sloth source 3
... shoots, and leaves, mainly of Cecropia trees. Some two-toed sloths have been documented as eating insects, small reptiles and birds as a small supplement to their diet. Linnaeus's two-toed sloth has recently been documented eating human feces from open latrines.[2] They have made extraordinary adapt ...
... shoots, and leaves, mainly of Cecropia trees. Some two-toed sloths have been documented as eating insects, small reptiles and birds as a small supplement to their diet. Linnaeus's two-toed sloth has recently been documented eating human feces from open latrines.[2] They have made extraordinary adapt ...
Linking Top-down Forces to the Pleistocene Megafaunal Extinctions
... predator guild but were able to do so without paying the usual costs of competition and intraguild predation. The top-down forcing hypothesis relies on humans favoring large prey (ungulates, proboscideans, etc.) that were also preferred by large carnivores, such as dire wolves and sabertooth cats. W ...
... predator guild but were able to do so without paying the usual costs of competition and intraguild predation. The top-down forcing hypothesis relies on humans favoring large prey (ungulates, proboscideans, etc.) that were also preferred by large carnivores, such as dire wolves and sabertooth cats. W ...
Linking Top-down Forces to the Pleistocene
... predator guild but were able to do so without paying the usual costs of competition and intraguild predation. The top-down forcing hypothesis relies on humans favoring large prey (ungulates, proboscideans, etc.) that were also preferred by large carnivores, such as dire wolves and sabertooth cats. W ...
... predator guild but were able to do so without paying the usual costs of competition and intraguild predation. The top-down forcing hypothesis relies on humans favoring large prey (ungulates, proboscideans, etc.) that were also preferred by large carnivores, such as dire wolves and sabertooth cats. W ...
impacts of invasive stream salmonids on native fish: using meta
... species because the two first-mentioned are included in the list of 100 of the world’s worst invasive alien species (Lowe et al. 2000). Brook trout, although extensively transferred from its original range in eastern North America to other parts of the continent, as well as to other continents, is o ...
... species because the two first-mentioned are included in the list of 100 of the world’s worst invasive alien species (Lowe et al. 2000). Brook trout, although extensively transferred from its original range in eastern North America to other parts of the continent, as well as to other continents, is o ...
Where The Wild Extinctions Are
... Wilson's predictions of over thirty continental bird and mammal extinctions per year, each and every year. Even if his numbers were off by an order of magnitude, we should be seeing more than 3 continental extinctions per year from habitat reduction since at least 1900, around 300 continental extinc ...
... Wilson's predictions of over thirty continental bird and mammal extinctions per year, each and every year. Even if his numbers were off by an order of magnitude, we should be seeing more than 3 continental extinctions per year from habitat reduction since at least 1900, around 300 continental extinc ...
Madagascar: Island Continent of Tortoises Great and Small
... few mammalian carnivore species known from Madagascar are “derived from a single common ancestor that colonized Madagascar only once, sometime in the past” (Yoder and Flynn 2003). It is also important to realize that very large tortoises were widespread in Pleistocene times from the Bahamas, several ...
... few mammalian carnivore species known from Madagascar are “derived from a single common ancestor that colonized Madagascar only once, sometime in the past” (Yoder and Flynn 2003). It is also important to realize that very large tortoises were widespread in Pleistocene times from the Bahamas, several ...
Fulltext PDF
... they reappeared in Europe and existed there until the Pleistocene (1.8 - 0.12 mya). Changes in the size and positions of the continents also had a deep impact on the world's climate, which in turn, significantly affected primate evolution. Global cooling and increased glaciation in the Oligocene cau ...
... they reappeared in Europe and existed there until the Pleistocene (1.8 - 0.12 mya). Changes in the size and positions of the continents also had a deep impact on the world's climate, which in turn, significantly affected primate evolution. Global cooling and increased glaciation in the Oligocene cau ...
Late Quaternary Extinctions: State of the Debate
... annualreviews.org/). North America had proboscideans, giant ground sloths, camels, saber-tooth cats, and a giant beaver, among others. In Eurasia, woolly mammoth and rhinoceros, and giant deer with antlers spanning 3 m were common. South America hosted the car-sized glyptodont and the three-toed lit ...
... annualreviews.org/). North America had proboscideans, giant ground sloths, camels, saber-tooth cats, and a giant beaver, among others. In Eurasia, woolly mammoth and rhinoceros, and giant deer with antlers spanning 3 m were common. South America hosted the car-sized glyptodont and the three-toed lit ...
The Extinction of the Glaucus Macaw
... studies of Hyacinth and Lear's Macaws it is known that these super-specialized parrots rely on palm species that fruit year round. The large body size of these macaws means that it takes a lot of energy for them to fly long distances in search of ripe fruits. As a result these birds also need palms ...
... studies of Hyacinth and Lear's Macaws it is known that these super-specialized parrots rely on palm species that fruit year round. The large body size of these macaws means that it takes a lot of energy for them to fly long distances in search of ripe fruits. As a result these birds also need palms ...
Hoffmann`s Two-toed Sloth, Choloepus hoffmanni
... [edit] Ecology Sloths are omnivores. They may eat insects, small reptiles, and birds, but their diet consists mostly of buds, tender shoots, and leaves, mainly of Cecropia trees. They have made extraordinary adaptations to an arboreal browsing lifestyle. Leaves, their main food source, provide very ...
... [edit] Ecology Sloths are omnivores. They may eat insects, small reptiles, and birds, but their diet consists mostly of buds, tender shoots, and leaves, mainly of Cecropia trees. They have made extraordinary adaptations to an arboreal browsing lifestyle. Leaves, their main food source, provide very ...
Late Quaternary Extinctions: State of the Debate
... annualreviews.org/). North America had proboscideans, giant ground sloths, camels, saber-tooth cats, and a giant beaver, among others. In Eurasia, woolly mammoth and rhinoceros, and giant deer with antlers spanning 3 m were common. South America hosted the car-sized glyptodont and the three-toed lit ...
... annualreviews.org/). North America had proboscideans, giant ground sloths, camels, saber-tooth cats, and a giant beaver, among others. In Eurasia, woolly mammoth and rhinoceros, and giant deer with antlers spanning 3 m were common. South America hosted the car-sized glyptodont and the three-toed lit ...
Extinction and the zoogeography of West Indian land mammals
... primary mechanism by which these endemic South American mammal groups reached the islands. The primitive insectivores, Solenodon and Nesophontes, are derived from Early Tertiary forms in North .4merica that may have reached the islands through vicariance by way of a proto-Antillean archipelago. Many ...
... primary mechanism by which these endemic South American mammal groups reached the islands. The primitive insectivores, Solenodon and Nesophontes, are derived from Early Tertiary forms in North .4merica that may have reached the islands through vicariance by way of a proto-Antillean archipelago. Many ...
Invasions by Harmonia axyridis - North Central Research Station
... of H. axyridis in South America we review the history of its invasion in the Western Hemisphere and address various factors critical to the future invasion (i.e., arrival, establishment, and spread) of new areas of South America. The likelihood of continued introductions (i.e., arrival) of H. axyrid ...
... of H. axyridis in South America we review the history of its invasion in the Western Hemisphere and address various factors critical to the future invasion (i.e., arrival, establishment, and spread) of new areas of South America. The likelihood of continued introductions (i.e., arrival) of H. axyrid ...
species richness, latitude, and scale-sensitivity
... Willig and Lyons 1998), with many species having extensive ranges that encompass a large portion of both continents (Lyons and Willig 1997). Moreover, bat spe- ...
... Willig and Lyons 1998), with many species having extensive ranges that encompass a large portion of both continents (Lyons and Willig 1997). Moreover, bat spe- ...
Megafauna and ecosystem function from the
... pounds (45.3 kg). An alternative approach is to use a trophic herbivore–carnivore cascade definition (Fig. 1). For herbivores, large size is a generally effective strategy for protection against predators, which is one of the factors that results in a tendency toward large animal size in all ecosyst ...
... pounds (45.3 kg). An alternative approach is to use a trophic herbivore–carnivore cascade definition (Fig. 1). For herbivores, large size is a generally effective strategy for protection against predators, which is one of the factors that results in a tendency toward large animal size in all ecosyst ...
Biome Scavenger Hunt
... Grasses and scattered trees are the backdrop to lions, hyenas, cheetahs, elephants, giraffes, zebras, birds and insects. Africa, South America, and Australia are locations to go if you want to visit this biome. Abiotic factors that influence the makeup of the biome are hot and rainy summers, as well ...
... Grasses and scattered trees are the backdrop to lions, hyenas, cheetahs, elephants, giraffes, zebras, birds and insects. Africa, South America, and Australia are locations to go if you want to visit this biome. Abiotic factors that influence the makeup of the biome are hot and rainy summers, as well ...
Hibernation and daily torpor minimize mammalian extinctions
... (French 2008). Interestingly, sciurids (ground squirrels and marmots) and glirids (dormice), which are diverse families of rodents containing many hibernators (French 2008) and are of similar size to the hutias, are not listed at all among ...
... (French 2008). Interestingly, sciurids (ground squirrels and marmots) and glirids (dormice), which are diverse families of rodents containing many hibernators (French 2008) and are of similar size to the hutias, are not listed at all among ...
Mammals - AGNR Groups
... Began arriving in the Jurassic Period (190-135 million years ago (mya)) of the Mesozoic Era (225-65 mya): “Age of Reptiles” Mammals are the “Youngest” of vertebrate groups; comparatively recent. They began as small, shrew-like creatures; evolved from reptiles; ended up quite successful and diverse. ...
... Began arriving in the Jurassic Period (190-135 million years ago (mya)) of the Mesozoic Era (225-65 mya): “Age of Reptiles” Mammals are the “Youngest” of vertebrate groups; comparatively recent. They began as small, shrew-like creatures; evolved from reptiles; ended up quite successful and diverse. ...
Pleistocene Rewilding - UNM Biology
... 2000). The loss of proboscideans and other megaherbivores capable and suspected of dispersing the large fruits of these trees may have caused or contributed to the extinction of the other Maclura species, whereas Osage orange fortuitously survived as a small remnant and spread because of dispersal b ...
... 2000). The loss of proboscideans and other megaherbivores capable and suspected of dispersing the large fruits of these trees may have caused or contributed to the extinction of the other Maclura species, whereas Osage orange fortuitously survived as a small remnant and spread because of dispersal b ...
Rodent Burrow Systems in North America
... enough to moderate the microclimate during freezing or extremely hot weather periods. Not all tunnels of the burrow system are being used at all times; some may be plugged with soil. Some rodent species, such as pocket gophers, are believed to patrol their entire burrow system fairly regularly, per ...
... enough to moderate the microclimate during freezing or extremely hot weather periods. Not all tunnels of the burrow system are being used at all times; some may be plugged with soil. Some rodent species, such as pocket gophers, are believed to patrol their entire burrow system fairly regularly, per ...
The Use of Extant Non-Indigenous Tortoises as a Restoration Tool
... Island was a low-risk, high reward strategy (Table 1), based on the biological characteristics of these tortoises and the attributes of Round Island. According to fossil evidence, the low lying Aldabra atoll, home to A. gigantea, was colonized at least three times by these giant tortoises, following ...
... Island was a low-risk, high reward strategy (Table 1), based on the biological characteristics of these tortoises and the attributes of Round Island. According to fossil evidence, the low lying Aldabra atoll, home to A. gigantea, was colonized at least three times by these giant tortoises, following ...
Two-phase extinction of “Southern Hemispheric” birds in the
... America, Madagascar and Australia, and the second in the Miocene, which involved taxa that are today found in Africa or have a pantropic distribution. It is hypothesised that this unusual pattern is the result of a successive action of biotic and abiotic factors. South America was least affected by ...
... America, Madagascar and Australia, and the second in the Miocene, which involved taxa that are today found in Africa or have a pantropic distribution. It is hypothesised that this unusual pattern is the result of a successive action of biotic and abiotic factors. South America was least affected by ...
Human acceleration of animal and plant extinctions: A Late
... mastodons, giant ground sloths, horses, tapirs, camels, bears, saber-tooth cats, and a variety of other animals (Alroy, 1999; Grayson, 1991, 2007). Large mammals were most heavily affected, but some small mammals, including a skunk and rabbit, also went extinct. South America lost an even larger num ...
... mastodons, giant ground sloths, horses, tapirs, camels, bears, saber-tooth cats, and a variety of other animals (Alroy, 1999; Grayson, 1991, 2007). Large mammals were most heavily affected, but some small mammals, including a skunk and rabbit, also went extinct. South America lost an even larger num ...
Great American Interchange
The Great American Interchange was an important paleozoogeographic event in which land and freshwater fauna migrated from North America via Central America to South America and vice versa, as the volcanic Isthmus of Panama rose up from the sea floor and bridged the formerly separated continents. The migration peaked dramatically around three million years (Ma) ago during the Piacenzian age.It resulted in the joining of the Neotropic (roughly South America) and Nearctic (roughly North America) ecozones definitively to form the Americas. The interchange is visible from observation of both stratigraphy and nature (neontology). Its most dramatic effect is on the zoogeography of mammals but it also gave an opportunity for reptiles, amphibians, arthropods, weak-flying or flightless birds, and even freshwater fish to migrate.The occurrence of the interchange was first discussed in 1876 by the ""father of biogeography"", Alfred Russel Wallace. Wallace had spent 1848–1852 exploring and collecting specimens in the Amazon Basin. Others who made significant contributions to understanding the event in the century that followed include Florentino Ameghino, W. D. Matthew, W. B. Scott, Bryan Patterson, George Gaylord Simpson and S. David Webb.Analogous interchanges occurred earlier in the Cenozoic, when the formerly isolated land masses of India and Africa made contact with Eurasia c. 50 and 30 Ma ago, respectively.