Министерство образования Республики Беларусь
... what we do today. It is a thread that runs through from the very beginning to the present and on into the future. Sustainability is a word that has become fashionable over the last decade. However, sustainability is not a matter of fashion, but survival. The United Nations, in its latest Global Envi ...
... what we do today. It is a thread that runs through from the very beginning to the present and on into the future. Sustainability is a word that has become fashionable over the last decade. However, sustainability is not a matter of fashion, but survival. The United Nations, in its latest Global Envi ...
Five Energy Generations of Tall Buildings: A
... compactness. Those that followed the law were increasingly slender, resulting in greater energy requirements for space heating (due to heat loss through higher quantities of envelope), but increased penetration of natural light to internal spaces. It is worth noting that while these attributes are c ...
... compactness. Those that followed the law were increasingly slender, resulting in greater energy requirements for space heating (due to heat loss through higher quantities of envelope), but increased penetration of natural light to internal spaces. It is worth noting that while these attributes are c ...
CTBUH Tall Building News 4 – September / October 2005. Please
... A new generation of wind turbines is emerging - not just more efficient, but designed as architectural features. 'With Britain's plans for new wind farms proceeding apace in an effort to meet the target of 10% renewable-sourced energy by 2010, the debate has reached critical levels. And as long as p ...
... A new generation of wind turbines is emerging - not just more efficient, but designed as architectural features. 'With Britain's plans for new wind farms proceeding apace in an effort to meet the target of 10% renewable-sourced energy by 2010, the debate has reached critical levels. And as long as p ...
WILLIAM VAN ALEN The Chrysler Building
... Building was dictated by a 1916 zoning ordinance requiring buildings to be stepped back as they rose to allow sunlight and more air to reach the streets below. • This restriction allowed architects to take a more sculptural approach to urban design. ...
... Building was dictated by a 1916 zoning ordinance requiring buildings to be stepped back as they rose to allow sunlight and more air to reach the streets below. • This restriction allowed architects to take a more sculptural approach to urban design. ...
to view my report.
... building stood 102 stories (1250 feet). With the television antenna, the final height came out to be 1454 feet (Tauranac 15). Within two years, the height of the tallest building in New York City rose from under 1,000 feet to almost 1,500 feet. In 1942 the Empire State’s mooring mast was higher than ...
... building stood 102 stories (1250 feet). With the television antenna, the final height came out to be 1454 feet (Tauranac 15). Within two years, the height of the tallest building in New York City rose from under 1,000 feet to almost 1,500 feet. In 1942 the Empire State’s mooring mast was higher than ...
THE DOWNTOWN NEW YORK WEBWALK TOUR 1: BROADWAY
... on Broadway. Unusual is the graceful façade that creates an effect of fabric-like lightness with its faceted limestone cladding. In contrast to the contemporary towers One Wall Street depends on this subtle surface effect for its impact rather than an iconic crown or spire. Its highly expressive Art ...
... on Broadway. Unusual is the graceful façade that creates an effect of fabric-like lightness with its faceted limestone cladding. In contrast to the contemporary towers One Wall Street depends on this subtle surface effect for its impact rather than an iconic crown or spire. Its highly expressive Art ...
High-Rise
... Why do we build tall buildings? On one level, it’s simple logic. When there’s high demand for space and very little available land, building vertically is the only answer. It’s no accident that many of the world’s tallest buildings are clustered on its most crowded islands, from Manhattan to Singapo ...
... Why do we build tall buildings? On one level, it’s simple logic. When there’s high demand for space and very little available land, building vertically is the only answer. It’s no accident that many of the world’s tallest buildings are clustered on its most crowded islands, from Manhattan to Singapo ...
Tall Buildings: Sustainable Design Opportunities - ctbuh
... or ½” in the case of the Random House building. Additionally, according to the comparison study of a wind sensitive 76-story 1004ft (306m) concrete office tower, with a height to width ratio of 7 to 3, the concrete tower achieved a much better structural response with the utilization of a TLCD as op ...
... or ½” in the case of the Random House building. Additionally, according to the comparison study of a wind sensitive 76-story 1004ft (306m) concrete office tower, with a height to width ratio of 7 to 3, the concrete tower achieved a much better structural response with the utilization of a TLCD as op ...
Tall Buildings - The Masterbuilder
... mixed-use, and hotel tower developments have since rapidly increased as Figure 1 shows. There has been some skepticism regarding construction of tall buildings since September 11, 2001, however, they will continue to be built due to their significant economic benefits in dense urban land use. Tall b ...
... mixed-use, and hotel tower developments have since rapidly increased as Figure 1 shows. There has been some skepticism regarding construction of tall buildings since September 11, 2001, however, they will continue to be built due to their significant economic benefits in dense urban land use. Tall b ...
TABLE OF CONTENTS - IMIA, the International Association of
... We have observed some substantial changes in use and purpose of Skyscrapers over the last 100 years. We can also see that the locations of the new Skyscrapers are geographically shifting more and more eastwards, towards the new and emerging economies in Asia. We know that historically the developmen ...
... We have observed some substantial changes in use and purpose of Skyscrapers over the last 100 years. We can also see that the locations of the new Skyscrapers are geographically shifting more and more eastwards, towards the new and emerging economies in Asia. We know that historically the developmen ...
INNOVATIONS IN TALL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION IN TURKEY
... publication (1974) that the typology is a building in which tallness strongly influences planning, design and use or a building whose height creates different conditions in the design, construction and use, than those that exist in common buildings of a certain region and period. The definition also ...
... publication (1974) that the typology is a building in which tallness strongly influences planning, design and use or a building whose height creates different conditions in the design, construction and use, than those that exist in common buildings of a certain region and period. The definition also ...
A Skyscraper`s Durability 1 Running Header
... forces which were induced upon the building and for simplicity so construction would not hold much difficulty. The structural system is described as a “buttressed core” due to the high performance concrete wall construction and the wings buttress each other in a hexagonal hub (Emaar, 2009). Walls of ...
... forces which were induced upon the building and for simplicity so construction would not hold much difficulty. The structural system is described as a “buttressed core” due to the high performance concrete wall construction and the wings buttress each other in a hexagonal hub (Emaar, 2009). Walls of ...
New York`s Skyscrapers in the French Illustrated Press (1898–1912)
... and urban landscape nor the increasing number of published photographs. However, when combined, both the new urban landscape and the increasing number of photographs, in the context of a highly competitive commercial environment, satisfied the inclination of the readers of general-interest news jour ...
... and urban landscape nor the increasing number of published photographs. However, when combined, both the new urban landscape and the increasing number of photographs, in the context of a highly competitive commercial environment, satisfied the inclination of the readers of general-interest news jour ...
Zoning - Global Urban Development
... 1988; Keating 1986; Cook 1980). From Boston and Hartford in the east to San Francisco and Seattle in the west, cities subjected central business district office towers to a greater degree of regulation than ever before. While much of this activity was new and innovative, it also drew on an earlier t ...
... 1988; Keating 1986; Cook 1980). From Boston and Hartford in the east to San Francisco and Seattle in the west, cities subjected central business district office towers to a greater degree of regulation than ever before. While much of this activity was new and innovative, it also drew on an earlier t ...
The “International” Skyscraper - ctbuh
... estate documentation compiled over a period of more than 30 years and started after a visit by Georges Binder at the World Trade Center in New York City in 1975. It comprises information, databases, plans and images about major architectural and real estate works from around the world and especially ...
... estate documentation compiled over a period of more than 30 years and started after a visit by Georges Binder at the World Trade Center in New York City in 1975. It comprises information, databases, plans and images about major architectural and real estate works from around the world and especially ...
Meet the Man Who Built a 30
... overall weight of the building, it used less concrete in the floors; that in turn enabled it to cut down on structural steel. The result was the T30, 90 percent of which was built inside the factory. And Zhang says this percentage will only rise with future buildings: The more that happens in the fa ...
... overall weight of the building, it used less concrete in the floors; that in turn enabled it to cut down on structural steel. The result was the T30, 90 percent of which was built inside the factory. And Zhang says this percentage will only rise with future buildings: The more that happens in the fa ...
as a PDF
... Although this paper is focused on Shanghai and Dubai -- the two skyscraper cities, a broader view of what is happening in the regions where these cities are located is appropriate. Both these regions have remarkably come a long way since the 1990s in terms of skyscraper construction. The Larger Cont ...
... Although this paper is focused on Shanghai and Dubai -- the two skyscraper cities, a broader view of what is happening in the regions where these cities are located is appropriate. Both these regions have remarkably come a long way since the 1990s in terms of skyscraper construction. The Larger Cont ...
Integrating Architecture and Structural Form in Tall Steel
... spandrel beams. In this context, steel structures have their own character that can be preserved and distinctively emphasized. In the 21st century it is likely that more and more innovative tall buildings will be built, utilizing the latest technology facilitated by sophisticated structural analysis ...
... spandrel beams. In this context, steel structures have their own character that can be preserved and distinctively emphasized. In the 21st century it is likely that more and more innovative tall buildings will be built, utilizing the latest technology facilitated by sophisticated structural analysis ...
Teacher Guide to Dossier 2
... market. After the crash of 1929, banks collapsed, businesses closed, and investment dried up, precipitating the Great Depression. • In the boom economy of the 1920s, the demand for real estate increased as new companies formed and existing companies sought to expand their business or move to better ...
... market. After the crash of 1929, banks collapsed, businesses closed, and investment dried up, precipitating the Great Depression. • In the boom economy of the 1920s, the demand for real estate increased as new companies formed and existing companies sought to expand their business or move to better ...
Skyscrapers and Skylines: New York and Chicago
... a unique good because of the grandness of its technological sophistication, its symbolic importance (as an aesthetic element, and for advertising and “positional” purposes) and because collectively skyscrapers generate an entirely new entity—the skyline. This skyline serves to advertise the economic ...
... a unique good because of the grandness of its technological sophistication, its symbolic importance (as an aesthetic element, and for advertising and “positional” purposes) and because collectively skyscrapers generate an entirely new entity—the skyline. This skyline serves to advertise the economic ...
The Guaranty Building - Preservation Buffalo Niagara
... a more traditional neoclassicism over Sullivan’s innovations, and Sullivan increasingly turned his practice from skyscrapers to smaller buildings in small towns. His career declined, and Sullivan died in obscurity and poverty in Chicago in 1924. ...
... a more traditional neoclassicism over Sullivan’s innovations, and Sullivan increasingly turned his practice from skyscrapers to smaller buildings in small towns. His career declined, and Sullivan died in obscurity and poverty in Chicago in 1924. ...
Contents - Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing
... were created. Of these, Petronas Towers were the tallest in one category (height to top of architectural elements, meaning spires but not antennas). However, before the addition of the Sears Tower's own two antennas in 1982, One World Trade Centre was taller by height to top of its 110 m antenna (ad ...
... were created. Of these, Petronas Towers were the tallest in one category (height to top of architectural elements, meaning spires but not antennas). However, before the addition of the Sears Tower's own two antennas in 1982, One World Trade Centre was taller by height to top of its 110 m antenna (ad ...
Design of high-rise buildings: past, present and future
... in multi-storey construction. These sun-dried mud-brick tower houses have been constructed up to 7 stories tall providing security as well as prestige for their inhabitants. In a dense cluster of 500 or so, these tower houses have earned a world heritage listing (UNESCO 1982) and the nickname of “Ch ...
... in multi-storey construction. These sun-dried mud-brick tower houses have been constructed up to 7 stories tall providing security as well as prestige for their inhabitants. In a dense cluster of 500 or so, these tower houses have earned a world heritage listing (UNESCO 1982) and the nickname of “Ch ...
Structure of Skyscraper
... With a striking angular form, the Bank of China Tower is an iconic piece of Structural Expressionism. The idea for the form came from bamboo, a symbol of growth and prosperity in Chinese Culture. However, there have been comments on the ‘poor Feng Shui’ the buildings causes to the surrounding due to ...
... With a striking angular form, the Bank of China Tower is an iconic piece of Structural Expressionism. The idea for the form came from bamboo, a symbol of growth and prosperity in Chinese Culture. However, there have been comments on the ‘poor Feng Shui’ the buildings causes to the surrounding due to ...
***** 1
... concern demanded by designers and architects to lay such technical regulations and standards , technologies that would provide reliable environmental safety in the construction of skyscrapers. These technologies have already called "green" . And they are subject to the requirements laid down in the ...
... concern demanded by designers and architects to lay such technical regulations and standards , technologies that would provide reliable environmental safety in the construction of skyscrapers. These technologies have already called "green" . And they are subject to the requirements laid down in the ...
Early skyscrapers
The early skyscrapers were a range of tall, commercial buildings built between 1884 and 1939, predominantly in the American cities of New York and Chicago. Cities in the United States were traditionally made up of low-rise buildings, but significant economic growth after the Civil War and increasingly intensive use of urban land encouraged the development of taller buildings beginning in the 1870s. Technological improvements enabled the construction of fireproofed iron-framed structures with deep foundations, equipped with new inventions such as the elevator and electric lighting. These made it both technically and commercially viable to build a new class of taller buildings, the first of which, Chicago's 138-foot (42 m) tall Home Insurance Building, opened in 1884. Their numbers grew rapidly and by 1888 they were being labelled skyscrapers.Chicago initially led the way in skyscraper design, with many constructed in the center of the financial district during the late 1880s and early 1890s. Sometimes termed the products of the Chicago school of architecture, these skyscrapers attempted to balance aesthetic concerns with practical commercial design, producing large, square palazzo-styled buildings hosting shops and restaurants on the ground level and containing rentable offices on the upper floors. In contrast, New York's skyscrapers were frequently narrower towers which, more eclectic in style, were often criticized for their lack of elegance. In 1892, Chicago banned the construction of new skyscrapers taller than 150 feet (46 m), leaving the development of taller buildings to New York.The first decade of the 20th century saw a new wave of skyscraper construction. The demand for new office space to hold America's expanding workforce of white-collar staff continued to grow. Engineering developments made it easier to build and live in yet taller buildings. Chicago built new skyscrapers in its existing style, while New York experimented further with tower design. Iconic buildings such as the Flatiron were followed by the 612-foot (187 m) tall Singer Tower, the 700-foot (210 m) Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower and the 792-foot (241 m) Woolworth Building. Though these skyscrapers were commercial successes, criticism mounted as they broke up the ordered city skyline and plunged neighboring streets and buildings into perpetual shadow. Combined with an economic downturn, this led to the introduction of zoning restraints in New York in 1916.In the interwar years, skyscrapers spread to nearly all major US cities, while a handful were built in other Western countries. The economic boom of the 1920s and extensive real estate speculation encouraged a wave of new skyscraper projects in New York and Chicago. New York City's 1916 Zoning Resolution helped shape the Art Deco or ""set-back"" style of skyscrapers, leading to structures that focused on volume and striking silhouettes, often richly decorated. Skyscraper heights continued to grow, with the Chrysler and the Empire State Building each claiming new records, reaching 1,046 feet (319 m) and 1,250 feet (380 m) respectively. With the onset of the Great Depression, the real estate market collapsed and new builds stuttered to a halt. Popular and academic culture embraced the skyscraper through films, photography, literature and ballet, seeing the buildings as either positive symbols of modernity and science, or alternatively examples of the ills of modern life and society. Skyscraper projects after World War II typically rejected the designs of the early skyscrapers, instead embracing the international style; many older skyscrapers were redesigned to suit contemporary tastes or even demolished—such as the Singer Tower, once the world's tallest skyscraper.