Treatment of Pneumonic Plague: Medical Utility of Ciprofloxacin
... Opinions, interpretations, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the author and are not necessarily endorsed by the US Army. All animal research was conducted in compliance with the Animal Welfare Act and other federal statutes and regulations relating to animals and experiments involving an ...
... Opinions, interpretations, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the author and are not necessarily endorsed by the US Army. All animal research was conducted in compliance with the Animal Welfare Act and other federal statutes and regulations relating to animals and experiments involving an ...
Biological Casualties - Arkansas Hospital Association
... each other from work and none of their family members were suffering similar symptoms. At 11 p.m., the only other community hospital in the area went on diversion because all of their intensive care unit (ICU) beds were full and their need for mechanical ventilators was at a critical level. The publ ...
... each other from work and none of their family members were suffering similar symptoms. At 11 p.m., the only other community hospital in the area went on diversion because all of their intensive care unit (ICU) beds were full and their need for mechanical ventilators was at a critical level. The publ ...
Discovery of a Leptospirosis Cluster Amidst a Pneumonic Plague
... three subjects with titre of 1,600, indicative of a recent infection. In 1954, the most prevalent Leptospira serogroups in Belgian Congo were Sejroe, Grippotyphosa, Hebdomadis, and Icterohaemorrhagiae. The identification of several other serogoups by MAT could be related to the multiple potential en ...
... three subjects with titre of 1,600, indicative of a recent infection. In 1954, the most prevalent Leptospira serogroups in Belgian Congo were Sejroe, Grippotyphosa, Hebdomadis, and Icterohaemorrhagiae. The identification of several other serogoups by MAT could be related to the multiple potential en ...
Lessons Learned from Historic Plague Epidemics - e
... Second Plague Pandemic. Plague spread slowly from village to village by infected rats and humans; faster spread occurred along trade routes between countries via merchant ships [37]. Like the first pandemic, the second pandemic was comprised of various shorter epidemic periods, which continued late ...
... Second Plague Pandemic. Plague spread slowly from village to village by infected rats and humans; faster spread occurred along trade routes between countries via merchant ships [37]. Like the first pandemic, the second pandemic was comprised of various shorter epidemic periods, which continued late ...
Plague - Docstoc
... in Africa and killed 100 million people over a span of 60 years. plague killed approximately one fourth of Europe's population. • The pandemic that began in China in the 1860s spread to Hong Kong in the 1890s and was subsequently spread by rats transported on ships to Africa, Asia, California, and p ...
... in Africa and killed 100 million people over a span of 60 years. plague killed approximately one fourth of Europe's population. • The pandemic that began in China in the 1860s spread to Hong Kong in the 1890s and was subsequently spread by rats transported on ships to Africa, Asia, California, and p ...
Epidemiology and Distribution of Plague
... spread from one rodent to another by flea ectoparasites and to humans either by the bite of infected fleas or when handling infected hosts. Recent outbreaks have shown that plague may reoccur in areas that have long remained silent. Untreated, mortality Bparticularly from pneumonic plague Bmay reach ...
... spread from one rodent to another by flea ectoparasites and to humans either by the bite of infected fleas or when handling infected hosts. Recent outbreaks have shown that plague may reoccur in areas that have long remained silent. Untreated, mortality Bparticularly from pneumonic plague Bmay reach ...
A Philological, Epidemiological, and Clinical Analysis of the Plague
... disease does not add up to any modern-day known disease. The reasons for this may be the following: the plague was caused by multiple infectious agents, the disease of the plague is now extinct or evolved beyond recognition, or the Greek technical terms Thucydides used cannot be fully understood by ...
... disease does not add up to any modern-day known disease. The reasons for this may be the following: the plague was caused by multiple infectious agents, the disease of the plague is now extinct or evolved beyond recognition, or the Greek technical terms Thucydides used cannot be fully understood by ...
Modeling plague transmission in Medieval European - DUO
... endemic to countries in Africa, the Americas, Asia, and the former Soviet Union (World Health Organization et al. 1999). Infections within the rodent community occasionally lead to human outbreaks, which can be a very severe and often fatal disease in people unless treated by antibiotics. There are ...
... endemic to countries in Africa, the Americas, Asia, and the former Soviet Union (World Health Organization et al. 1999). Infections within the rodent community occasionally lead to human outbreaks, which can be a very severe and often fatal disease in people unless treated by antibiotics. There are ...
The cause of the plague of Athens
... The infectious disease that caused the plague of Athens has been the topic of discussion among classical scholars and physicians for centuries, and the debate continues. Various infectious diseases have been proposed as the cause of the plague of Athens, and there is no consensus among classical sch ...
... The infectious disease that caused the plague of Athens has been the topic of discussion among classical scholars and physicians for centuries, and the debate continues. Various infectious diseases have been proposed as the cause of the plague of Athens, and there is no consensus among classical sch ...
- Journal of Wildlife Diseases
... prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus). It has been argued that other small rodents are reservoirs for plague, spreading disease during epizootics and maintaining the pathogen in the absence of prairie dogs; yet there is little empirical support for distinct enzootic and epizootic cycles. Between 2004 ...
... prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus). It has been argued that other small rodents are reservoirs for plague, spreading disease during epizootics and maintaining the pathogen in the absence of prairie dogs; yet there is little empirical support for distinct enzootic and epizootic cycles. Between 2004 ...
Plague as a Biological Weapon
... country to country by ships. The pandemic lasted more than 130 years and had major political, cultural, and religious ramifications. The third pandemic began in China in 1855, spread to all inhabited continents, and ultimately killed more than 12 million people in India and China alone.4 Small outbr ...
... country to country by ships. The pandemic lasted more than 130 years and had major political, cultural, and religious ramifications. The third pandemic began in China in 1855, spread to all inhabited continents, and ultimately killed more than 12 million people in India and China alone.4 Small outbr ...
Modelling the bubonic plague in a prairie dog burrow, a work in
... the disease. In the case of the bubonic plague, the Infectious cannot recover, the disease is deadly in almost 100% of cases [9, 7]. In the case of the bubonic plague in the prairie dog population, direct transmission, transmission via fleas, and transmission via the infected soil had to be modelled ...
... the disease. In the case of the bubonic plague, the Infectious cannot recover, the disease is deadly in almost 100% of cases [9, 7]. In the case of the bubonic plague in the prairie dog population, direct transmission, transmission via fleas, and transmission via the infected soil had to be modelled ...
Backcalculation of the disease-age specific frequency of secondary
... as disease-age specific infectiousness. Both the numbers of those who are considered as ...
... as disease-age specific infectiousness. Both the numbers of those who are considered as ...
The Genome of the Black Death: Full Genome analysis of ancient
... The Black Death • The Black Death was one of the most devastating epidemics in human history • It lasted only 5 years (1347-1351) and 25-50 million Europeans died of the epidemic • likely originated in China • Suspected disease bubonic plague caused by Yersinia pestis gram negative bacteria ...
... The Black Death • The Black Death was one of the most devastating epidemics in human history • It lasted only 5 years (1347-1351) and 25-50 million Europeans died of the epidemic • likely originated in China • Suspected disease bubonic plague caused by Yersinia pestis gram negative bacteria ...
doc - VCU Secrets of the Sequence
... an hour. Dr. Ken Alibek, who was a Soviet scientist working on Y. pestis as a bioweapon, now heads the U.S. Biodefense effort. He is trying to find a way to stop these pathogens. He doesn’t think that vaccines will work because there are too many varieties that are also very resistant to antibiotics ...
... an hour. Dr. Ken Alibek, who was a Soviet scientist working on Y. pestis as a bioweapon, now heads the U.S. Biodefense effort. He is trying to find a way to stop these pathogens. He doesn’t think that vaccines will work because there are too many varieties that are also very resistant to antibiotics ...
Classroom Tested Lesson - VCU Secrets of the Sequence
... an hour. Dr. Ken Alibek, who was a Soviet scientist working on Y. pestis as a bioweapon, now heads the U.S. Biodefense effort. He is trying to find a way to stop these pathogens. He doesn’t think that vaccines will work because there are too many varieties that are also very resistant to antibiotics ...
... an hour. Dr. Ken Alibek, who was a Soviet scientist working on Y. pestis as a bioweapon, now heads the U.S. Biodefense effort. He is trying to find a way to stop these pathogens. He doesn’t think that vaccines will work because there are too many varieties that are also very resistant to antibiotics ...
What is plague? - The University of Sydney
... enough immunity to their offspring to modify infection so that many young rats survive to rebuild the colony. If a balance is reached both Y. pestis and the rat colony persist. However, if the balance is later disturbed, there may be an outbreak of ...
... enough immunity to their offspring to modify infection so that many young rats survive to rebuild the colony. If a balance is reached both Y. pestis and the rat colony persist. However, if the balance is later disturbed, there may be an outbreak of ...
Bubonic plague: a metapopulation model of a zoonosis
... 1992; Scott et al. 1996). However, bubonic plague is far from being con¢ned to history; the pandemic in the early 1900s killed many millions (Commission for the Investigation of Plague in India 1906; Hirst 1938; Sharif 1951; Curson & McCracken 1990; Risse 1992) and even today the World Health Organi ...
... 1992; Scott et al. 1996). However, bubonic plague is far from being con¢ned to history; the pandemic in the early 1900s killed many millions (Commission for the Investigation of Plague in India 1906; Hirst 1938; Sharif 1951; Curson & McCracken 1990; Risse 1992) and even today the World Health Organi ...
Black Death Spring 2017 syllabus - Amigos de la Historia Veterinaria
... health interventions, and then antibiotics helped us gained control over the major global infectious diseases, epidemics and pandemics were a fact of life. The most severe pandemic in human history was the Black Death, which struck Afroeurasia towards the end of the Middle Ages. Although total (abso ...
... health interventions, and then antibiotics helped us gained control over the major global infectious diseases, epidemics and pandemics were a fact of life. The most severe pandemic in human history was the Black Death, which struck Afroeurasia towards the end of the Middle Ages. Although total (abso ...
A History of the Human Plague in Iran
... In the 20th century, great outbreaks of the human plague with high mortality continued, especially in India.8 Despite the discovery of the etiologic agent of the human plague, the introduction of antibiotics for patients’ treatment and worldwide hygienic improvement, outbreaks of the human plague co ...
... In the 20th century, great outbreaks of the human plague with high mortality continued, especially in India.8 Despite the discovery of the etiologic agent of the human plague, the introduction of antibiotics for patients’ treatment and worldwide hygienic improvement, outbreaks of the human plague co ...
pdp plague facts - Prairie Dog Pals
... In the wild, prairie dogs are the victims of only one disease, plague. Plague was introduced to the west by settlers near the turn of the century and, “...we gave it to the prairie dogs.”1 It was first discovered in New Mexico in 19382. This non-native disease is spread by fleas and is carried into ...
... In the wild, prairie dogs are the victims of only one disease, plague. Plague was introduced to the west by settlers near the turn of the century and, “...we gave it to the prairie dogs.”1 It was first discovered in New Mexico in 19382. This non-native disease is spread by fleas and is carried into ...
plague - sfcdcp
... rodents, including rats, squirrels, mice, gerbils, guinea pigs, prairie dogs, and marmots. Humans are not part of the natural life cycle of Y. pestis. Disease occurrence in humans is dependent on the frequency of infection in local rodent populations and the degree of contact between rodents and hum ...
... rodents, including rats, squirrels, mice, gerbils, guinea pigs, prairie dogs, and marmots. Humans are not part of the natural life cycle of Y. pestis. Disease occurrence in humans is dependent on the frequency of infection in local rodent populations and the degree of contact between rodents and hum ...
Handout-Bioterrorism
... Biological Threat, specialist public arena Newsworthy Rare/eradicated infections Low clinical experience ...
... Biological Threat, specialist public arena Newsworthy Rare/eradicated infections Low clinical experience ...
Plague
... vaccine6. It is generally considered that antibody against the Fl capsular antigen is the key protective response induced by these vaccines6. The V antigen is also known to induce a protective response against Y pestis but the level of V antigen is low or undetectable in killed whole cells vaccines1 ...
... vaccine6. It is generally considered that antibody against the Fl capsular antigen is the key protective response induced by these vaccines6. The V antigen is also known to induce a protective response against Y pestis but the level of V antigen is low or undetectable in killed whole cells vaccines1 ...
History of infectious diseases development in the Old
... It was known in the Middle Ages about the leprosy that it was the contagious and incurable disease. It was present during the period from the 11th to the 14th century. Historians of that time described the illness in detail. They stated that the infected had “nodes” like smallpox all over the body, ...
... It was known in the Middle Ages about the leprosy that it was the contagious and incurable disease. It was present during the period from the 11th to the 14th century. Historians of that time described the illness in detail. They stated that the infected had “nodes” like smallpox all over the body, ...
Bubonic plague
Bubonic plague is one of three types of bacterial infection caused by Yersinia pestis. Three to seven days after exposure to the bacteria flu like symptoms develop. This includes fever, headaches, and vomiting. Swollen and painful lymph nodes occur in the area closest to where the bacteria entered the skin. Occasionally the swollen lymph nodes may break open.The three types of plague are the result of the route of infection: bubonic plague, septicemic plague, and pneumonic plague. Bubonic plague is mainly spread by infected fleas from small animals. It may also result from exposure to the body fluids from a dead plague infected animal. In the bubonic form of plague, the bacteria enter through the skin through a flea bite and travels via the lymphatics to a lymph node, causing it to swell. Diagnosis is by finding the bacterium in the blood, sputum, or fluid from a lymph nodes.Prevention is through public health measures such as not handling dead animals in areas where plague is common. Vaccines have not been found to be very useful for plague prevention. Several antibiotics are effective for treatment including streptomycin, gentamicin, or doxycycline. Without treatment it results in the death of 30% to 90% of those infected. Death if it occurs is typically within ten days. With treatment the risk of death is around 10%. Globally in 2013 there was about 750 documented cases which resulted in 126 deaths. The disease is most common in Africa.Plague is believed to be the cause of the Black Death that swept through Asia, Europe, and Africa in the 14th century and killed an estimated 50 million people. This was about 25% to 60% of the European population. Because the plague killed so many of the working population, wages rose due to the demand for labor. Some historians see this as a turning point in European economic development. The term bubonic plague is derived from the Greek word βουβών, meaning ""groin"".