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ppt
ppt

... Fundamental frequency - when all frequency components of a signal are integer multiples of one frequency, it’s referred to as the fundamental frequency Spectrum - range of frequencies that a signal contains Absolute bandwidth - width of the spectrum of a signal Effective bandwidth (or just bandwidth ...
en_2-3A
en_2-3A

... model of a signal accepted by us it is necessary to separate f1 signal. For this purpose by means of low-frequency filter with boundary cutoff frequency of c2 below radio impulse f1 frequencies we will filter all frequencies of a signal in an interval 0÷c2 and we use result as the initial m1(k) fu ...
What hap- pens inside a micro- phone once a sensor detects a
What hap- pens inside a micro- phone once a sensor detects a

Class D amplifier
Class D amplifier

... the power supply and smaller heat sinks for the amplifier. These are important advantages in portable battery powered equipment. First, the input signal vs is converted into a pulse-width-modulated (PWM) signal. In order to achieve this, the input signal is compared with an (almost) triangular wavef ...
Series and Parallel Resonance - ECE, Rutgers
Series and Parallel Resonance - ECE, Rutgers

... In electrical engineering and elsewhere, frequency domain analysis or otherwise known as Fourier analysis has been predominantly used ever since the work of French physicist Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier in the early 19th century. The pioneering work of Fourier led to what are now known as Fourier Se ...
cathode-ray display of complex quantities at varying
cathode-ray display of complex quantities at varying

... In order that the pulse from P should be sufficiently strong, Vl must be approx. 5 mV. It is necessary that V2 should have the same value if the circle on the screen is to have a radius of 10 cm. ...
ECE 3041 - ECE Users Pages
ECE 3041 - ECE Users Pages

Gilbert Cell
Gilbert Cell

... mixer. Usually only one of these frequencies is wanted, the other is removed by a filter. The filter can also be used to remove the harmonic terms. For example, if the upper fundamental is kept, then the output of the mixer plus filter combination will be of the form iOD ...
KU Band Up Convertor - C-DOT Centre for Development of Telematics
KU Band Up Convertor - C-DOT Centre for Development of Telematics

Radio astronomy receiver overview
Radio astronomy receiver overview

... In principle, we could measure the power from a radio source by measuring how much it raises the temperature of an energy absorber tied to the antenna. However, radio sources are much too weak to do this directly. We need to amplify the radio source signal enough to drive a power detector. This adds ...
lab7
lab7

Some Mathematical Tools for Music-Making
Some Mathematical Tools for Music-Making

... Music, like any art form, defies scientific analysis: the scientific method seeks traits common to a given species, whereas a piece of music is significant precisely because of its differences from other pieces of music. But even if we aren’t able to find many reliable scientific laws about music, w ...
High Stability, Low Noise, Push-Push VFO
High Stability, Low Noise, Push-Push VFO

... The signal produced by two identical Clapp oscillators has equal frequencies but they are forced 180° out-of-phase by the connection of the transistor drains. As an innovation of the circuit, the source capacitors of the two oscillators use the same feedback capacitor (C1). The signal at the common ...
William Stallings Data and Computer Communications
William Stallings Data and Computer Communications

... must be enough to be detected must be sufficiently higher than noise to be received without error ...
William Stallings Data and Computer Communications
William Stallings Data and Computer Communications

chap03
chap03

Chapter 4 - William Stallings, Data and Computer
Chapter 4 - William Stallings, Data and Computer

... Light from a source enters the cylindrical glass or plastic core. Rays at shallow angles are reflected and propagated along the fiber; other rays are absorbed by the surrounding material. Multiple propagation paths exist, each with a different path length and hence time to traverse the fiber. This c ...
Heathkit AJ-11 Tuner - Antique Radio Classified
Heathkit AJ-11 Tuner - Antique Radio Classified

... isolation between the output jack and the detector stage, preventing loading of the detector. The audio signal is then coupled from the AM LEVEL control, in the cathode circuit of V4B, through the MODE SELECTOR switch to the output sockets. A whistle filter in the cathode circuit of V4B is used to r ...
DN381 - Baseband Circuits for an RFID Receiver
DN381 - Baseband Circuits for an RFID Receiver

Base Station Receiver Design Using a Direct
Base Station Receiver Design Using a Direct

What`s an Analog Signal?
What`s an Analog Signal?

File - oneNESS AND UNITY
File - oneNESS AND UNITY

... Characteristics of a radio receiver • The ultimate goal of a radio receiver is to extract the signal from the desired radio wave and build up this signal to such a level so that it can operate the load (e.g. Speaker, earphones). In checking the specifications of a radio receiver, four characteristi ...
angle modulation
angle modulation

A VIEW OF ELECTROMAGNETIC LIFE ABOVE 100 MHz
A VIEW OF ELECTROMAGNETIC LIFE ABOVE 100 MHz

modulation5 - WordPress.com
modulation5 - WordPress.com

... A. Generate only even harmonics B. Generate only odd harmonics C. Increase the efficiency D. Amplify of an AM signal 212. The term used to refer to the condition where the signal from a very strong station are superimposed on other signal being received. A. Cross-modulation interference B. Intermodu ...
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Heterodyne



Heterodyning is a radio signal processing technique invented in 1901 by Canadian inventor-engineer Reginald Fessenden, in which new frequencies are created by combining or mixing two frequencies. Heterodyning is used to shift one frequency range into another, new one, and is also involved in the processes of modulation and demodulation. The two frequencies are combined in a nonlinear signal-processing device such as a vacuum tube, transistor, or diode, usually called a mixer. In the most common application, two signals at frequencies f1 and f2 are mixed, creating two new signals, one at the sum f1 + f2 of the two frequencies, and the other at the difference f1 − f2. These new frequencies are called heterodynes. Typically only one of the new frequencies is desired, and the other signal is filtered out of the output of the mixer. Heterodynes are related to the phenomenon of ""beats"" in acoustics.A major application of the heterodyne process is in the superheterodyne radio receiver circuit, which is used in virtually all modern radio receivers.
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