Worksheet to accompany demos on exchange reactions
... atom must get short-shrifted! That is, the electrons ―assigned‖ to O were effectively ―taken away‖ from C. Since the two O atoms each get 2 extra electrons, the C atom must be deficient by 4 electrons, and so it would have 4 fewer electrons than a neutral C atom and so it would have a ―fictitious‖ c ...
... atom must get short-shrifted! That is, the electrons ―assigned‖ to O were effectively ―taken away‖ from C. Since the two O atoms each get 2 extra electrons, the C atom must be deficient by 4 electrons, and so it would have 4 fewer electrons than a neutral C atom and so it would have a ―fictitious‖ c ...
Reversible universal quantum computation within translation
... We show how to perform reversible universal quantum computation on a translationally invariant pure state, using only global operations based on next-neighbor interactions. We do not need not to break the translational symmetry of the state at any time during the computation. Since the proposed sche ...
... We show how to perform reversible universal quantum computation on a translationally invariant pure state, using only global operations based on next-neighbor interactions. We do not need not to break the translational symmetry of the state at any time during the computation. Since the proposed sche ...
Electron phase coherence
... Aharonov-Bohm effect In classical mechanics the motion of a charged particle is not affected by the presence of magnetic fields in regions from which the particle is excluded. For a quantum charged particle there can be an observable phase shift in the interference pattern recorded at the detector. ...
... Aharonov-Bohm effect In classical mechanics the motion of a charged particle is not affected by the presence of magnetic fields in regions from which the particle is excluded. For a quantum charged particle there can be an observable phase shift in the interference pattern recorded at the detector. ...
On the Reality of the Quantum State
... by German electric companies, who at the time were attempting to produce the brightest light bulbs possible given minimum energy input, an optimisation problem that would be solved by a correct blackbody theory. By the end of 1893 Wien had discovered [7] what is now known as Wien’s law, giving the b ...
... by German electric companies, who at the time were attempting to produce the brightest light bulbs possible given minimum energy input, an optimisation problem that would be solved by a correct blackbody theory. By the end of 1893 Wien had discovered [7] what is now known as Wien’s law, giving the b ...
Ch6-Energy in Chemical Reactions-Chemical Reactions
... Chemists measure chemical in grams as the amount in the reaction. Therefore, we need a conversion factor to convert grams to atoms or molecules. Mole is the connection or the conversion factor between atoms and grams. Mole is just a large number 6.022 x 1023 for counting atoms like dozen -12 for co ...
... Chemists measure chemical in grams as the amount in the reaction. Therefore, we need a conversion factor to convert grams to atoms or molecules. Mole is the connection or the conversion factor between atoms and grams. Mole is just a large number 6.022 x 1023 for counting atoms like dozen -12 for co ...
Atomic physics
... separations shown in Fig. 1 we can represent the interatomic motion by a wave function that has a sinusoidal dependence on R, the interatomic distance. If there is no interaction between the two atoms the sine wave has a zero at R50. If the interaction is attractive the nodes of the wave function ar ...
... separations shown in Fig. 1 we can represent the interatomic motion by a wave function that has a sinusoidal dependence on R, the interatomic distance. If there is no interaction between the two atoms the sine wave has a zero at R50. If the interaction is attractive the nodes of the wave function ar ...
Balancing Redox Reactions 1 - VCC Library
... electrons lost in the oxidation process must equal the total number of electrons gained during the reduction process. In a redox reaction, the substance that gets oxidized (that loses electrons) is called the reducing agent because it reduces the other substance by giving its electrons. The substanc ...
... electrons lost in the oxidation process must equal the total number of electrons gained during the reduction process. In a redox reaction, the substance that gets oxidized (that loses electrons) is called the reducing agent because it reduces the other substance by giving its electrons. The substanc ...
Get PDF - OSA Publishing
... apply this technique first to the quantum rotor model —which describes the lattice for large and commensurate occupation per site [6], and has also been used to describe an array of Josephson junctions [14]—, and next to the Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian. The accuracy of the variational theory in both m ...
... apply this technique first to the quantum rotor model —which describes the lattice for large and commensurate occupation per site [6], and has also been used to describe an array of Josephson junctions [14]—, and next to the Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian. The accuracy of the variational theory in both m ...
Publication : Relativistic Coupled Cluster Calculations with
... elementary particles like the electron or the muon is now well established [1]. For example, the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron g − 2 can be determined precisely to ∼11 significant digits using summations over more than 10 000 terms of the tenth order Feynman diagrams including lowest ord ...
... elementary particles like the electron or the muon is now well established [1]. For example, the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron g − 2 can be determined precisely to ∼11 significant digits using summations over more than 10 000 terms of the tenth order Feynman diagrams including lowest ord ...
MEASUREMENT OF LIFETIMES OF EXCITED STATES OF THE
... energetic ions or atoms in collisions with gas molecules, we must consider the following fact. In the apparatus usually used for this type of experiment, a monoenergetic beam of the ions or atoms being studied enters a collision chamber filled with gas to a pressure at which single collisions occur ...
... energetic ions or atoms in collisions with gas molecules, we must consider the following fact. In the apparatus usually used for this type of experiment, a monoenergetic beam of the ions or atoms being studied enters a collision chamber filled with gas to a pressure at which single collisions occur ...
The Mapping from 2D Ising Model to Quantum Spin Chain
... ln cosh(K). There are two remarks I would like to make: −2J ...
... ln cosh(K). There are two remarks I would like to make: −2J ...
Lecture 8: The fractional quantum Hall effect The fractional quantum
... energy, and it achieves this, by keeping the average density constant while introducing repulsive correlations. The introduction of a quasihole or quasiparticle spoils this result and could be expected to cost some extra energy, which on dimensional grounds would be expected to be of the order of e2 ...
... energy, and it achieves this, by keeping the average density constant while introducing repulsive correlations. The introduction of a quasihole or quasiparticle spoils this result and could be expected to cost some extra energy, which on dimensional grounds would be expected to be of the order of e2 ...
Semiclassical Correlation in Density
... Example 4: Apply an optimal control field to soft-Coulomb He For simplicity, first just use the control field that takes ground 1st excited state in the exact system. Then simply run FG dynamics with this field. Optimal field ...
... Example 4: Apply an optimal control field to soft-Coulomb He For simplicity, first just use the control field that takes ground 1st excited state in the exact system. Then simply run FG dynamics with this field. Optimal field ...
Inhomogeneous boundary effects in semiconductor quantum wires
... be discussed in conjunction with boundary effects. Also, our calculation [7] of the multiple-parallel uniform quantum wire system, based on a conventional transport theory extended from the bulk system, shows that the conductance always has a sudden drop whenever the Fermi energy reaches the bottom ...
... be discussed in conjunction with boundary effects. Also, our calculation [7] of the multiple-parallel uniform quantum wire system, based on a conventional transport theory extended from the bulk system, shows that the conductance always has a sudden drop whenever the Fermi energy reaches the bottom ...
Bohr model
In atomic physics, the Rutherford–Bohr model or Bohr model, introduced by Niels Bohr in 1913, depicts the atom as a small, positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons that travel in circular orbits around the nucleus—similar in structure to the solar system, but with attraction provided by electrostatic forces rather than gravity. After the cubic model (1902), the plum-pudding model (1904), the Saturnian model (1904), and the Rutherford model (1911) came the Rutherford–Bohr model or just Bohr model for short (1913). The improvement to the Rutherford model is mostly a quantum physical interpretation of it. The Bohr model has been superseded, but the quantum theory remains sound.The model's key success lay in explaining the Rydberg formula for the spectral emission lines of atomic hydrogen. While the Rydberg formula had been known experimentally, it did not gain a theoretical underpinning until the Bohr model was introduced. Not only did the Bohr model explain the reason for the structure of the Rydberg formula, it also provided a justification for its empirical results in terms of fundamental physical constants.The Bohr model is a relatively primitive model of the hydrogen atom, compared to the valence shell atom. As a theory, it can be derived as a first-order approximation of the hydrogen atom using the broader and much more accurate quantum mechanics and thus may be considered to be an obsolete scientific theory. However, because of its simplicity, and its correct results for selected systems (see below for application), the Bohr model is still commonly taught to introduce students to quantum mechanics or energy level diagrams before moving on to the more accurate, but more complex, valence shell atom. A related model was originally proposed by Arthur Erich Haas in 1910, but was rejected. The quantum theory of the period between Planck's discovery of the quantum (1900) and the advent of a full-blown quantum mechanics (1925) is often referred to as the old quantum theory.