3.4 - United Nations Statistics Division
... For monitoring the implementation of the 1993 SNA the ISWGNA developed a set of six milestones to assess the scope of accounts that are compiled by countries. These milestones were later supplemented by three data sets describing (a) minimum set of accounts that need to be compiled; (b) a recommende ...
... For monitoring the implementation of the 1993 SNA the ISWGNA developed a set of six milestones to assess the scope of accounts that are compiled by countries. These milestones were later supplemented by three data sets describing (a) minimum set of accounts that need to be compiled; (b) a recommende ...
This PDF is a selection from a published volume
... ucts of the aforementioned sectors are distant substitutes and/or pricing to market (PTM) is possible. The paper demonstrates that no intermediate degree of international substitution exists that simultaneously guarantees the operation of the BS effect and strong comovement of the nominal and real e ...
... ucts of the aforementioned sectors are distant substitutes and/or pricing to market (PTM) is possible. The paper demonstrates that no intermediate degree of international substitution exists that simultaneously guarantees the operation of the BS effect and strong comovement of the nominal and real e ...
Balance-Sheets: A Financial/Liability Approach
... mainly to administrative uses such as for fiscal policy and international comparisons and that the architecture of the System is more or less cut in stone. My experience from the areas of saving, wealth and financial accounts is that there seems to be some lack of knowledge about SNA concepts; e.g. ...
... mainly to administrative uses such as for fiscal policy and international comparisons and that the architecture of the System is more or less cut in stone. My experience from the areas of saving, wealth and financial accounts is that there seems to be some lack of knowledge about SNA concepts; e.g. ...
Economic impact of the use of radio spectrum in the UK
... sector also increased significantly, partly as a result of increased average revenue per user and partly as a result of an increased level of data usage associated with enhanced 2G and 3G mobile services. ...
... sector also increased significantly, partly as a result of increased average revenue per user and partly as a result of an increased level of data usage associated with enhanced 2G and 3G mobile services. ...
Five Years After the Fall: The Governance Legacies of the Global
... have global repercussions.” What is needed to achieve this in the regulatory sphere, he contends, is “leadership in agreeing on a range of acceptable regulatory frameworks… capable of operating with a minimum of spillovers that might threaten financial system stability.” To achieve this, Siklos argu ...
... have global repercussions.” What is needed to achieve this in the regulatory sphere, he contends, is “leadership in agreeing on a range of acceptable regulatory frameworks… capable of operating with a minimum of spillovers that might threaten financial system stability.” To achieve this, Siklos argu ...
The financial and economic crisis of 2008
... The Emerging-market Economies in the Face of the Global Financial Crisis Daniela Magalhães Prates and Marcos Antonio Macedo Cintra.......................53 Introduction..........................................................................................................54 I. Proposed agenda f ...
... The Emerging-market Economies in the Face of the Global Financial Crisis Daniela Magalhães Prates and Marcos Antonio Macedo Cintra.......................53 Introduction..........................................................................................................54 I. Proposed agenda f ...
This PDF is a selection from a published volume from... Economic Research Volume Title: NBER International Seminar on Macroeconom
... International reserves held by government authorities are part of national wealth and were originally important for countries with fixed exchange rates that wanted to avoid costly adjustments to disturbances in the external sector of the economy. For example, if a country ran a current account defic ...
... International reserves held by government authorities are part of national wealth and were originally important for countries with fixed exchange rates that wanted to avoid costly adjustments to disturbances in the external sector of the economy. For example, if a country ran a current account defic ...
New Critical Urban Theory
... Yet, contemporary urban theories have never taken a financial crisis seriously. When they have actually taken it into consideration, the lack of historical and theoretical perspective of the crisis has failed them to reckon the importance of the crisis in capitalist urban society. The other is their ...
... Yet, contemporary urban theories have never taken a financial crisis seriously. When they have actually taken it into consideration, the lack of historical and theoretical perspective of the crisis has failed them to reckon the importance of the crisis in capitalist urban society. The other is their ...
Slide 1
... Because funds flow between countries and the real interest rate is determined in the world market, it is the aggregate saving of all governments throughout the world that matters. In total, government is large; worldwide, government saving is negative (governments have a deficit) at about 10 percent ...
... Because funds flow between countries and the real interest rate is determined in the world market, it is the aggregate saving of all governments throughout the world that matters. In total, government is large; worldwide, government saving is negative (governments have a deficit) at about 10 percent ...
External competitiveness of EU candidate countries - ECB
... macroeconomic imbalances on a country’s resilience to international economic shocks. This issue is particularly important for EU candidate countries, which have reported large current account deficits and widening trade deficits over the past decade. The pre-crisis growth model prevalent in most can ...
... macroeconomic imbalances on a country’s resilience to international economic shocks. This issue is particularly important for EU candidate countries, which have reported large current account deficits and widening trade deficits over the past decade. The pre-crisis growth model prevalent in most can ...
An Introduction to Basic Macroeconomic Markets (15th ed.)
... to the production of goods the firm expects to sell at a profit. • The demand curve for resources slopes down and to the right. • Supply of Resources: Households supply resources in exchange for income. • Higher prices increase the incentive to supply resources; thus, the supply curve slopes up and ...
... to the production of goods the firm expects to sell at a profit. • The demand curve for resources slopes down and to the right. • Supply of Resources: Households supply resources in exchange for income. • Higher prices increase the incentive to supply resources; thus, the supply curve slopes up and ...
costs and benefits of running an international currency
... The empirical literature has also tried to identify the underlying factors that give rise to an international usage of a currency (e.g., Eichengreen and Mathieson, 2001; Dooley et al., 1989; Chinn and Frankel, 2008). The literature has identified the following key factors. First is economic strength ...
... The empirical literature has also tried to identify the underlying factors that give rise to an international usage of a currency (e.g., Eichengreen and Mathieson, 2001; Dooley et al., 1989; Chinn and Frankel, 2008). The literature has identified the following key factors. First is economic strength ...
Exposure to international crises: trade vs. financial contagion
... the experiences of countries near to and far from the United States and Eurozone aggregate crisis zone were similarly severe in that year, there was significant variation across countries as the crises and subsequent recoveries developed from 2009-2014.2 As shown in Section 2, proximity to the crisi ...
... the experiences of countries near to and far from the United States and Eurozone aggregate crisis zone were similarly severe in that year, there was significant variation across countries as the crises and subsequent recoveries developed from 2009-2014.2 As shown in Section 2, proximity to the crisi ...
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... According to the second school of thought, the present degree of political unification reached in the EU is sufficient to guarantee the long-run survival of the monetary union. In this view, the eurozone can survive even if the EU does not become a federal state like the United States of America. Th ...
... According to the second school of thought, the present degree of political unification reached in the EU is sufficient to guarantee the long-run survival of the monetary union. In this view, the eurozone can survive even if the EU does not become a federal state like the United States of America. Th ...
del02-stein 221139 en
... households and the government. Government saving is the high employment budget surplus (+)/deficit (-). The current account is the trade balance B(t) less the net flow of income transfers r(t)F(t) from the Euro area to the US (rest of the world). Variable F(t) is the stock of net debt plus equity cl ...
... households and the government. Government saving is the high employment budget surplus (+)/deficit (-). The current account is the trade balance B(t) less the net flow of income transfers r(t)F(t) from the Euro area to the US (rest of the world). Variable F(t) is the stock of net debt plus equity cl ...
Economic Reforms and State Sector Bankruptcy in China* Carsten A
... The deterioration in government finances, the bad loan problem in the state banking system and the losses of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) are well-known characteristics of China’s reform period. The decrease in the share of government revenues in GDP is frequently cited as sign of a deterioration ...
... The deterioration in government finances, the bad loan problem in the state banking system and the losses of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) are well-known characteristics of China’s reform period. The decrease in the share of government revenues in GDP is frequently cited as sign of a deterioration ...
240f10_SAMs.pdf
... Foreigners are therefore “saving” in our country the sum of firm savings, households saving, government savings and foreign savings is equal to investment The government deficit is the negative of government savings When firms operate they have some payments that are contractual, intermediates, wage ...
... Foreigners are therefore “saving” in our country the sum of firm savings, households saving, government savings and foreign savings is equal to investment The government deficit is the negative of government savings When firms operate they have some payments that are contractual, intermediates, wage ...
Measuring the Unfunded Obligations of European Countries
... quired to eliminate the fiscal imbalance embedded in their budget policies. Hence, those resources must be generated from future policy changes — either by increasing revenues or reducing benefit commitments. The official EU budget imbalance is much smaller than that estimated here because the forme ...
... quired to eliminate the fiscal imbalance embedded in their budget policies. Hence, those resources must be generated from future policy changes — either by increasing revenues or reducing benefit commitments. The official EU budget imbalance is much smaller than that estimated here because the forme ...
Fiscal Policy and external imbalances in a debt
... households are in a deleveraging process caused by a correction of overoptimistic expectations on potential growth, while the main source of demand has to come from abroad, and external funding is scarcer and more costly. ...
... households are in a deleveraging process caused by a correction of overoptimistic expectations on potential growth, while the main source of demand has to come from abroad, and external funding is scarcer and more costly. ...
IMF Staff Reports for the G-20 Mutual Assessment Process : Global
... would be very close to the MAP figures shown below. However, WEO estimates for debt levels have subsequently been revised up. ...
... would be very close to the MAP figures shown below. However, WEO estimates for debt levels have subsequently been revised up. ...
Macroprudential Policies in a Global Perspective Olivier Jeanne
... under laissez-faire because each firm does not internalize the impact of its debt on the default risk of other firms. Similar arguments can be developed in the open economy. A boom in capital inflows is associated with a real appreciation of the domestic currency, which increases the internationally ...
... under laissez-faire because each firm does not internalize the impact of its debt on the default risk of other firms. Similar arguments can be developed in the open economy. A boom in capital inflows is associated with a real appreciation of the domestic currency, which increases the internationally ...
- PuneICAI
... continuously in excess of sanctioned limit/drawing power for 90 days. or Outstanding Balance less than limit/DP, but there are no credits continuously for 90 days as on the date of Balance Sheet or Credits in the account are not sufficient to cover interest debited during the same period. ...
... continuously in excess of sanctioned limit/drawing power for 90 days. or Outstanding Balance less than limit/DP, but there are no credits continuously for 90 days as on the date of Balance Sheet or Credits in the account are not sufficient to cover interest debited during the same period. ...
Chap 31
... B) lead to simultaneous increases in private saving and no effect on the equilibrium real interest rate and investment. C) lead to simultaneous decreases in private saving and decreases in the equilibrium real interest rate and investment. D) lead to a fall in the equilibrium real interest rate and ...
... B) lead to simultaneous increases in private saving and no effect on the equilibrium real interest rate and investment. C) lead to simultaneous decreases in private saving and decreases in the equilibrium real interest rate and investment. D) lead to a fall in the equilibrium real interest rate and ...