A quantum random walk model for the (1 + 2) dimensional Dirac
... The search for a relativistic wave equation to describe a spin- 21 particle i.e., the free electron, came to fruition in the Dirac equation. Paul Dirac originally formulated the Dirac equation by considering the square root of the wave operator, = ∂t2 − ∂x2 − ∂y2 − ∂z2 in 1 time and 3 space dimens ...
... The search for a relativistic wave equation to describe a spin- 21 particle i.e., the free electron, came to fruition in the Dirac equation. Paul Dirac originally formulated the Dirac equation by considering the square root of the wave operator, = ∂t2 − ∂x2 − ∂y2 − ∂z2 in 1 time and 3 space dimens ...
The classical and quantum mechanics of a particle on a knot.
... operators pθ and θ do not commute requires us to perform an operator-ordering of the classical Hamiltonian. The above analysis shows that while toroidal coordinates are ideally suited to consider the motion of a particle on a circle in the xy-plane, they are more cumbersome when it comes to handling ...
... operators pθ and θ do not commute requires us to perform an operator-ordering of the classical Hamiltonian. The above analysis shows that while toroidal coordinates are ideally suited to consider the motion of a particle on a circle in the xy-plane, they are more cumbersome when it comes to handling ...
Chapter 12: Symmetries in Physics: Isospin and the Eightfold Way
... The mass of the up and down quarks are not identical but they are both of the order of a few M eV /c2 ’s which is minuscule compared to the typical energy scale of hadrons (i.e. strongly interacting particles) which is about a GeV /c2 . This is why isospin is such a good symmetry and why isomultiple ...
... The mass of the up and down quarks are not identical but they are both of the order of a few M eV /c2 ’s which is minuscule compared to the typical energy scale of hadrons (i.e. strongly interacting particles) which is about a GeV /c2 . This is why isospin is such a good symmetry and why isomultiple ...
QEFS Hong Wei Yu
... Theoretical result: The Dirac theory in Quantum Mechanics shows: the states, 2s1/2 and 2p1/2 of hydrogen atom are degenerate. ...
... Theoretical result: The Dirac theory in Quantum Mechanics shows: the states, 2s1/2 and 2p1/2 of hydrogen atom are degenerate. ...
Cosmological constant and vacuum energy
... The homogeneous ground state of a quantum system, even though it contains a large amount of particles (atoms or electrons), does really play the role of a quantum vacuum. Quasiparticles – the propagating low-frequency excitations above the ground state, that play the role of elementary particles in ...
... The homogeneous ground state of a quantum system, even though it contains a large amount of particles (atoms or electrons), does really play the role of a quantum vacuum. Quasiparticles – the propagating low-frequency excitations above the ground state, that play the role of elementary particles in ...
A Course in Consciousness
... The earliest well-articulated philosophy of materialism was that of Democritus (Greek philosopher, c.460 - c.370 BC). He postulated a world made up entirely of hard, invisible particles called atoms. These atoms had shape, mass and motion, but no other qualities, such as color or flavor. These latte ...
... The earliest well-articulated philosophy of materialism was that of Democritus (Greek philosopher, c.460 - c.370 BC). He postulated a world made up entirely of hard, invisible particles called atoms. These atoms had shape, mass and motion, but no other qualities, such as color or flavor. These latte ...
A Quantum Mechanical Supertask
... The differential form must be supplemented by a weak condition, such as the requirement that state vectors be normalizable at all times, 3 in order to recover the integral form and expel the pathologies. The indeterminism arising here is not the indeterminism of the quantum measurement process. In s ...
... The differential form must be supplemented by a weak condition, such as the requirement that state vectors be normalizable at all times, 3 in order to recover the integral form and expel the pathologies. The indeterminism arising here is not the indeterminism of the quantum measurement process. In s ...
Entanglement in a solid-state spin ensemble
... ensembles have been implemented in a regime of weak spin polarization. However, owing to the very low purity of the states used, any exponential enhancement offered by quantum mechanics disappears when the scaling of total resources is considered. Highly mixed, or weakly initialized, ensembles are o ...
... ensembles have been implemented in a regime of weak spin polarization. However, owing to the very low purity of the states used, any exponential enhancement offered by quantum mechanics disappears when the scaling of total resources is considered. Highly mixed, or weakly initialized, ensembles are o ...
Quantum layers over surfaces ruled outside a compact set
... The spectrum of the Laplacian on manifolds is a classical domain of research within geometric analysis. One of its least developed areas is the spectral analysis on noncompact, noncomplete manifolds. An interesting paper by Duclos et al.2 demonstrated, under certain geometric conditions, the existen ...
... The spectrum of the Laplacian on manifolds is a classical domain of research within geometric analysis. One of its least developed areas is the spectral analysis on noncompact, noncomplete manifolds. An interesting paper by Duclos et al.2 demonstrated, under certain geometric conditions, the existen ...
Entanglement Entropy at Infinite-Randomness Fixed Points in Higher Dimensions Yu-Cheng Lin,
... that noncritical entanglement entropy scales as the area of the boundary between the subsystems, known as the ‘‘area law’’ [3,4]. This area relationship is known to be violated for gapless fermionic systems [5] in which a logarithmic multiplicative correction is found. One might suspect that whether ...
... that noncritical entanglement entropy scales as the area of the boundary between the subsystems, known as the ‘‘area law’’ [3,4]. This area relationship is known to be violated for gapless fermionic systems [5] in which a logarithmic multiplicative correction is found. One might suspect that whether ...
Phys. Rev. B 94, 195305 (2016) - Petta Group
... signal provide useful information. As an example, sequential tunneling through a voltage biased DQD was recently shown to result in microwave frequency amplification, such that |aout /ain | > 1 [38–40]. For the one-electron case probed here, the spin does not play any role. Applying a Zeeman field w ...
... signal provide useful information. As an example, sequential tunneling through a voltage biased DQD was recently shown to result in microwave frequency amplification, such that |aout /ain | > 1 [38–40]. For the one-electron case probed here, the spin does not play any role. Applying a Zeeman field w ...
Recurrence spectroscopy of atoms in electric fields: Scattering in the...
... closed-orbit theory, in which waves excited by the laser go out and are turned around in the external fields, was simple. There were, however, the usual problems that occur in any primitive semiclassical formula. The semiclassical approximation for the returning wave near the core could, and would, ...
... closed-orbit theory, in which waves excited by the laser go out and are turned around in the external fields, was simple. There were, however, the usual problems that occur in any primitive semiclassical formula. The semiclassical approximation for the returning wave near the core could, and would, ...
Short-time-evolved wave functions for solving quantum many
... ⫽0.365 as obtained from the quartic wave function. The experimental S(k) shown in this figure is the result reported by Svensson et al.27 The overall agreement between our shorttime-evolved structure factor with experiment is excellent except at small k. This is not unexpected because our imaginary ...
... ⫽0.365 as obtained from the quartic wave function. The experimental S(k) shown in this figure is the result reported by Svensson et al.27 The overall agreement between our shorttime-evolved structure factor with experiment is excellent except at small k. This is not unexpected because our imaginary ...
The modal nature of structures in ontic structural realism
... the causal theory of properties, the qualitative character of a property type determines the causal role that the property type in question plays and hence determines the causal relations in which the tokens of the property type in question stand. Since, on that view, it is the nature of the propert ...
... the causal theory of properties, the qualitative character of a property type determines the causal role that the property type in question plays and hence determines the causal relations in which the tokens of the property type in question stand. Since, on that view, it is the nature of the propert ...
Superconducting Circuits and Quantum Computation—T. P. Orlando
... simple two-level system, observing such a gap would be unexpected for an incoherent transition, since the population in the lower level should always be larger than 0.5 in that case. In order to address this gap phenomenon in our multi-level system, a multi-level pump-decaying model is introduced. T ...
... simple two-level system, observing such a gap would be unexpected for an incoherent transition, since the population in the lower level should always be larger than 0.5 in that case. In order to address this gap phenomenon in our multi-level system, a multi-level pump-decaying model is introduced. T ...
Bound states in inhomogeneous magnetic field in graphene
... field.10,11 Recently, the interest in inhomogeneous magneticfield setups has also appeared. Martino et al.12 have demonstrated that massless Dirac electrons can be confined by inhomogeneous magnetic field and that a magnetic quantum dot can be formed in graphene, levels of which are tunable almost a ...
... field.10,11 Recently, the interest in inhomogeneous magneticfield setups has also appeared. Martino et al.12 have demonstrated that massless Dirac electrons can be confined by inhomogeneous magnetic field and that a magnetic quantum dot can be formed in graphene, levels of which are tunable almost a ...
The Tenth Rochester Conferences on Coherence Quantum Information and Measurement
... paper treats the problem of one-atom interacting with one cavity mode with two alternative theories: quantum electrodynamics and semiclassical theory, and compares the predictions. The semiclassical theory was later extended to treat a single atom in free space interacting with a classical field inc ...
... paper treats the problem of one-atom interacting with one cavity mode with two alternative theories: quantum electrodynamics and semiclassical theory, and compares the predictions. The semiclassical theory was later extended to treat a single atom in free space interacting with a classical field inc ...
Quantum phenomena in gravitational field - AEgIS
... Principle (WEP). WEP is being tested with increasing sensitivity for macroscopic bodies. The best test so far confirms WEP to the accuracy of 2×10−13 (using a rotating torsion balance [1]). Ongoing projects aim at the accuracy of 1 part in 1018 (in an Earth orbiting satellite [2]). However, in view o ...
... Principle (WEP). WEP is being tested with increasing sensitivity for macroscopic bodies. The best test so far confirms WEP to the accuracy of 2×10−13 (using a rotating torsion balance [1]). Ongoing projects aim at the accuracy of 1 part in 1018 (in an Earth orbiting satellite [2]). However, in view o ...
A continued fraction resummation form of bath
... is calculated using the RQKE rates, which is also compared with the exact stochastic path integral result.39,40 In Sec. VI, we summarize our studies. ...
... is calculated using the RQKE rates, which is also compared with the exact stochastic path integral result.39,40 In Sec. VI, we summarize our studies. ...
atom interferometer - Center for Ultracold Atoms
... Most previous experiments in atom optics have involved manipulation of the momentum of a matter wave transverse to its direction of propagation. However, one may also alter a wave’s longitudinal momentum state, placing each atom in a superposition involving different wavelengths corresponding to dif ...
... Most previous experiments in atom optics have involved manipulation of the momentum of a matter wave transverse to its direction of propagation. However, one may also alter a wave’s longitudinal momentum state, placing each atom in a superposition involving different wavelengths corresponding to dif ...
Population inversion in optically pumped asymmetric quantum well
... always going to be very poor ~approx. 1026 ), but is over an order of magnitude smaller at 2.8 THz ~the lowest emission frequency considered! than at 12.1 THz ~the highest frequency considered!. The lifetime ratios for T52 K are not shown in Fig. 3. These are predicted to be very high for all struct ...
... always going to be very poor ~approx. 1026 ), but is over an order of magnitude smaller at 2.8 THz ~the lowest emission frequency considered! than at 12.1 THz ~the highest frequency considered!. The lifetime ratios for T52 K are not shown in Fig. 3. These are predicted to be very high for all struct ...
Spin and photophysics of carbon-antisite potential quantum bit Linköping University Post Print
... case, a closed shell singlet with a fully occupied a1 state and an empty e state forms. Since there is a gap between the a1 and e states one might consider the closed-shell singlet as the ground state. In this Rapid Communication, we show that the S = 1 state should be also considered, where the a1 ...
... case, a closed shell singlet with a fully occupied a1 state and an empty e state forms. Since there is a gap between the a1 and e states one might consider the closed-shell singlet as the ground state. In this Rapid Communication, we show that the S = 1 state should be also considered, where the a1 ...
An Introduction to Nonequilibrium Many
... is not of exponential form, so there is no way we can use the Matsubara trick which consists in a simultaneous expansion of the density matrix and the time-evolution operator allowed by the coincidence in functional form of these two operators. In the Feynman case, once again the density matrix is n ...
... is not of exponential form, so there is no way we can use the Matsubara trick which consists in a simultaneous expansion of the density matrix and the time-evolution operator allowed by the coincidence in functional form of these two operators. In the Feynman case, once again the density matrix is n ...