AP Macroeconomics Syllabus Course Description
... A. Comparative advantage, absolute advantage, specialization, and exchange B. Balance of payments accounts 1. Balance of trade 2. Current account 3. Capital account C. Foreign exchange market 1. Demand for and supply of foreign exchange 2. Exchange rate determination 3. Currency appreciation and dep ...
... A. Comparative advantage, absolute advantage, specialization, and exchange B. Balance of payments accounts 1. Balance of trade 2. Current account 3. Capital account C. Foreign exchange market 1. Demand for and supply of foreign exchange 2. Exchange rate determination 3. Currency appreciation and dep ...
Document
... If fiscal consolidation is not achieved before the capital account is opened, looser fiscal policy may not be adopted in response to contractionary shocks. Domestic financial system must be reformed before opening the capital account of the balance of payments. If real domestic interest rates are ...
... If fiscal consolidation is not achieved before the capital account is opened, looser fiscal policy may not be adopted in response to contractionary shocks. Domestic financial system must be reformed before opening the capital account of the balance of payments. If real domestic interest rates are ...
NCEA Level 3 Economics (90632) 2012
... A strong dollar means that our export returns are lower when converted back into $NZ. Imports are now relatively cheaper to buy when paid for in $NZ. I – Aggregate Demand would decrease E – as a strong dollar will mean that exports receipts will decrease as it is now relatively less profitable to ex ...
... A strong dollar means that our export returns are lower when converted back into $NZ. Imports are now relatively cheaper to buy when paid for in $NZ. I – Aggregate Demand would decrease E – as a strong dollar will mean that exports receipts will decrease as it is now relatively less profitable to ex ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE EURO AND THE STABILITY PACT Martin Feldstein
... What is needed to make a fiscal agreement effective are widely agreed rules for dealing with such things as deficits and surpluses in state owned industries, in subnational governments, and in other quasi-public groups. One reason that this is so hard to do is that countries differ in their institut ...
... What is needed to make a fiscal agreement effective are widely agreed rules for dealing with such things as deficits and surpluses in state owned industries, in subnational governments, and in other quasi-public groups. One reason that this is so hard to do is that countries differ in their institut ...
Foreign Exchange Interventions as an Unconventional
... help avoiding problems caused by speculators. Empirical data show that most central banks prefer the latter. As for sterilizing or not the intervention, an unsterilized intervention has lasting effects on the exchange rate as the monetary base changes. For example, if the central bank buys national ...
... help avoiding problems caused by speculators. Empirical data show that most central banks prefer the latter. As for sterilizing or not the intervention, an unsterilized intervention has lasting effects on the exchange rate as the monetary base changes. For example, if the central bank buys national ...
Report by the Secretariat - World Trade Organization
... November 1980 to December 2002, though, in practice, it was pegged to the U.S. dollar at a fixed parity.9 Since then, in line with commitments agreed with other GCC countries (Chapter II(4)(ii)(a)), including toward the adoption of a common currency (currently planned for 2010), the UAE dirham has b ...
... November 1980 to December 2002, though, in practice, it was pegged to the U.S. dollar at a fixed parity.9 Since then, in line with commitments agreed with other GCC countries (Chapter II(4)(ii)(a)), including toward the adoption of a common currency (currently planned for 2010), the UAE dirham has b ...
Chapter 10
... earnings to exchange rates. ¤ This involves reviewing how the earnings forecast in the firm’s income statement changes in response to alternative exchange rate scenarios. ...
... earnings to exchange rates. ¤ This involves reviewing how the earnings forecast in the firm’s income statement changes in response to alternative exchange rate scenarios. ...
C F O N
... Prior to the introduction of the QFII scheme, international investors could access China-related stocks only from Hong Kong, namely so-called red chips and H shares. With only approximately 100 Hong Kong-listed companies to invest in, stock selection was severely constrained. By contrast, China’s 14 ...
... Prior to the introduction of the QFII scheme, international investors could access China-related stocks only from Hong Kong, namely so-called red chips and H shares. With only approximately 100 Hong Kong-listed companies to invest in, stock selection was severely constrained. By contrast, China’s 14 ...
Macroeconomic Effects of Demonetization in India: Policy
... recent monetary policy review kept policy rates (Repo and reverse repo rates) unchanged even after demonetization, contrary to financial market expectations of interest rate cut. ...
... recent monetary policy review kept policy rates (Repo and reverse repo rates) unchanged even after demonetization, contrary to financial market expectations of interest rate cut. ...
On the Colliding Economic and Financial Tectonic Plates
... aggregate demand and insufficiently mindful of aggregate supply. This is related to the debate on Keynesian stimulus. The US is in its eight consecutive quarter of economic expansion, yet both monetary and fiscal stimluses are at their maximum intensity. The problem with Keynesian stimulus goes beyo ...
... aggregate demand and insufficiently mindful of aggregate supply. This is related to the debate on Keynesian stimulus. The US is in its eight consecutive quarter of economic expansion, yet both monetary and fiscal stimluses are at their maximum intensity. The problem with Keynesian stimulus goes beyo ...
Principles of Microeconomics
... Purchasing Power Parity (PPP): idea that similar foreign and domestic goods or (basket of goods) should have the same price in terms of the same currency. ◦ How much money is needed to purchase the same basket of goods in 2 countries? ◦ It is the Purchasing Power of a country’s currency required to ...
... Purchasing Power Parity (PPP): idea that similar foreign and domestic goods or (basket of goods) should have the same price in terms of the same currency. ◦ How much money is needed to purchase the same basket of goods in 2 countries? ◦ It is the Purchasing Power of a country’s currency required to ...
R E S E A R C H ... A N D F I N A N... Discussion Paper no 19
... reduce risk by constructing ingenious portfolios; well-paid rating agencies decorated the new assets with triple A ratings; banks shifted credit off balance sheets into structured investment vehicles; finally, capital inflows from Asian countries that wanted to accumulate reserves provided ample liq ...
... reduce risk by constructing ingenious portfolios; well-paid rating agencies decorated the new assets with triple A ratings; banks shifted credit off balance sheets into structured investment vehicles; finally, capital inflows from Asian countries that wanted to accumulate reserves provided ample liq ...
Europe, German Mercantilism and the Current Crisis
... There is little doubt that Germany is a great export machine. Since the early 1950s her trade and current balances have been in surplus, with few exceptions, and export, import and surplus ratios on the GDP have steadily risen. In the last decade, the ratio of imports of goods and services increased ...
... There is little doubt that Germany is a great export machine. Since the early 1950s her trade and current balances have been in surplus, with few exceptions, and export, import and surplus ratios on the GDP have steadily risen. In the last decade, the ratio of imports of goods and services increased ...
Macroeconomics, 6e (Blanchard/Johnson) Chapter 1: A Tour of the
... Answer: One of the benefits of the Euro is largely symbolic. Countries that have in the past century been in wars against each other are now using the same currency. There are economic benefits as well. The use of the same currency will eliminate the need to convert currencies when, for example, buy ...
... Answer: One of the benefits of the Euro is largely symbolic. Countries that have in the past century been in wars against each other are now using the same currency. There are economic benefits as well. The use of the same currency will eliminate the need to convert currencies when, for example, buy ...
Unbalanced Trade - Society for Economic Dynamics
... particular set of trade balances in manufactures. We build on a recent literature that seeks to integrate the gravity relationships exhibited by bilateral trade ‡ows into general equilibrium models of world competition.6 This research provides a framework for tracking the implications of various cou ...
... particular set of trade balances in manufactures. We build on a recent literature that seeks to integrate the gravity relationships exhibited by bilateral trade ‡ows into general equilibrium models of world competition.6 This research provides a framework for tracking the implications of various cou ...
The Seductive Myth of Canada`s Overvalued Dollar
... similar baskets in other countries.2 The basic idea is that if goods are more expensive in Canada, buyers will switch their purchases away from Canada and toward countries with cheaper goods. This switching will cause ...
... similar baskets in other countries.2 The basic idea is that if goods are more expensive in Canada, buyers will switch their purchases away from Canada and toward countries with cheaper goods. This switching will cause ...
From the impossible monetary trinity towards economic depression*
... same direction there can lie only two vertices of the triangle. Stated by economic terms, this means that only two of the three monetary objectives can be mutually consistently achievable. Economic policy must, therefore, decide which one will be rejected. If monetary policy desires to achieve the g ...
... same direction there can lie only two vertices of the triangle. Stated by economic terms, this means that only two of the three monetary objectives can be mutually consistently achievable. Economic policy must, therefore, decide which one will be rejected. If monetary policy desires to achieve the g ...
Monetary Economics and the European Union Lecture: Week 1
... Countries with higher inflation rates end up with overvalued currencies and current account deficits (since imports become cheaper and exports more expensive). (b) Balance of payments crises: A country running a current account deficit must sell foreign exchange reserves if it wishes to maintain the ...
... Countries with higher inflation rates end up with overvalued currencies and current account deficits (since imports become cheaper and exports more expensive). (b) Balance of payments crises: A country running a current account deficit must sell foreign exchange reserves if it wishes to maintain the ...
International monetary systems
... The Bretton Woods Era: 1945–1971 British and American policy makers began to plan the post war international monetary system in the early 1940s. The objective was to create an order that combined the benefits of an integrated and relatively liberal international system with the freedom for governmen ...
... The Bretton Woods Era: 1945–1971 British and American policy makers began to plan the post war international monetary system in the early 1940s. The objective was to create an order that combined the benefits of an integrated and relatively liberal international system with the freedom for governmen ...
The European Economy
... • The Euro project should be judged according to whether it achieves its long term aims – (1) Sustained non-inflationary growth – (2) Lower long-term interest rates and higher rates of investment – (3) Lower unemployment – (4) Expansion of the EU single market ...
... • The Euro project should be judged according to whether it achieves its long term aims – (1) Sustained non-inflationary growth – (2) Lower long-term interest rates and higher rates of investment – (3) Lower unemployment – (4) Expansion of the EU single market ...
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... • If central banks were no longer obliged to intervene in currency markets to fix exchange rates, authorities would be able to use monetary policy to reach internal and external balance. • Further, no country would be forced to import inflation (or deflation) from abroad. ...
... • If central banks were no longer obliged to intervene in currency markets to fix exchange rates, authorities would be able to use monetary policy to reach internal and external balance. • Further, no country would be forced to import inflation (or deflation) from abroad. ...
PDF
... Under the fixed-rate regime the Bank would have been forced to defend the currency, with a domestic recession as the likely result. The net effect of the Bank’s response was to cushion the impact on the domestic economy and to absorb the shock on the exchange rate. Crucially, interest rates were not ...
... Under the fixed-rate regime the Bank would have been forced to defend the currency, with a domestic recession as the likely result. The net effect of the Bank’s response was to cushion the impact on the domestic economy and to absorb the shock on the exchange rate. Crucially, interest rates were not ...
RESTRICTEDCode - World Trade Organization
... liquidity management by allowing more flexible interest rates and sales on tap of Certificates of Deposits (CDs) by the MMA. From July 2001, bank specific credit ceilings (apportioned between banks on the basis of an overall credit ceiling) were abolished, and the limit of 7 percentage points on the ...
... liquidity management by allowing more flexible interest rates and sales on tap of Certificates of Deposits (CDs) by the MMA. From July 2001, bank specific credit ceilings (apportioned between banks on the basis of an overall credit ceiling) were abolished, and the limit of 7 percentage points on the ...
Chaebol Relent on Class Action Suits
... whenever one of them wins a legal battle against a concern or manager for irregular actions that caused them to suffer financial losses. The system has long been seen as vital to fix the chaebol's irregularities. "A grace period of one year will be needed to help firms make relevant preparations. In ...
... whenever one of them wins a legal battle against a concern or manager for irregular actions that caused them to suffer financial losses. The system has long been seen as vital to fix the chaebol's irregularities. "A grace period of one year will be needed to help firms make relevant preparations. In ...
Document
... period is called gross domestic product (GDP), denoted Y. To measure the price-level-adjusted value of all final goods and services, we use the GDP price deflator (P) so that real gross domestic product (real GDP), denoted y, equals Y/P. In the United States, the current base year for the GDP price ...
... period is called gross domestic product (GDP), denoted Y. To measure the price-level-adjusted value of all final goods and services, we use the GDP price deflator (P) so that real gross domestic product (real GDP), denoted y, equals Y/P. In the United States, the current base year for the GDP price ...