![Laser Cooling of Atoms, Ions, or Molecules by Coherent Scattering](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/003306749_1-0f5ee9f630a401698414ff6ac931f110-300x300.png)
Laser Cooling of Atoms, Ions, or Molecules by Coherent Scattering
... atomic motion into a random direction. Since many photons are required to significantly change the atom’s momentum, cooling has been demonstrated only with species that can be optically cycled many times. In particular, molecules have a large number of vibrational and rotational states that cannot b ...
... atomic motion into a random direction. Since many photons are required to significantly change the atom’s momentum, cooling has been demonstrated only with species that can be optically cycled many times. In particular, molecules have a large number of vibrational and rotational states that cannot b ...
Audit Schedule
... Chapter 8 - Electron Configuration/Periodicity (6DAYS) Objectives: 1. To understand how the quantum numbers and the Pauli exclusion principle are fundamental to the theory of atomic electronic configuration. [C1] 2. To write the electronic configuration for any element or simple monatomic ion using ...
... Chapter 8 - Electron Configuration/Periodicity (6DAYS) Objectives: 1. To understand how the quantum numbers and the Pauli exclusion principle are fundamental to the theory of atomic electronic configuration. [C1] 2. To write the electronic configuration for any element or simple monatomic ion using ...
File - Physics Rocks
... The existence of a “spin” quantum number The existence of a “magnetic” quantum number The shapes of the electron clouds The energies ...
... The existence of a “spin” quantum number The existence of a “magnetic” quantum number The shapes of the electron clouds The energies ...
5.3 Atomic Emission Spectra and the Quantum Mechanical Model
... • The energy absorbed by an electron for it to move from its current energy level to a higher energy level is identical to the energy of the light emitted by the electron as it drops back to its original energy level. • The wavelengths of the spectral lines are characteristic of the element, and the ...
... • The energy absorbed by an electron for it to move from its current energy level to a higher energy level is identical to the energy of the light emitted by the electron as it drops back to its original energy level. • The wavelengths of the spectral lines are characteristic of the element, and the ...
... laser beam was present during the 10-ms exposure of the atoms to a 5 mW cm-2 probe beam tuned close to resonance. The f/7 imaging optics are diffraction-limited to a resolution of 7 mm. During the pulse delay experiments, a pinhole (placed in an external image plane of the lens system) is used to se ...
Paper
... number of detected atoms. For the cycling transition, the resonant absorption cross section is 2:14 1013 m2 . Applying the measured 20% reduction mentioned above leads to a value of 1:71 1013 m2 . This is an upper limit to the cross section due to imperfections in polarization and residual lin ...
... number of detected atoms. For the cycling transition, the resonant absorption cross section is 2:14 1013 m2 . Applying the measured 20% reduction mentioned above leads to a value of 1:71 1013 m2 . This is an upper limit to the cross section due to imperfections in polarization and residual lin ...
Booklet Chapter 3
... Electronegativity A measure of the electron-attracting ability of an atom in a chemical bond. Molecular compound A compound composed of molecules. In such compounds, all of the bonds between atoms are covalent bonds. Ionic compound A compound that consists of ions held together by ionic bonds. Chemi ...
... Electronegativity A measure of the electron-attracting ability of an atom in a chemical bond. Molecular compound A compound composed of molecules. In such compounds, all of the bonds between atoms are covalent bonds. Ionic compound A compound that consists of ions held together by ionic bonds. Chemi ...
Angewandte - School of Physics
... has been verified, which indicates that these model systems are thermally stable up to 450 K, that is, no agglomeration to larger particles occurs during the heating phase. The clean MgO(100) surface as well as multilayer gold films grown on MgO(100) are catalytically inert, the latter reflecting th ...
... has been verified, which indicates that these model systems are thermally stable up to 450 K, that is, no agglomeration to larger particles occurs during the heating phase. The clean MgO(100) surface as well as multilayer gold films grown on MgO(100) are catalytically inert, the latter reflecting th ...
KINETICS (chap 12)
... Know the types of radiation, their symbol and the corresponding changes in mass, Y, and atomic number Z. (see table in course guide) Know how to predict if a nucleus is stable, {n:p ratio ~1} ...
... Know the types of radiation, their symbol and the corresponding changes in mass, Y, and atomic number Z. (see table in course guide) Know how to predict if a nucleus is stable, {n:p ratio ~1} ...
Notes for Quarter I
... amplitude, or height, than the individual waves had. When waves combine by destructive interference, the resulting wave has a smaller amplitude than the individual waves had. Diffracted light waves can cause both types of interference (Fig. 9, p. 650). Section 4 – Light and Color When light strikes ...
... amplitude, or height, than the individual waves had. When waves combine by destructive interference, the resulting wave has a smaller amplitude than the individual waves had. Diffracted light waves can cause both types of interference (Fig. 9, p. 650). Section 4 – Light and Color When light strikes ...
Identifying student and teacher difficulties in interpreting
... ionize easily: after making an initial transition from the ground state to the first excited state it would be possible to absorb a second photon and ionize. (iii) Bohr’s predictions were limited to spectral frequencies. The prediction of their intensity was a weakness in his work [33]. A complete m ...
... ionize easily: after making an initial transition from the ground state to the first excited state it would be possible to absorb a second photon and ionize. (iii) Bohr’s predictions were limited to spectral frequencies. The prediction of their intensity was a weakness in his work [33]. A complete m ...
Magnetism: Models and Mechanisms - cond
... Let us identify the parameters of the electronic Hamiltonian important for magnetism. The first is the crystal-field matrix εm,m0 . The crystal field at a given site i is a non-spherical potential due to the joint effect of the electric field generated by the surrounding ions and of covalent-bond fo ...
... Let us identify the parameters of the electronic Hamiltonian important for magnetism. The first is the crystal-field matrix εm,m0 . The crystal field at a given site i is a non-spherical potential due to the joint effect of the electric field generated by the surrounding ions and of covalent-bond fo ...
CHAPTER 4 | Solution Chemistry and the Hydrosphere
... e– + VO2+(aq) + 2 H+(aq) VO2+(aq) + H2O ( ) This reaction is a reduction. (d) As written, the reactant side has a charge of 0 and the product side has a charge of 10+. We need to add 10 electrons to the product side to balance the charge. I2(s) + 6 H2O ( ) 2 IO3–(aq) + 12 H+(aq) + 10 e– This rea ...
... e– + VO2+(aq) + 2 H+(aq) VO2+(aq) + H2O ( ) This reaction is a reduction. (d) As written, the reactant side has a charge of 0 and the product side has a charge of 10+. We need to add 10 electrons to the product side to balance the charge. I2(s) + 6 H2O ( ) 2 IO3–(aq) + 12 H+(aq) + 10 e– This rea ...
9.1 REDOX Introduction to Oxidation and Reduction
... 1. Atoms of solid metals are neutral (i.e. 0) (no charge has they have the same number of protons and neutrons) ...
... 1. Atoms of solid metals are neutral (i.e. 0) (no charge has they have the same number of protons and neutrons) ...
Electrical current carried by neutral quasiparticles - KITP
... Conventional wisdom holds that, in a Galilean-invariant system of particles of fixed charge-to-mass ratio e/m, the local current density is proportional to the local momentum density, J(x)⫽(e/m)P(x). The conservation of total momentum then implies conservation of the total current, (d/dt)J ⫽0. This ...
... Conventional wisdom holds that, in a Galilean-invariant system of particles of fixed charge-to-mass ratio e/m, the local current density is proportional to the local momentum density, J(x)⫽(e/m)P(x). The conservation of total momentum then implies conservation of the total current, (d/dt)J ⫽0. This ...
Magnetic ordering of nuclear spins in an interacting two-dimensional electron... Pascal Simon, Bernd Braunecker, and Daniel Loss
... derived a rather general effective Hamiltonian for nuclear spins after integrating out electron degrees of freedom, and finally performed a spin wave analysis around a ferromagnetic ground state 共which we assumed to be the lowest energy state兲. We indeed showed that TC = 0 for noninteracting electro ...
... derived a rather general effective Hamiltonian for nuclear spins after integrating out electron degrees of freedom, and finally performed a spin wave analysis around a ferromagnetic ground state 共which we assumed to be the lowest energy state兲. We indeed showed that TC = 0 for noninteracting electro ...
Electron configuration
In atomic physics and quantum chemistry, the electron configuration is the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule (or other physical structure) in atomic or molecular orbitals. For example, the electron configuration of the neon atom is 1s2 2s2 2p6.Electronic configurations describe electrons as each moving independently in an orbital, in an average field created by all other orbitals. Mathematically, configurations are described by Slater determinants or configuration state functions.According to the laws of quantum mechanics, for systems with only one electron, an energy is associated with each electron configuration and, upon certain conditions, electrons are able to move from one configuration to another by the emission or absorption of a quantum of energy, in the form of a photon.Knowledge of the electron configuration of different atoms is useful in understanding the structure of the periodic table of elements. The concept is also useful for describing the chemical bonds that hold atoms together. In bulk materials, this same idea helps explain the peculiar properties of lasers and semiconductors.