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The Quantum Hall Effect: Novel Excitations and Broken Symmetries
The Quantum Hall Effect: Novel Excitations and Broken Symmetries

... about 10−10 and an absolute accuracy of about 10−8 (both being limited by our ability to do resistance metrology). In 1982, Tsui, Störmer and Gossard discovered that in certain devices with reduced (but still non-zero) disorder, the quantum number ν could take on rational fractional values. This so ...
PDF Full-text
PDF Full-text

... with the cylindrical, D∞h, symmetry of the molecule. According to Harcourt’s Bohr orbit bonding theory, atoms have quantum number n Bohr orbits in their valence shell. Each orbit can have a maximum of 2n electrons that are positioned with alternating spin around the orbit. For O2 triplet there are s ...
Quantum HPC Sweden
Quantum HPC Sweden

... ▪ Quantum speedup can only be realized if the evolution exp(-iAt) can be implemented using a short circuit, i.e. it does not depend on lots of data ▪ Electromagnetic wave scattering problem (Clader et al, PRL, 2013) ...
Cooling and Trapping Neutral Atoms
Cooling and Trapping Neutral Atoms

... understanding superconductivity in many materials. By simulating such systems using cold atomic gases, various condensed matter models can be studied in a highly controllable environment. We have observed coherence and thus indirect evidence for superfluidity of interacting fermions in an optical la ...
第三次工業革命
第三次工業革命

... two-level model (C. Stafford and B. Barrett, Phys. Rev. C60 (1999) 051305) where only one ND state is involved in the decay out process . This approach could be valid when the coupling between the SD state and ND states is rather weak, namely spreading width is small. Very recently this approach was ...
Chemistry 2 Higher revision mark scheme
Chemistry 2 Higher revision mark scheme

... germanium tetrachloride has covalent bonding or when two non-metals react they have covalent bonding GaC14/the salt of germanium undergiven hydrolysis/reacts with water germanium is not a good conductor of electricity* * conductivity mark can only be given once any 3 for 1 mark each ...
971015 Exam - NTOU-Chem
971015 Exam - NTOU-Chem

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Orbital order in classical models of transition
Orbital order in classical models of transition

Chapter 8 - Cengage Learning
Chapter 8 - Cengage Learning

... are looking at the number of atoms or the mass of the atoms. In terms of numbers of atoms, ammonia is ¾ hydrogen (there are four atoms making up an ammonia molecule, and three of them are hydrogen). But it is often important to know the composition by mass of a compound. Chemists have instruments th ...
as a PDF
as a PDF

Isotopic fractionation in proteins as a measure of hydrogen bond
Isotopic fractionation in proteins as a measure of hydrogen bond

... showed that this model can give a quantitative description of the correlations observed18 for a diverse range of chemical compounds between R and X–H bond lengths, vibrational frequencies, and isotope effects.14 We now briefly discuss the domain of applicability of this simple model to hydrogen bond ...
PDF only - at www.arxiv.org.
PDF only - at www.arxiv.org.

... the beam's path--that reflects 50% of the beam upward and transmits 50% forward. Mirrors M re-direct both beams so they come together at the upper right corner where a second beam splitter again transmits and reflects both beams, thus mixing them together so they can interf ...
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Solvation of electronically excited I2-



... the spectrum of black body radiation emitted by heated objects. The latter problem was solved by Max Planck, who published a paper in 1901, where he assumed that matter and radiation can exchange energy only in discrete quantities 10 . Using the machinery of statistical mechanics, he was able to der ...
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... important and define the very structure of our world, while others are more subtle, but still quite interesting. Below is a list of these consequences in the order of decreasing importance. 1.2.1 The Pauli Principle Because of s = 1/2, the electrons are fermions, and so no more than one electron per ...
1 Basics of Semiconductor and Spin Physics
1 Basics of Semiconductor and Spin Physics

... important and define the very structure of our world, while others are more subtle, but still quite interesting. Below is a list of these consequences in the order of decreasing importance. 1.2.1 The Pauli Principle Because of s = 1/2, the electrons are fermions, and so no more than one electron per ...
5, 4023 (2014)
5, 4023 (2014)

... Recently, the ground state properties of a BEC with onedimensional (1D) or two-dimensional (2D) SO coupling have been analysed theoretically. These investigations have predicted a plane wave or stripe phase for different parameter regimes16–23, agreeing with the experimental observations3. In the pl ...
Kondo-model for quantum-dots with spin
Kondo-model for quantum-dots with spin

... materials where spin is no longer a good quantum number. If an external magnetic field is applied, the Kondo peak is Zeeman split into ...
Effect of quantum nuclear motion on hydrogen bonding
Effect of quantum nuclear motion on hydrogen bonding

SEMICLASSICAL AND LARGE QUANTUM NUMBER LIMITS
SEMICLASSICAL AND LARGE QUANTUM NUMBER LIMITS

... a 1/r potential in two spatial dimensions, where the exact quantum mechanical result approaches that of the Born approximation but differs substantially from the classical result at high energies [4, 5, 6]. A one-dimensional potential well with a tail proportional to rd with −2 < d < 0 supports an i ...
Final Exam 4
Final Exam 4

76, 023605 (2007).
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... we can determine the spin-correlation function ␰兵␣ jk , k = 1 , . . . , n其 through Eq. 共8兲. To illustrate our technique we consider a specific experimental system: 87Rb atoms confined on a single two-dimensional 共xy plane兲 optical lattice with two hyperfine ground states 兩 ↓ 典 ⬅ 兩F = 1 , mF = −1典 an ...
Nonlinear Susceptibilities of Donor
Nonlinear Susceptibilities of Donor

... in particular for identifying the excited states which dominate the resonant r e s p o n ~ e . ~ *Electron ~ ~ ~ , ' ~correlation effects may be incorporated into the states by configuration interaction (CI). However, this requires extensive computer effort even for relatively small systems, because ...
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support material

... Dalton's Atomic Theory All substances are made up of tiny, indivisible particles called atoms. Atoms of the same element are identical in shape, size, mass and other properties. Atoms of different elements are different in all respects. Atom is the smallest unit that takes part in chemical combinati ...
Adiabatic processes in the ionization of highly excited hydrogen atoms
Adiabatic processes in the ionization of highly excited hydrogen atoms

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Bohr model



In atomic physics, the Rutherford–Bohr model or Bohr model, introduced by Niels Bohr in 1913, depicts the atom as a small, positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons that travel in circular orbits around the nucleus—similar in structure to the solar system, but with attraction provided by electrostatic forces rather than gravity. After the cubic model (1902), the plum-pudding model (1904), the Saturnian model (1904), and the Rutherford model (1911) came the Rutherford–Bohr model or just Bohr model for short (1913). The improvement to the Rutherford model is mostly a quantum physical interpretation of it. The Bohr model has been superseded, but the quantum theory remains sound.The model's key success lay in explaining the Rydberg formula for the spectral emission lines of atomic hydrogen. While the Rydberg formula had been known experimentally, it did not gain a theoretical underpinning until the Bohr model was introduced. Not only did the Bohr model explain the reason for the structure of the Rydberg formula, it also provided a justification for its empirical results in terms of fundamental physical constants.The Bohr model is a relatively primitive model of the hydrogen atom, compared to the valence shell atom. As a theory, it can be derived as a first-order approximation of the hydrogen atom using the broader and much more accurate quantum mechanics and thus may be considered to be an obsolete scientific theory. However, because of its simplicity, and its correct results for selected systems (see below for application), the Bohr model is still commonly taught to introduce students to quantum mechanics or energy level diagrams before moving on to the more accurate, but more complex, valence shell atom. A related model was originally proposed by Arthur Erich Haas in 1910, but was rejected. The quantum theory of the period between Planck's discovery of the quantum (1900) and the advent of a full-blown quantum mechanics (1925) is often referred to as the old quantum theory.
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