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... Scientific utility of the Copernican Heliocentric Model • Can deduce the true “sidereal” (as opposed to readily measured “synodic”) orbital periods of each of the planets [see textbook BOX 4-1 and Table 4-1] • Can deduce the distance that each planet is from the Sun, relative to the Earth’s distanc ...
A crater is a large, bowl-shaped hole found in solid, rocky surfaces
A crater is a large, bowl-shaped hole found in solid, rocky surfaces

... Gaseous planets have little or no evidence of impact craters, even though meteoroids strike gaseous planets as often as they strike rocky planets. Craters leave only a temporary record in the gaseous atmosphere. Craters on Earth Earth also was heavily cratered during its formation, and it still rece ...
Mars: First Order Landforms
Mars: First Order Landforms

...  Mars has one of the greatest eccentricities in the solar system at 0.0934  Earth is one of the more circular at 0.0167 ...
uc5e. - Math/Science Nucleus
uc5e. - Math/Science Nucleus

... marked by abundant impact craters. These formed when asteroids struck the planet. The Earth is also hit by extraterrestrial objects, but here craters are quickly destroyed by erosion and surface processes. This difference is another indication that the surface of Mars is old. However, there is a fea ...
Into the Solar System-Mars
Into the Solar System-Mars

... miles above the plain of Utaopia Planitia. This is not as far fetched as it sounds. Mars is rich in minerals—especially iron and aluminum, which, even in the 24th century, will still be the basis of engineering construction. The other elements required to make complex starship alloys would be neede ...
Water, water, everywhere – where to drink in the solar
Water, water, everywhere – where to drink in the solar

... contains methane, ammonia and carbon monoxide as well as water. However, at the distance of Jupiter from the sun, only five times further out than the Earth, it was too hot for the more volatile ices to condense, resulting in relatively pure water ice. There is compelling evidence that several icy m ...
The Earth from Space
The Earth from Space

... "Burns Cliff" after driving right to the base of this southeastern portion of the inner wall of "Endurance Crater." The view combines frames taken by Opportunity's panoramic camera between the rover's 287th and 294th sol (Nov. 13 to 20, 2004). Because of this wide-angle view, the cliff walls appear ...
Mars 2003: Closest Approach
Mars 2003: Closest Approach

... reveal two nearly opposite sides of Mars. Hubble snapped these photos as the red planet was making its closest approach to Earth in nearly 60,000 years. The image at left (A) was taken August 26, 2003, several hours before Mars had its closest encounter with Earth. The prominent Martian features in ...
Inner or Terrestrial Planets
Inner or Terrestrial Planets

... • Among all of the planets besides Earth, Mars appears to have had conditions that might have been most suitable for life. • What appear to be dry lake beds and water erosion on Mars are visible from orbit. • If liquid water once existed on the surface of Mars did life also? Might it still be there? ...
The Terrestrial Planets
The Terrestrial Planets

... – The atmospheric pressure on Venus is equivalent to 92 Earth atmospheres. – An efficient greenhouse effect is achieved with an atmosphere that is primarily carbon dioxide and nitrogen with clouds of sulfuric acid. ...
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Europa (moon of Jupiter)

... Mars is a small rocky planet that has experienced volcanic eruptions, numerous impact events, and displays many atmospheric changes. Areas of layered soils near the Martian poles suggest that the planet's climate has changed more than once, perhaps caused by a regular change in the planet's orbit. M ...
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Week #2: Mars!

... 1830, 1862 – first maps of Mars made 1877 - only 1% less close than it was this week! - Schiaparelli called features “canali” – channels 1892, 1894 – Mars fever!! example of one of the first “maps” of Mars’ surface features ...
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crater creator lab
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... The planets and moons have been continuously pelted by asteroids ever since their formation. Just look at the Moon through a small telescope or a good pair of binoculars and you will see that its surface is covered by craters. If we assume that asteroids strike all regions of a planetary body at app ...
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Lecture Five (Powerpoint format)

...  Mars is much smaller than the Earth, with a radius about half that of Earth, and a mass of about a tenth the Earth’s.  The surface temperature today is far below the freezing point of water.  Even if one could warm water ice on Mars today, it would go directly into a gaseous state without becomi ...
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... giant asteroid impacts are about the same age. – The kinetic energy of an asteroid of rock and ice 100 to 200 kilometers across (62 to 124 miles across) that smashed into Mars would have heated the planet’s surface, and the asteroid’s ice content would have become a scalding rain that fell for many ...
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EXPLORING PLANET MIGRATION AND EARLY SOLAR SYSTEM

... the Earth, it produces a vapor-rich ejecta plume containing numerous sand-sized melt droplets, most of which rise above the atmosphere. Eventually the droplets cool and fall back, forming a global layer that can be several mm to many cm thick for Chicxulub-sized or larger impact events. These layers ...
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A Survey of the Planets Mercury Difficult to observe

... Weathered, tectonic, volcanic, and cratered surface. One satellite (large relative to its primary). Moon Cratered surface - formed by impacts Mare - (“seas”) formed by lava flows Regolith - soil Age: 4.5 Gy - same as rest of solar system (Gy = 109 years) ...
Chapter 5 Terrestrial Worlds
Chapter 5 Terrestrial Worlds

... Erosion • Erosion is a blanket term for weather-driven processes that break down or transport rock. • Processes that cause erosion include: ...
Lecture Five (Powerpoint format)
Lecture Five (Powerpoint format)

...  Mars is much smaller than the Earth, with a radius about half that of Earth, and a mass of about a tenth the Earth’s.  The surface temperature today is far below the freezing point of water.  Even if one could warm water ice on Mars today, it would go directly into a gaseous state without becomi ...
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Oxia Palus quadrangle



The Oxia Palus quadrangle is one of a series of 30 quadrangle maps of Mars used by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Astrogeology Research Program. The Oxia Palus quadrangle is also referred to as MC-11 (Mars Chart-11).The quadrangle covers the region of 0° to 45° west longitude and 0° to 30° north latitude on Mars. This quadrangle contains parts of many regions: Chryse Planitia, Arabia Terra, Xanthe Terra, Margaritifer Terra, and Meridiani Planum.Mars Pathfinder landed in the Oxia Palus quadrangle at 19.13°N 33.22°W / 19.13; -33.22, on July 4, 1997. Crater names in Oxia Palus are a Who's Who for famous scientists. Besides Galilaei and DaVinci, some of the people who discovered the atom and radiation are honored there: Curie, Becquerel, and Rutherford. Mawrth Vallis was strongly considered as a landing site for NASA's next Mars rover, the Mars Science Laboratory. This quadrangle contains abundant evidence for past water in such forms as river valleys, lakes, springs, and chaos areas where water flowed out of the ground. A variety of clay minerals have been found in Oxia Palus. Clay is formed in water, and it is good for preserving microscopic evidence of ancient life. Recently, scientists have found strong evidence for a lake located in the Oxia Palus quadrangle that received drainage from Shalbatana Vallis. The study, carried out with HiRISE images, indicates that water formed a 30-mile-long canyon that opened up into a valley, deposited sediment, and created a delta. This delta and others around the basin imply the existence of a large, long-lived lake. Of special interest is evidence that the lake formed after the warm, wet period was thought to have ended. So, lakes may have been around much longer than previously thought.
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