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Ten-Tec 1254 Manual
Ten-Tec 1254 Manual

... Convenient default or "empty" memory: 15 MHz (WWV) Synthesized 45-75 MHz local oscillator 45 MHz first IF 455 kHz second IF 4 kHz filter bandwidth combines good AM audio response with excellent SSB-CW selectivity Semiconductors: 10 IC 's, 26 transistors, 16 diodes Antenna connector can ...
Noise on Vcc Webinar - Wireless Telecom Group
Noise on Vcc Webinar - Wireless Telecom Group

... – Reference oscillator noise causes the PFD low/high outputs to constantly vary attempting to lock the phase – EMI/RFI on the loop filter, VCO network creates hysteresis in the PLL final output – The loss or the inability to lock the phase of Ref in and VCO output signal ...
MAX1682/MAX1683 Switched-Capacitor Voltage Doublers General Description ____________________________Features
MAX1682/MAX1683 Switched-Capacitor Voltage Doublers General Description ____________________________Features

... charge-pump voltage doublers accept input voltages ranging from +2.0V to +5.5V. Their high voltage-conversion efficiency (over 98%) and low operating current (110µA for MAX1682) make these devices ideal for both battery-powered and board-level voltage-doubler applications. ...
AN2321: Designing for Board Level Electromagnetic
AN2321: Designing for Board Level Electromagnetic

... During active device switching, the high frequency switching noise created is distributed along the power supply lines. The main function of the decoupling capacitor is to provide a localized source of DC power for the active devices, thus reducing the switching noise propagating across the board an ...
Fundamental limits to force detection using quartz tuning forks
Fundamental limits to force detection using quartz tuning forks

... series RLC oscillator and is due only to the motion of the quartz resonator. The resulting current is measured as a voltage, V out , across R g . The response of the circuit V out /V in is shown as a function of frequency in 共b兲. The solid line is a fit to Eq. 共1兲, demonstrating that the tuning fork ...
max3221-max3243.pdf
max3221-max3243.pdf

... MAX3221/MAX3223/MAX3243 sense no valid signal levels on all receiver inputs for 30µs, the on-board power supply and drivers are shut off, reducing supply current to 1µA. This occurs if the RS-232 cable is disconnected or the connected peripheral transmitters are turned off. The system turns on again ...
a general approach for optimizing dynamic response for buck
a general approach for optimizing dynamic response for buck

... buck, push−pull, half−bridge and full−bridge using either voltage or current mode control techniques. These converters exhibit a relatively low phase shift below the pole contributed by the output filter, so no phase boost is required from the compensation network stage. Type−I compensation network ...
Design Guidelines for Flyback Converter Using HFC0400
Design Guidelines for Flyback Converter Using HFC0400

... mode (CCM) with a wide input voltage range as the built in slope compensation helps to avoid subharmonic oscillation when duty is larger than 0.5. The IC implements a frequency foldback down to 25 kHz at light load condition for excellent efficiency at all load range. HFC0400 offers frequency jitter ...
MAX9989/MAX9990 +14dBm to +20dBm LO Buffers with ±1dB Variation General Description
MAX9989/MAX9990 +14dBm to +20dBm LO Buffers with ±1dB Variation General Description

... single-input amplifier, an output amplifier, and a second buffer amplifier to drive the LO’s PLL. The bias currents for the amplifiers are adjustable through off-chip resistors, allowing the output level to be precision set anywhere from +14dBm to +20dBm. The PLL output is preset to +3dBm (about 900 ...
LTC1666/LTC1667/LTC1668 - 12-Bit, 14-Bit, 16
LTC1666/LTC1667/LTC1668 - 12-Bit, 14-Bit, 16

... 1.25mA load (IOUTFS = 10mA). REFOUT has nominal output impedance of 6Ω, or 0.24% per mA, so it must be buffered to drive any additional external load. A 0.1µF capacitor is required on the REFOUT pin for compensation. Note that this capacitor is required for stability, even if the internal reference ...
Interfaces - Heidenhain
Interfaces - Heidenhain

Interfaces - Heidenhain
Interfaces - Heidenhain

... HEIDENHAIN encoders with » 1 VPP interface provide voltage signals that can be highly interpolated. The sinusoidal incremental signals A and B are phase-shifted by 90° elec. and have amplitudes of typically 1 VPP. The illustrated sequence of output signals—with B lagging A—applies for the direction ...
C6200 GENCONTROLLER Installation Manual
C6200 GENCONTROLLER Installation Manual

Precision, 20MHz, 0.9pA, Low-Noise, RRIO, CMOS Op Amp with
Precision, 20MHz, 0.9pA, Low-Noise, RRIO, CMOS Op Amp with

... Communications Input/Output ADC/DAC Buffers Active Filters ...
ADS1251 数据资料 dataSheet 下载
ADS1251 数据资料 dataSheet 下载

... The digital filter of the ADS1251, referred to as a Sinc5 filter, computes the digital result based on the most recent outputs from the delta-sigma modulator. At the most basic level, the digital filter can be thought of as averaging the modulator results in a weighted form and presenting this avera ...
MEASUREMENT OF SURFACE DISPLACEMENT EXCITED BY EMAT TRANSDUCER Petr Fidler
MEASUREMENT OF SURFACE DISPLACEMENT EXCITED BY EMAT TRANSDUCER Petr Fidler

... relatively small item, which gives an advantage over using piezoelectric acoustic emission sensors that are limited by aperture effect at small wavelengths. In addition, laser interferometer is capable of surface displacement measuring directly under the EMAT device, which is very difficult with usi ...
User`s Guide
User`s Guide

... 1.Turning on the instrument: Press the power key on the front panel to turn on the power. After displaying “WELCOME” for 2 seconds and model number such as “PROTEK 9340” for 1 second in flashing manner. The instrument will enter into “standard waveforms” function state according the turning-on setti ...
AND8143/D A General Approach for Optimizing Dynamic Response for Buck
AND8143/D A General Approach for Optimizing Dynamic Response for Buck

... maximum phase shift of 90°. These converters are the boost, buck−boost and the fly−back topologies operating in the discontinuous mode (DCM) of operation. Forward−mode converters with current−mode control are also included. The pole caused by the output filter capacitor and the load resistance occur ...
Precursor sites for localised corrosion on lacquered tinplates
Precursor sites for localised corrosion on lacquered tinplates

... measurement of steady-state polarisation curves [1,2] have been widely used to study corrosion and provided important informations about the global properties of the metal/coating interface and its large-scale corrosion activity. However, coated surfaces are typically not corroding uniformly but con ...
AN4304 Application note Introduction
AN4304 Application note Introduction

AD7356 数据手册DataSheet下载
AD7356 数据手册DataSheet下载

... Reference Decoupling Capacitor Pins. Decoupling capacitors are connected between these pins and the REFGND pin to decouple the reference buffer for each respective ADC. It is recommended to decouple each reference pin with a 10 μF capacitor. Provided the output is buffered, the on-chip reference can ...
Using the LeakTrac 2200
Using the LeakTrac 2200

AD5934 数据手册DataSheet 下载
AD5934 数据手册DataSheet 下载

... Changes to System Description Section and Figure 14..............12 Changes to Figure 16 ......................................................................13 Changes to Frequency Sweep Command Sequence Section and ...
240 Series DIN Panel Meters
240 Series DIN Panel Meters

... Electrical value from which the measurement is derived to achieve the full scale deflection of the movement. ...
Implementation of Bioelectric Impedance Measurement
Implementation of Bioelectric Impedance Measurement

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Heterodyne



Heterodyning is a radio signal processing technique invented in 1901 by Canadian inventor-engineer Reginald Fessenden, in which new frequencies are created by combining or mixing two frequencies. Heterodyning is used to shift one frequency range into another, new one, and is also involved in the processes of modulation and demodulation. The two frequencies are combined in a nonlinear signal-processing device such as a vacuum tube, transistor, or diode, usually called a mixer. In the most common application, two signals at frequencies f1 and f2 are mixed, creating two new signals, one at the sum f1 + f2 of the two frequencies, and the other at the difference f1 − f2. These new frequencies are called heterodynes. Typically only one of the new frequencies is desired, and the other signal is filtered out of the output of the mixer. Heterodynes are related to the phenomenon of ""beats"" in acoustics.A major application of the heterodyne process is in the superheterodyne radio receiver circuit, which is used in virtually all modern radio receivers.
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