Is the Quantum State Real? An Extended Review of ψ
... of any observer or agent. In other words, ontic states are the things that would still exist if all intelligent beings were suddenly wiped out from the universe. On the other hand, “epistemology” is the branch of philosophy that studies of the nature and scope of knowledge. An epistemic state is the ...
... of any observer or agent. In other words, ontic states are the things that would still exist if all intelligent beings were suddenly wiped out from the universe. On the other hand, “epistemology” is the branch of philosophy that studies of the nature and scope of knowledge. An epistemic state is the ...
Quantum-like Decision Making and Disjunction Effect
... based on the mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics (QM) and its generalizations, can be successfully applied to cognitive science, psychology, genetics, the economy, finances, and game theory. This book is not about quantum mechanics as a physical theory. The short review of quantum postulates ...
... based on the mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics (QM) and its generalizations, can be successfully applied to cognitive science, psychology, genetics, the economy, finances, and game theory. This book is not about quantum mechanics as a physical theory. The short review of quantum postulates ...
What Could Be Objective About Probabilities
... Stochastic dynamics has been most strongly associated, in the history of physics, with quantum theory (“God plays dice.”). And many of the ways of understanding that theory (although not all) do employ a stochastic dynamics. It is often said, for example, that there is absolutely no preceding cause ...
... Stochastic dynamics has been most strongly associated, in the history of physics, with quantum theory (“God plays dice.”). And many of the ways of understanding that theory (although not all) do employ a stochastic dynamics. It is often said, for example, that there is absolutely no preceding cause ...
What Could Be Objective About Probabilities
... Stochastic dynamics has been most strongly associated, in the history of physics, with quantum theory (“God plays dice.”). And many of the ways of understanding that theory (although not all) do employ a stochastic dynamics. It is often said, for example, that there is absolutely no preceding cause ...
... Stochastic dynamics has been most strongly associated, in the history of physics, with quantum theory (“God plays dice.”). And many of the ways of understanding that theory (although not all) do employ a stochastic dynamics. It is often said, for example, that there is absolutely no preceding cause ...
Arbitrarily large randomness distillation
... The randomness of this process depends crucially on the model that one uses to describe it. 1) The quantum state and measurement cannot be derived from the outcome probability distribution. 2) Even if they could, one cannot exclude a supra-quantum theory with more predictive power. ...
... The randomness of this process depends crucially on the model that one uses to describe it. 1) The quantum state and measurement cannot be derived from the outcome probability distribution. 2) Even if they could, one cannot exclude a supra-quantum theory with more predictive power. ...
Causes and Statistics - University of Rochester
... The Neyman-Rubin model has made major inroads in political science due to the fact that the model combines two powerful ideas: randomized experiments and the counterfactual account of causation. Criticisms of the Neyman-Rubin model are often met with the claim that there are no other options for tho ...
... The Neyman-Rubin model has made major inroads in political science due to the fact that the model combines two powerful ideas: randomized experiments and the counterfactual account of causation. Criticisms of the Neyman-Rubin model are often met with the claim that there are no other options for tho ...
1 CHANCE AND MACROEVOLUTION
... explanations are consistent with either Laplacean determinism or indeterminism. Thus, the stochasticity of the models does not depend on the stochasticity of the underlying phenomena; the underlying phenomena could be ontologically random or Laplacean deterministic (Raup et al. 1973, Gould et al. 19 ...
... explanations are consistent with either Laplacean determinism or indeterminism. Thus, the stochasticity of the models does not depend on the stochasticity of the underlying phenomena; the underlying phenomena could be ontologically random or Laplacean deterministic (Raup et al. 1973, Gould et al. 19 ...
Uncertainty and probability for branching selves
... outcome ‘up’ and ‘down’ respectively. Who can she1 expect to become at t2? Saunders (1998) argues that there are three options: (i) she1 can expect nothing (i.e. oblivion), since she1 no longer exists at t2, (ii) she1 can expect to become both she2 and she2, and (iii) she1 can expect to become on ...
... outcome ‘up’ and ‘down’ respectively. Who can she1 expect to become at t2? Saunders (1998) argues that there are three options: (i) she1 can expect nothing (i.e. oblivion), since she1 no longer exists at t2, (ii) she1 can expect to become both she2 and she2, and (iii) she1 can expect to become on ...
Uncertainty and probability for branching selves
... outcome ‘up’ and ‘down’ respectively. Who can she1 expect to become at t2? Saunders (1998) argues that there are three options: (i) she1 can expect nothing (i.e. oblivion), since she1 no longer exists at t2, (ii) she1 can expect to become both she2↑ and she2↓, and (iii) she1 can expect to become on ...
... outcome ‘up’ and ‘down’ respectively. Who can she1 expect to become at t2? Saunders (1998) argues that there are three options: (i) she1 can expect nothing (i.e. oblivion), since she1 no longer exists at t2, (ii) she1 can expect to become both she2↑ and she2↓, and (iii) she1 can expect to become on ...
Judged Probability, Unpacking Effect and Quantum Formalism
... Superadditivity has been widely reported in (Sloman et al. 2004), where they showed that implicitly unpacking a category into atypical exemplars generally yield strong superadditivity. For example, experiment 1 considers the probability of persons death causes, packed or implicitly unpacked into typ ...
... Superadditivity has been widely reported in (Sloman et al. 2004), where they showed that implicitly unpacking a category into atypical exemplars generally yield strong superadditivity. For example, experiment 1 considers the probability of persons death causes, packed or implicitly unpacked into typ ...
Quantum Arthur-Merlin Games
... Merlin. However, given that the information transmitted to Merlin in the second message is irrelevant from the point of view of the game, and may instead be viewed as just a use of the random source and not as a message, it is natural to refer to such games as one-message Arthur-Merlin games. Quantu ...
... Merlin. However, given that the information transmitted to Merlin in the second message is irrelevant from the point of view of the game, and may instead be viewed as just a use of the random source and not as a message, it is natural to refer to such games as one-message Arthur-Merlin games. Quantu ...
Quantum State Analysis: Probability theory as logic in
... Papers D-E. Furthermore, since the statistical operator describing the quantum system depends on the context, it also depends on which preparations and measurements one have at one’s disposal. This is clarified and demonstrated in Paper B. The paper also discusses and clarifies the concepts of prepa ...
... Papers D-E. Furthermore, since the statistical operator describing the quantum system depends on the context, it also depends on which preparations and measurements one have at one’s disposal. This is clarified and demonstrated in Paper B. The paper also discusses and clarifies the concepts of prepa ...
Saving Schr¨odinger`s Cat: It`s About Time (not
... at time t is certain to reveal the corresponding outcome then the corresponding proposition about the system is true at t—cannot be expected to deliver many truths. Quantum mechanics is, after all, a probabilistic theory and so few outcomes can be predicted with certainty. However, since measurement ...
... at time t is certain to reveal the corresponding outcome then the corresponding proposition about the system is true at t—cannot be expected to deliver many truths. Quantum mechanics is, after all, a probabilistic theory and so few outcomes can be predicted with certainty. However, since measurement ...
The Learnability of Quantum States
... require only two provers sending Õ(n) qubits each Can we improve on Õ(n), or get evidence against this? In defining QMA(2), does it matter whether amplitudes are ...
... require only two provers sending Õ(n) qubits each Can we improve on Õ(n), or get evidence against this? In defining QMA(2), does it matter whether amplitudes are ...
The entity and modern physics: the creation-discovery view of
... impossibility is the property of non-locality entailed by quantum entities. This non-locality effect is wellknown, in the sense that quantum theory incorporates states for a quantum entity that entail non-local effects; but the effect has now also been demonstrated in various experimental settings, ...
... impossibility is the property of non-locality entailed by quantum entities. This non-locality effect is wellknown, in the sense that quantum theory incorporates states for a quantum entity that entail non-local effects; but the effect has now also been demonstrated in various experimental settings, ...
A power point presentation - Einstein Institute of Mathematics @ The
... Our conjectures suggest that if E represents the error for state S and E' represents the error for state U(S), for a unitary operator U on V, then E' will be ``close'' to U-1EU. In particular, this implies that if U(S)=S then E' is ``close'' to U-1EU; hence UE is ``close'' to EU. ...
... Our conjectures suggest that if E represents the error for state S and E' represents the error for state U(S), for a unitary operator U on V, then E' will be ``close'' to U-1EU. In particular, this implies that if U(S)=S then E' is ``close'' to U-1EU; hence UE is ``close'' to EU. ...
Propensities Lars-Göran Johansson
... of a fair die have equal chances of coming up, so the probability distribution would be uniform in an infinite series of trials. But then, how do we know that all sides have equal chance, i.e., that the die is fair? Usually, lacking evidence to the contrary, we start by assuming a uniform distributi ...
... of a fair die have equal chances of coming up, so the probability distribution would be uniform in an infinite series of trials. But then, how do we know that all sides have equal chance, i.e., that the die is fair? Usually, lacking evidence to the contrary, we start by assuming a uniform distributi ...
- Philsci
... Probability To achieve a realist interpretation of quantum mechanics that solves the measurement problem, it suffices to postulate that an agent’s credence function or caring measure conforms to the objective quantum mechanical weights of the different branches. In fact, it is possible to prove that ...
... Probability To achieve a realist interpretation of quantum mechanics that solves the measurement problem, it suffices to postulate that an agent’s credence function or caring measure conforms to the objective quantum mechanical weights of the different branches. In fact, it is possible to prove that ...
ppt - University of Southern California
... Our conjectures suggest that if E represents the error for state S and E' represents the error for state U(S), for a unitary operator U on V, then E' will be ``close'' to U-1EU. In particular, this implies that if U(S)=S then E' is ``close'' to U-1EU; hence UE is ``close'' to EU. ...
... Our conjectures suggest that if E represents the error for state S and E' represents the error for state U(S), for a unitary operator U on V, then E' will be ``close'' to U-1EU. In particular, this implies that if U(S)=S then E' is ``close'' to U-1EU; hence UE is ``close'' to EU. ...
P - Semantic Scholar
... Lemma: For any M ≥ 0 such that Tr(MQ) = 1, there is a quantum state P’ e-close to P such that Tr(MP’) ≤ 2(s+1)/e / (1-e) , ...
... Lemma: For any M ≥ 0 such that Tr(MQ) = 1, there is a quantum state P’ e-close to P such that Tr(MP’) ≤ 2(s+1)/e / (1-e) , ...
Probability in the many-worlds interpretation
... it solves the measurement problem, (ii) compatibility with the spirit of special relativity, and (iii) Ockham's razor. (The latter remark will be explained below.) But the interpretation has a prima facie problem in making sense of quantum probabilities, for the following reason: according to the ma ...
... it solves the measurement problem, (ii) compatibility with the spirit of special relativity, and (iii) Ockham's razor. (The latter remark will be explained below.) But the interpretation has a prima facie problem in making sense of quantum probabilities, for the following reason: according to the ma ...
Popper`s Propensity Interpretation of Probability and Quantum
... Assume that we have tossed a penny. The probability of each of its possible states equals Vz. As long as we don't look at the result of our toss, we can still say that the probability will be l/i. If we bend down and look, it suddenly "changes": one probability becomes 1, the other 0. Was there a qu ...
... Assume that we have tossed a penny. The probability of each of its possible states equals Vz. As long as we don't look at the result of our toss, we can still say that the probability will be l/i. If we bend down and look, it suddenly "changes": one probability becomes 1, the other 0. Was there a qu ...
Nonlocality is a Nonsequitur
... Note that stochastic independence is not always equivalent to physical independence, and that it is quite different from disjointness, for which axiom V applies. Moreover, if A and B are stochastically independent, P(A|B) = P(A) . 3. Separability and Bell's Inequality Suppose that two photons are cr ...
... Note that stochastic independence is not always equivalent to physical independence, and that it is quite different from disjointness, for which axiom V applies. Moreover, if A and B are stochastically independent, P(A|B) = P(A) . 3. Separability and Bell's Inequality Suppose that two photons are cr ...
12 Simon Oracle Problem
... values. For example, Shor’s Algorithm. The second group contains those which transform the state to increase the likelihood that the ouput of interest will be read, Grover’s Algorithm. The third group contains algorithms which are based on a combination of methods from the previous two ...
... values. For example, Shor’s Algorithm. The second group contains those which transform the state to increase the likelihood that the ouput of interest will be read, Grover’s Algorithm. The third group contains algorithms which are based on a combination of methods from the previous two ...
Determinism
Determinism is the philosophical position that for every event, including human action, there exist conditions that could cause no other event. ""There are many determinisms, depending on what pre-conditions are considered to be determinative of an event or action."" Deterministic theories throughout the history of philosophy have sprung from diverse and sometimes overlapping motives and considerations. Some forms of determinism can be empirically tested with ideas from physics and the philosophy of physics. The opposite of determinism is some kind of indeterminism (otherwise called nondeterminism). Determinism is often contrasted with free will.Determinism often is taken to mean causal determinism, which in physics is known as cause-and-effect. It is the concept that events within a given paradigm are bound by causality in such a way that any state (of an object or event) is completely determined by prior states. This meaning can be distinguished from other varieties of determinism mentioned below.Other debates often concern the scope of determined systems, with some maintaining that the entire universe is a single determinate system and others identifying other more limited determinate systems (or multiverse). Numerous historical debates involve many philosophical positions and varieties of determinism. They include debates concerning determinism and free will, technically denoted as compatibilistic (allowing the two to coexist) and incompatibilistic (denying their coexistence is a possibility).Determinism should not be confused with self-determination of human actions by reasons, motives, and desires. Determinism rarely requires that perfect prediction be practically possible.