BRIEF ANSWERS TO SELECTED PROBLEMS APPENDIX G
... His measurements showed that a gas was involved in the reaction. He called this gas oxygen (one of his key discoveries). 1.16 A well-designed experiment must have the following essential features: (1) There must be at least two variables that are expected to be related; (2) there must be a way to co ...
... His measurements showed that a gas was involved in the reaction. He called this gas oxygen (one of his key discoveries). 1.16 A well-designed experiment must have the following essential features: (1) There must be at least two variables that are expected to be related; (2) there must be a way to co ...
Resolution-of-identity approach to Hartree–Fock, hybrid
... where Ne is the number of electrons that interact via the Coulomb interaction vieej ≡ 1/|ri − r j |, and viext ≡ vext (ri ) is a local, multiplicative external potential, usually due to the nuclei. Hartree atomic units are used throughout this paper. The numerical cost for an exact solution of the H ...
... where Ne is the number of electrons that interact via the Coulomb interaction vieej ≡ 1/|ri − r j |, and viext ≡ vext (ri ) is a local, multiplicative external potential, usually due to the nuclei. Hartree atomic units are used throughout this paper. The numerical cost for an exact solution of the H ...
Fluctuations in Ideal and Interacting Bose
... that come out of his laboratory. His discoveries have brought increasingly new life to both the theoretical and experimental quantum optical physicists. The scientific methods developed in his laboratory have become a mainstay to quantum optics laboratories all over the world. Three qualities of Her ...
... that come out of his laboratory. His discoveries have brought increasingly new life to both the theoretical and experimental quantum optical physicists. The scientific methods developed in his laboratory have become a mainstay to quantum optics laboratories all over the world. Three qualities of Her ...
Perspective: Fifty years of density-functional theory in chemical physics
... Variational minimization of Eq. (18) with respect to the orbitals ψ i yields the Kohn-Sham (KS) orbital equation ...
... Variational minimization of Eq. (18) with respect to the orbitals ψ i yields the Kohn-Sham (KS) orbital equation ...
Resonant Energy Transfer in ultracold Rydberg gases
... bound to the nucleus is very sensitive to external electric fields, resulting in a large polarizability of the Rydberg atoms. Since the non-excited inner electrons of the atom are on trajectories close to the nucleus, they are hardly resolved from the far out-lying outer electron, which ”sees” the i ...
... bound to the nucleus is very sensitive to external electric fields, resulting in a large polarizability of the Rydberg atoms. Since the non-excited inner electrons of the atom are on trajectories close to the nucleus, they are hardly resolved from the far out-lying outer electron, which ”sees” the i ...
Controlling electron quantum dot qubits by spin
... eigenenergies. Apart from the possibility of tuning these frequencies by the spinorbit interactions, more importantly, the spin-orbit interactions make such frequencies spin dependent. This can be used, for example, for spin manipulations or spin to charge conversion schemes. Second area of our rese ...
... eigenenergies. Apart from the possibility of tuning these frequencies by the spinorbit interactions, more importantly, the spin-orbit interactions make such frequencies spin dependent. This can be used, for example, for spin manipulations or spin to charge conversion schemes. Second area of our rese ...
Electronic-structure calculations by first-principles
... and performing a relatively small configuration interaction ~CI! calculation within the orbitals localized on the embedded cluster. This strategy provides an approximate way of accounting for nearby electrons outside the embedded cluster itself. The theory enables the treatment of localized chemisor ...
... and performing a relatively small configuration interaction ~CI! calculation within the orbitals localized on the embedded cluster. This strategy provides an approximate way of accounting for nearby electrons outside the embedded cluster itself. The theory enables the treatment of localized chemisor ...
On the Dynamics of Single-Electron Tunneling in Semiconductor
... on classical diffusive electron transport. Higher operation speed requires a further reduction of the device dimensions and a much smaller power dissipation. This will eventually lead to a break-down of the classical approach when the device dimension will be comparable to the Fermi wavelength and h ...
... on classical diffusive electron transport. Higher operation speed requires a further reduction of the device dimensions and a much smaller power dissipation. This will eventually lead to a break-down of the classical approach when the device dimension will be comparable to the Fermi wavelength and h ...
Regents Review Live
... This is the bright-line spectrum of hydrogen. The top numbers represent the PEL (shell) change that produces the light with that color and the bottom number is the wavelength of the light (in nanometers, or 10-9 m). No other element has the same bright-line spectrum as hydrogen, so these spectra can ...
... This is the bright-line spectrum of hydrogen. The top numbers represent the PEL (shell) change that produces the light with that color and the bottom number is the wavelength of the light (in nanometers, or 10-9 m). No other element has the same bright-line spectrum as hydrogen, so these spectra can ...
Coupling ultracold atoms to mechanical oscillators
... We focus initially on the most straightforward approach, the direct mechanical coupling of the oscillator’s motion to the motion of trapped atoms. The coupling results from a force that depends on the distance between the two systems, such that the force gradient converts an oscillation of the posit ...
... We focus initially on the most straightforward approach, the direct mechanical coupling of the oscillator’s motion to the motion of trapped atoms. The coupling results from a force that depends on the distance between the two systems, such that the force gradient converts an oscillation of the posit ...
Chapter 3: Ionic and Covalent Compounds Chapter 3: Ionic and
... 80. Anions are formed when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons. A) True B) False Ans: A Difficulty: Easy 81. The (II) in the name of the ionic compound lead (II) acetate specifically indicates that there are two lead ions present in the compound. A) True B) False Ans: B Difficulty: Medium 82. ...
... 80. Anions are formed when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons. A) True B) False Ans: A Difficulty: Easy 81. The (II) in the name of the ionic compound lead (II) acetate specifically indicates that there are two lead ions present in the compound. A) True B) False Ans: B Difficulty: Medium 82. ...
Quantum Physics of Atoms, Molecules, Solids, Nuclei, and Particles
... chapters can be gone through fairly rapidly, particularly for students who have had some prior exposure to quantum physics. The basic core of quantum mechanics, and its application to one- and two-electron atoms, is contained in Chapters 5 through 8 and the first four sections of Chapter 9. This cor ...
... chapters can be gone through fairly rapidly, particularly for students who have had some prior exposure to quantum physics. The basic core of quantum mechanics, and its application to one- and two-electron atoms, is contained in Chapters 5 through 8 and the first four sections of Chapter 9. This cor ...
Entanglement Spectrum in the Fractional Quantum Hall Effect
... In particular the FQHE exhibits a new type of order different from the classical or quantum orders that can be described by the paradigm of Landau’s symmetry breaking theory. This new type of order is robust upon local perturbations and cannot be described by a symmetry or a broken symmetry. In part ...
... In particular the FQHE exhibits a new type of order different from the classical or quantum orders that can be described by the paradigm of Landau’s symmetry breaking theory. This new type of order is robust upon local perturbations and cannot be described by a symmetry or a broken symmetry. In part ...
Quantum Interference between Single Photons from a Single Atom
... With the photon as the interconnect, the implementation may require the different physical systems to produce indistinguishable photons which is an important element in linear optics based quantum computation [10]. Yet, different physical systems produce single photons that are usually not indisting ...
... With the photon as the interconnect, the implementation may require the different physical systems to produce indistinguishable photons which is an important element in linear optics based quantum computation [10]. Yet, different physical systems produce single photons that are usually not indisting ...
Atomic orbital
An atomic orbital is a mathematical function that describes the wave-like behavior of either one electron or a pair of electrons in an atom. This function can be used to calculate the probability of finding any electron of an atom in any specific region around the atom's nucleus. The term may also refer to the physical region or space where the electron can be calculated to be present, as defined by the particular mathematical form of the orbital.Each orbital in an atom is characterized by a unique set of values of the three quantum numbers n, ℓ, and m, which respectively correspond to the electron's energy, angular momentum, and an angular momentum vector component (the magnetic quantum number). Any orbital can be occupied by a maximum of two electrons, each with its own spin quantum number. The simple names s orbital, p orbital, d orbital and f orbital refer to orbitals with angular momentum quantum number ℓ = 0, 1, 2 and 3 respectively. These names, together with the value of n, are used to describe the electron configurations of atoms. They are derived from the description by early spectroscopists of certain series of alkali metal spectroscopic lines as sharp, principal, diffuse, and fundamental. Orbitals for ℓ > 3 continue alphabetically, omitting j (g, h, i, k, …).Atomic orbitals are the basic building blocks of the atomic orbital model (alternatively known as the electron cloud or wave mechanics model), a modern framework for visualizing the submicroscopic behavior of electrons in matter. In this model the electron cloud of a multi-electron atom may be seen as being built up (in approximation) in an electron configuration that is a product of simpler hydrogen-like atomic orbitals. The repeating periodicity of the blocks of 2, 6, 10, and 14 elements within sections of the periodic table arises naturally from the total number of electrons that occupy a complete set of s, p, d and f atomic orbitals, respectively.