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CHEM 515 Spectroscopy
CHEM 515 Spectroscopy

... • Microwave sources are highly monochromatic (it comprises an extremely narrow range of wavelengths). This one reason that characterizes the very small bandwidth of absorption lines in the microwave region. ...
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... Rating conditions to the device may reduce device reliability. Specified typical performance or functional operation of the device under Absolute Maximum Rating conditions is not implied. The information in this publication is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assum ...
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...  Apply what is learnt to radio receiver and touch-tone telephone. ...
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UMZ-868-D16-G MICROSTRIP VOLTAGE CONTROLLED OSCILLATOR Features

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CHAPTER 1
CHAPTER 1

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Heterodyne



Heterodyning is a radio signal processing technique invented in 1901 by Canadian inventor-engineer Reginald Fessenden, in which new frequencies are created by combining or mixing two frequencies. Heterodyning is used to shift one frequency range into another, new one, and is also involved in the processes of modulation and demodulation. The two frequencies are combined in a nonlinear signal-processing device such as a vacuum tube, transistor, or diode, usually called a mixer. In the most common application, two signals at frequencies f1 and f2 are mixed, creating two new signals, one at the sum f1 + f2 of the two frequencies, and the other at the difference f1 − f2. These new frequencies are called heterodynes. Typically only one of the new frequencies is desired, and the other signal is filtered out of the output of the mixer. Heterodynes are related to the phenomenon of ""beats"" in acoustics.A major application of the heterodyne process is in the superheterodyne radio receiver circuit, which is used in virtually all modern radio receivers.
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