a spec ...
Parts of Speech
... Some linking verbs are am, is, are, war, were, be, being and been. Other linking verbs express the senses: feels, appears, tastes, sounds, seems, looks. All sentences have at least one verb, many sentences will have more than one verb. Verbs may appear singly or in phrases. Becky wrote a check for h ...
... Some linking verbs are am, is, are, war, were, be, being and been. Other linking verbs express the senses: feels, appears, tastes, sounds, seems, looks. All sentences have at least one verb, many sentences will have more than one verb. Verbs may appear singly or in phrases. Becky wrote a check for h ...
PDF file - University of Cambridge
... there is no suggestion that any current or past instance of the form down is potentially ambiguous between a prepositional and a verbal analysis.4 Therefore, lexicalization of grammatical items is not ‘grammaticalization in reverse’ and is therefore not degrammaticalization. None of the five process ...
... there is no suggestion that any current or past instance of the form down is potentially ambiguous between a prepositional and a verbal analysis.4 Therefore, lexicalization of grammatical items is not ‘grammaticalization in reverse’ and is therefore not degrammaticalization. None of the five process ...
Morphological Aspects of English Adjectival
... in the same indulgent but-isn't-he-cute voice. (SKPS, 212) her as-yet-incomplete set of Depression glassware... (SK, 181) To act in this as-if-I-were-a-human-engineer manner... (CWM, 129) ...
... in the same indulgent but-isn't-he-cute voice. (SKPS, 212) her as-yet-incomplete set of Depression glassware... (SK, 181) To act in this as-if-I-were-a-human-engineer manner... (CWM, 129) ...
Third year Students/Essay Writing 2014
... contain a verb form which lacks agreement. There is a third important difference between the two types of complement clause in (234a, 237a) and (234b, 237b), as we can see from the fact that if we replace the subject John by a pronoun overtly marked for case, we require the nominative form he in (23 ...
... contain a verb form which lacks agreement. There is a third important difference between the two types of complement clause in (234a, 237a) and (234b, 237b), as we can see from the fact that if we replace the subject John by a pronoun overtly marked for case, we require the nominative form he in (23 ...
À Hubert Cuyckens - Université Paris
... And, of course, usual nouns and adjectives with a lexical meaning are issued from the rigidification of an agglutinated nominal syntagm, where the noun which is the head of the syntagm is modified by an adjective or another noun in the genitive case. In this last situation, the genitive case may sti ...
... And, of course, usual nouns and adjectives with a lexical meaning are issued from the rigidification of an agglutinated nominal syntagm, where the noun which is the head of the syntagm is modified by an adjective or another noun in the genitive case. In this last situation, the genitive case may sti ...
Rules for Fixing Pronoun Agreement Errors
... Can you believe it? Somebody left their her dog in a hot car with the windows rolled up! Nothing is in their its place after the violent shaking from the earthquake. Because this group of indefinite pronouns is singular, your choice of singular pronoun might strike some people as sexist. If, for exa ...
... Can you believe it? Somebody left their her dog in a hot car with the windows rolled up! Nothing is in their its place after the violent shaking from the earthquake. Because this group of indefinite pronouns is singular, your choice of singular pronoun might strike some people as sexist. If, for exa ...
APPLICATION OF FINITE-STATE TRANSDUCERS TO THE
... The resulting finite-state grammar contains more than 300 rules. It has been applied to a corpus of 111,000 sentences from newspaper texts, totaling two million words. When dealing with unrestricted texts there are several extra difficulties added to the problem of ambiguity, such as multiword lexic ...
... The resulting finite-state grammar contains more than 300 rules. It has been applied to a corpus of 111,000 sentences from newspaper texts, totaling two million words. When dealing with unrestricted texts there are several extra difficulties added to the problem of ambiguity, such as multiword lexic ...
Semantic context influences memory for verbs more than memory for
... and so forth. A manner-of-motion verb (e.g., run) may indicate which of these different manners of motion is relevant in a given situation. Because manner-of-motion information is associated with nouns in this theory, the meanings of manner-of-motion verbs may change dramatically in the context of d ...
... and so forth. A manner-of-motion verb (e.g., run) may indicate which of these different manners of motion is relevant in a given situation. Because manner-of-motion information is associated with nouns in this theory, the meanings of manner-of-motion verbs may change dramatically in the context of d ...
Inevitable reanalysis - Universität Konstanz
... a prepositional phrase (of dūne ‘from the hill’), originally did not take a noun phrase complement but was to permit one later (to slide down the dune, to exemplify this with its own old self surviving as a noun). While adpositions supposedly all derive from words of other word classes, adpositions ...
... a prepositional phrase (of dūne ‘from the hill’), originally did not take a noun phrase complement but was to permit one later (to slide down the dune, to exemplify this with its own old self surviving as a noun). While adpositions supposedly all derive from words of other word classes, adpositions ...
LESSON PLAN
... Objective: to revise past tense form and past participle of various common verbs SS work in pairs. They play "four-in-a-row" to revise verb forms. There is a third S to each pair to act as a resource to check whether answers are correct. 2. LEAD-IN TO THE PRESENTATION Objective: To build up meanin ...
... Objective: to revise past tense form and past participle of various common verbs SS work in pairs. They play "four-in-a-row" to revise verb forms. There is a third S to each pair to act as a resource to check whether answers are correct. 2. LEAD-IN TO THE PRESENTATION Objective: To build up meanin ...
Information Structure and Unmarked Word order in (Older) Germanic
... Scandinavian. This development involved a change from the presumed Indo-European basic OV order to the basic VO order in these languages. In this scenario, German (and Dutch) retained (modulo some changes in the application of extraposition) the inherited base order. The traditional explanation of t ...
... Scandinavian. This development involved a change from the presumed Indo-European basic OV order to the basic VO order in these languages. In this scenario, German (and Dutch) retained (modulo some changes in the application of extraposition) the inherited base order. The traditional explanation of t ...
Compounds - ELTE / SEAS
... stir-fry, within are obviously all lexicalized, i.e. listemes, i.e. listed, i.e. items in the “list” of the mental lexicon. They are not put together “on the fly”, i.e. online from their components, but used as ready-made wholes. Phrasal verbs – especially the idiomatic ones (e.g. come to ‘regain co ...
... stir-fry, within are obviously all lexicalized, i.e. listemes, i.e. listed, i.e. items in the “list” of the mental lexicon. They are not put together “on the fly”, i.e. online from their components, but used as ready-made wholes. Phrasal verbs – especially the idiomatic ones (e.g. come to ‘regain co ...
LECTURE 4
... C: My husband and my co-author are satisfied with the last chapter. (2 different people) A: My husband and my co-author is satisfied with the last chapter. (one person) Two or more noun phrases are in apposition when they have identity of reference. ...
... C: My husband and my co-author are satisfied with the last chapter. (2 different people) A: My husband and my co-author is satisfied with the last chapter. (one person) Two or more noun phrases are in apposition when they have identity of reference. ...
ppt
... Example: If-then statements The may be able to say things like, “If I eat all my spinach, I can have ice cream for dessert” while still not understanding the full implications of if-then statements. (In fact, many adults don’t understand them either until they take a logic class.) A version of if-th ...
... Example: If-then statements The may be able to say things like, “If I eat all my spinach, I can have ice cream for dessert” while still not understanding the full implications of if-then statements. (In fact, many adults don’t understand them either until they take a logic class.) A version of if-th ...
modalverbs 6l - Read Free Books Online
... conditionals, and reported speech. Finally, a guide to punctuation gives students clear and up-to-date information on such important topics as the use ofthe apostrophe, capital letters, and full stops. Collins' u ndertal(ing to represent real Eng lish u nderpins our approach. The Collins corpus is a ...
... conditionals, and reported speech. Finally, a guide to punctuation gives students clear and up-to-date information on such important topics as the use ofthe apostrophe, capital letters, and full stops. Collins' u ndertal(ing to represent real Eng lish u nderpins our approach. The Collins corpus is a ...