• Study Resource
  • Explore
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Carbaugh Intl Econ 8e Chapter 15
Carbaugh Intl Econ 8e Chapter 15

...  Elasticity and absorption approaches apply only to the trade balance; monetary approach includes capital account  Devaluation may induce a temporary improvement in the balance of payments  Devaluation increases the domestic price level, increasing demand for money and drawing foreign capital flo ...
Carbaugh, International Economics 9e, Chapter 15
Carbaugh, International Economics 9e, Chapter 15

...  Elasticity and absorption approaches apply only to the trade balance; monetary approach includes capital account  Devaluation may induce a temporary improvement in the balance of payments  Devaluation increases the domestic price level, increasing demand for money and drawing foreign capital flo ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... government spending, net exports, and autonomous consumption are positively related to an increase in output. An increase in taxes is negatively related to an increase in output. ...
Document
Document

...  Elasticity and absorption approaches apply only to the trade balance; monetary approach includes capital account  Devaluation may induce a temporary improvement in the balance of payments  Devaluation increases the domestic price level, increasing demand for money and drawing foreign capital flo ...
chapter14 - University of San Diego Home Pages
chapter14 - University of San Diego Home Pages

...  Elasticity and absorption approaches apply only to the trade balance; monetary approach includes capital account  Devaluation may induce a temporary improvement in the balance of payments  Devaluation increases the domestic price level, increasing demand for money and drawing foreign capital flo ...
Are CEE economies at risk of overheating?
Are CEE economies at risk of overheating?

... Before central banks in CEE decide to lift interest rates, Erste Group analysts expect some credit tightening to be conducted via stricter macro-prudential policies. Some initiatives are already under way in the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Poland, where regulators have requested higher down payment ...
Rebalancing Act: Global Imbalances in a Changing World
Rebalancing Act: Global Imbalances in a Changing World

... crisis—that again reflects a talent and taste for financial innovation and risk-taking as well as its economic strength and its financial and political stability. As a result, like nineteenth-century Britain, the United States has been earning more on its foreign assets than it pays on its foreign liab ...
Talk: Macro Equilibrium
Talk: Macro Equilibrium

... What is macroeconomic equilibrium? Is an Economy always in equilibrium? Macroeconomic general equilibrium is characterised by • prices that clear goods markets • wage rates that clear labour markets • interest rates that clear the capital markets • exchange rates that clear the foreign exchange mar ...
1 - Thutong
1 - Thutong

... b. Increased price of raw materials. If input prices increase firms will either have to increase their prices or reduce their profit margins. When OPEC recently increased the price of oil all transport costs were increased, this led to an increase in the general price level. (2) 2. Demand-Pull – whe ...
midterm exam 3
midterm exam 3

... How would these two features affect the desirability of using monetary policy to try to counteract a business cycle slowdown? ...
Fitch Rating`s rating action commentary
Fitch Rating`s rating action commentary

... Icelandic authorities have introduced a special reserve requirement to avoid excessive capital inflows related to the carry trade, given the interest rate differential between Iceland and other developed market economies. Initially, non­resident investors will have to deposit 40% of the invested amo ...
Pre-authorized Debit-VISA form
Pre-authorized Debit-VISA form

... I understand that this authorization will remain in effect until I cancel it in writing, and I agree to notify Christian Life School in writing of any changes in my account information or termination of this authorization at least 15 days prior to the next billing date. Any changes do not affect the ...
chapter 17 macroeconomic policy in an open economy
chapter 17 macroeconomic policy in an open economy

... Neither fiscal policy nor monetary policy are successful in promoting internal balance 25. Under a system of managed-floating exchange rates with modest exchange rate intervention: a. Fiscal policy is successful in promoting internal balance, while monetary policy is unsuccessful ...
Was The "Tequila Effect" Rational? Richard Doyle, Dominic Scott and Carmel
Was The "Tequila Effect" Rational? Richard Doyle, Dominic Scott and Carmel

... Argentina’s current account, despite being below 4% GDP over 1991-94, had (like Mexico’s) been widening and had actually increased by 0.8% GDP in 1994. In addition, the fiscal situation had deteriorated due to expenditure overruns and a reduction in employer social security. Indeed, the need to main ...
Keynesian_model.pdf
Keynesian_model.pdf

... firms need a lot, like a grocery store, and some need a little, like a car lot which shows some models, but others have to be special ordered. 5. Inventories cost firms money to hold, so they would like to get by with fewer rather than more. 6. If the interest rate rises, inventory/sales typically f ...
solutions - Department of Economics
solutions - Department of Economics

... followed a few days later showed that Harper was not much in support of running any type of deficit even under the difficult present economic circumstances. What policy options are available to the government to address this economic crisis? One possibility is the implementation of expansionary mone ...
UNIT NINE Social Accounting and Global Trade Unit 9 Page 1
UNIT NINE Social Accounting and Global Trade Unit 9 Page 1

... Surplus: occurs when the exports are greater than the imports ...
Economic Policy in the Open Economy Under Fixed Exchange Rates
Economic Policy in the Open Economy Under Fixed Exchange Rates

... – Suppose exchange rates are fixed. – How does the system adjust to a “shock” such as an increase in foreign income? – This should increase exports, shifting BP rightwards to BP′. – The IS curve will shift rightwards to IS′. – To maintain the fixed exchange rate, the central bank must purchase the s ...
Spending, Taxes, and the Budget Deficit This lecture focuses on
Spending, Taxes, and the Budget Deficit This lecture focuses on

... a. Personal income taxes are the largest source of federal government revenue. b. Social securities taxes are the second largest source of revenue and generate nearly as much revenue as personal income taxes do. c. Corporate income taxes are the third largest source of revenue but generate less than ...
Currency Boards
Currency Boards

... Some argue for fixed exchange rates:  Flexible exchange rates vary – this introduces risk into trade decisions.  Hedging options exist, but these are costly.  Foreign direct investment may be less under flexible exchange rates due to exchange rate risk. • This means that world resource allocatio ...
ch35
ch35

...  exports exceed imports  the “extra” earnings must be used to acquire foreign assets  KA deficit (capital outflow) Copyright © 2008 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. ...
Chapter-08 - Blackwell Publishing
Chapter-08 - Blackwell Publishing

... Efficient market hypothesis holds that (1) spot rates reflect all current information and adjust quickly to new information; (2) it is impossible for any market analyst to consistently "beat the market"; and (3) all currencies are fairly priced. Weak-form efficiency implies that all information cont ...
Macroeconomics: The Bird`s Eye View of the Global Economy
Macroeconomics: The Bird`s Eye View of the Global Economy

... bonds affect the money supply and the nominal interest rate? Why does the Fed typically expresses its policy intentions in terms of a specific nominal interest rate, the federal funds rate? 1. In the short run the Fed can control the real interest rate (equal to the nominal rate minus the inflation ...
the BP Curve
the BP Curve

...  Suppose exchange rates are fixed.  How does the system adjust to a “shock” such as an increase in foreign income?  This should increase exports, shifting BP rightwards to BP′.  The IS curve will shift rightwards to IS′.  To maintain the fixed exchange rate, the central bank must purchase the s ...
The Changing Global Economic Landscape: Opportunities and Risks
The Changing Global Economic Landscape: Opportunities and Risks

...  Success in early days of transition has not meant success later on  Simple stories told by IMF early on have not been borne out  Shock therapy has not worked  Countries that privatized and liberalized rapidly have not outperformed other countries  Good macro-policy is important  But there can ...
< 1 ... 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 ... 208 >

Balance of payments

The balance of payments, also known as balance of international payments and abbreviated BoP or BP, of a country is the record of all economic transactions between the residents of the country and the rest of the world in a particular period (over a quarter of a year or more commonly over a year). These transactions are made by individuals, firms and government bodies. Thus the balance of payments includes all external visible and non-visible transactions of a country . It represents a summation of country's current demand and supply of the claims on foreign currencies and of foreign claims on its currency..These transactions include payments for the country's exports and imports of goods, services, financial capital, and financial transfers.It is prepared in a single currency, typically the domestic currency for the country concerned. Sources of funds for a nation, such as exports or the receipts of loans and investments, are recorded as positive or surplus items. Uses of funds, such as for imports or to invest in foreign countries, are recorded as negative or deficit items.When all components of the BOP accounts are included they must sum to zero with no overall surplus or deficit. For example, if a country is importing more than it exports, its trade balance will be in deficit, but the shortfall will have to be counterbalanced in other ways – such as by funds earned from its foreign investments, by running down central bank reserves or by receiving loans from other countries.While the overall BOP accounts will always balance when all types of payments are included, imbalances are possible on individual elements of the BOP, such as the current account, the capital account excluding the central bank's reserve account, or the sum of the two. Imbalances in the latter sum can result in surplus countries accumulating wealth, while deficit nations become increasingly indebted. The term balance of payments often refers to this sum: a country's balance of payments is said to be in surplus (equivalently, the balance of payments is positive) by a specific amount if sources of funds (such as export goods sold and bonds sold) exceed uses of funds (such as paying for imported goods and paying for foreign bonds purchased) by that amount. There is said to be a balance of payments deficit (the balance of payments is said to be negative) if the former are less than the latter. A BOP surplus (or deficit) is accompanied by an accumulation (or decumulation) of foreign exchange reserves by the central bank.Under a fixed exchange rate system, the central bank accommodates those flows by buying up any net inflow of funds into the country or by providing foreign currency funds to the foreign exchange market to match any international outflow of funds, thus preventing the funds flows from affecting the exchange rate between the country's currency and other currencies. Then the net change per year in the central bank's foreign exchange reserves is sometimes called the balance of payments surplus or deficit. Alternatives to a fixed exchange rate system include a managed float where some changes of exchange rates are allowed, or at the other extreme a purely floating exchange rate (also known as a purely flexible exchange rate). With a pure float the central bank does not intervene at all to protect or devalue its currency, allowing the rate to be set by the market, and the central bank's foreign exchange reserves do not change, and the balance of payments is always zero.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report