Routing
... • Packets are switched, not routed, based on labels • Labels are filled in the packet header • Basic operation: – Ingress LER (Label Edge Router) pushes a label in front of the IP header – LSR (Label Switch Router) does label swapping – Egress LER removes the label ...
... • Packets are switched, not routed, based on labels • Labels are filled in the packet header • Basic operation: – Ingress LER (Label Edge Router) pushes a label in front of the IP header – LSR (Label Switch Router) does label swapping – Egress LER removes the label ...
Interconnection Networks
... – IP : layer above interconnection network - routes datagram to destination machine – TCP : layer above IP - guaranees reliable, in-order delivery and prevents corruption of data ...
... – IP : layer above interconnection network - routes datagram to destination machine – TCP : layer above IP - guaranees reliable, in-order delivery and prevents corruption of data ...
The HOPI Testbed and the new Internet2 Network
... • Given the application challenges, what is the best way to utilize that infrastructure? • Also, access to additional infrastructure has given rise to the “hybrid networking” idea - meaning operating networks at multiple layers in a coherent way • Three years ago, Internet2 created the Hybrid Optica ...
... • Given the application challenges, what is the best way to utilize that infrastructure? • Also, access to additional infrastructure has given rise to the “hybrid networking” idea - meaning operating networks at multiple layers in a coherent way • Three years ago, Internet2 created the Hybrid Optica ...
Chapter 13 WAN Technologies and Routing
... aka Next-Hop Forwarding a packet switch keeps a routing table of the next place (hop) to send a packet so the packet will eventually reach its destination (figure 13.4) When forwarding a packet, a packet switch only needs to examine the first part of a hierarchical address. routing table can be kept ...
... aka Next-Hop Forwarding a packet switch keeps a routing table of the next place (hop) to send a packet so the packet will eventually reach its destination (figure 13.4) When forwarding a packet, a packet switch only needs to examine the first part of a hierarchical address. routing table can be kept ...
PowerPoint XP
... LAN 2 Act like switches Packets are copied as they transmitted across different networks LAN 1 ...
... LAN 2 Act like switches Packets are copied as they transmitted across different networks LAN 1 ...
WAN - ULB
... • Error control handled by higher layers • Higher performance and transmission efficiency ...
... • Error control handled by higher layers • Higher performance and transmission efficiency ...
New Bulgarian University
... Uses simple FSM (Finite state machine) that uses six states – idle, connect, active, OpenSent, OpenConfirm, established Advantage – supports almost limitless number of addresses in the routing table and can shift between them very fast Disadvantage – these big, heavily-loaded routes require powerful ...
... Uses simple FSM (Finite state machine) that uses six states – idle, connect, active, OpenSent, OpenConfirm, established Advantage – supports almost limitless number of addresses in the routing table and can shift between them very fast Disadvantage – these big, heavily-loaded routes require powerful ...
CCL Advanced Applications (Cont`d)
... • each flow gets its own individual queue with a share of the link ...
... • each flow gets its own individual queue with a share of the link ...
MPLS Traffic Engineering (TE) Tutorial
... To avoid IP lookup MPLS packets carry extra information called “Label” Packet forwarding decision is made using label-based lookups Label ...
... To avoid IP lookup MPLS packets carry extra information called “Label” Packet forwarding decision is made using label-based lookups Label ...
Slides for Chapter 3: Networking and Internetworking
... Protocols at this level transmit data in a network representation that is independent of the representations used in individual computers, which may differ. Encryption is also performed in this layer, if required. At this level reliability and adaptation are performed, such as detection of failures ...
... Protocols at this level transmit data in a network representation that is independent of the representations used in individual computers, which may differ. Encryption is also performed in this layer, if required. At this level reliability and adaptation are performed, such as detection of failures ...
FIRE: Flexible Intra-AS Routing Environment
... Fabrice Tchakountio, Beverly Schwartz, Matthew Condell, Bob Clements, and Steve Kent) ...
... Fabrice Tchakountio, Beverly Schwartz, Matthew Condell, Bob Clements, and Steve Kent) ...
Implementing a National Co-Managed MPLS Neworkat RTH
... NWSnet MPLS network architecture was chosen as the replacement for NOAA national point-to-point circuits (NOAAnet) ...
... NWSnet MPLS network architecture was chosen as the replacement for NOAA national point-to-point circuits (NOAAnet) ...
1 It is desired to send a sequence of computer screen images over
... 9. Briefly describe the difference between switches and hubs. 10. Give two example computer applications for which connection-oriented service is appropriate. Now give two examples for which connectionless service is best. 11. Datagram subnets route each packet as a separate unit, independent of all ...
... 9. Briefly describe the difference between switches and hubs. 10. Give two example computer applications for which connection-oriented service is appropriate. Now give two examples for which connectionless service is best. 11. Datagram subnets route each packet as a separate unit, independent of all ...
Integrated Telecommunication Networks I
... 1. Assume that the distance-vector routing protocol with poison reverse is used on the network depicted on the right to generate the routing tables. The network consists of five routers (A to E) interconnected by the seven connections represented. a) Calculate the content of the distance vectors sen ...
... 1. Assume that the distance-vector routing protocol with poison reverse is used on the network depicted on the right to generate the routing tables. The network consists of five routers (A to E) interconnected by the seven connections represented. a) Calculate the content of the distance vectors sen ...
Document
... LAN 2 Act like switches Packets are copied as they transmitted across different networks LAN 1 ...
... LAN 2 Act like switches Packets are copied as they transmitted across different networks LAN 1 ...
Internet Protocol (IP):
... With multiple subnets, an IP packet may be larger than some MTUs in the path The smallest MTU in the path is known as the Minimum MTU ...
... With multiple subnets, an IP packet may be larger than some MTUs in the path The smallest MTU in the path is known as the Minimum MTU ...
07/08 Semester B - City University of Hong Kong
... PCM highways and m outgoing PCM highways, each having n channels. There are two cases: 1) Each call from an incoming PCM highway is to be connected to a particular channel in a selected outgoing PCM highway, and 2) Each call from an incoming PCM highway is to be connected to a selected outgoing PCM ...
... PCM highways and m outgoing PCM highways, each having n channels. There are two cases: 1) Each call from an incoming PCM highway is to be connected to a particular channel in a selected outgoing PCM highway, and 2) Each call from an incoming PCM highway is to be connected to a selected outgoing PCM ...
Campus Area Networking
... (CoS) differentiates high-priority traffic from lower-priority traffic. Tags may be added to the packets to identify such classes, but they do not guarantee delivery as do quality of service (QoS) functions, which are implemented in the network devices. TechEncyclopedia, 2003(class of service) ...
... (CoS) differentiates high-priority traffic from lower-priority traffic. Tags may be added to the packets to identify such classes, but they do not guarantee delivery as do quality of service (QoS) functions, which are implemented in the network devices. TechEncyclopedia, 2003(class of service) ...
PPT Version
... ERO list should know how to forward the IP TE tunnel traffic without installing the IP TE host route by RSVP ...
... ERO list should know how to forward the IP TE tunnel traffic without installing the IP TE host route by RSVP ...
ppt
... Forwarding behavior independent of layer 2 and layer 3 Data transmission occurs on Label Switched Paths (LSP) Labels are distributed using Label Distribution Protocol (LDP), or RSVP, or piggybacked on BGP and OSPF ...
... Forwarding behavior independent of layer 2 and layer 3 Data transmission occurs on Label Switched Paths (LSP) Labels are distributed using Label Distribution Protocol (LDP), or RSVP, or piggybacked on BGP and OSPF ...
Solutions
... CRC can both correct and detect errors. o No, it can only correct. • 2-d parity can detect all 2-bit errors and correct all 1-bit errors. • 4B/5B encoding solves the problem of long sequences of zeroes but still has issues with long sequences of 1s. o No. 4B/5B uses NRZI to get over the issue of a l ...
... CRC can both correct and detect errors. o No, it can only correct. • 2-d parity can detect all 2-bit errors and correct all 1-bit errors. • 4B/5B encoding solves the problem of long sequences of zeroes but still has issues with long sequences of 1s. o No. 4B/5B uses NRZI to get over the issue of a l ...
