Charles Darwin (1809-1882) gentleman naturalist
... types as earlier thinkers had done. From his observations of domesticated plants and animals it seemed that there were no limits to the extent organic forms could vary and change through generations. Thus the existing species in the world were related not along a chain of being or in statically sepa ...
... types as earlier thinkers had done. From his observations of domesticated plants and animals it seemed that there were no limits to the extent organic forms could vary and change through generations. Thus the existing species in the world were related not along a chain of being or in statically sepa ...
Multilevel And Sex-Specific Selection On Competitive Traits In North
... peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. ...
... peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. ...
Synthetic analyses of phenotypic selection in natural
... Natural and sexual selection are the primary mechanisms that cause adaptive evolution within natural populations (Darwin 1859). Despite the centrality of selection to Darwin’s theory of evolution, he never quantified selection in the wild. In the century following the publication of The Origin of Sp ...
... Natural and sexual selection are the primary mechanisms that cause adaptive evolution within natural populations (Darwin 1859). Despite the centrality of selection to Darwin’s theory of evolution, he never quantified selection in the wild. In the century following the publication of The Origin of Sp ...
genome structure and the benefit of sex
... That is, spontaneous point mutation operates on nucleotides individually whereas sexual recombination manipulates the set of tightly linked nucleotides within a gene in combination (and hence respecting its functional unity). Accordingly, evolution by natural selection in asexual populations can onl ...
... That is, spontaneous point mutation operates on nucleotides individually whereas sexual recombination manipulates the set of tightly linked nucleotides within a gene in combination (and hence respecting its functional unity). Accordingly, evolution by natural selection in asexual populations can onl ...
Maternal effects and evolution at ecological time
... change, occurring over ‘ecological’ time-scales such as years, decades or centuries (Thompson 1998; Hendry & Kinnison 1999; Hairston et al. 2005). In essence, ‘maternal effects’ can be defined as any aspect of the mother’s phenotype that affects her offspring’s’ phenotype. Consequently, not all mate ...
... change, occurring over ‘ecological’ time-scales such as years, decades or centuries (Thompson 1998; Hendry & Kinnison 1999; Hairston et al. 2005). In essence, ‘maternal effects’ can be defined as any aspect of the mother’s phenotype that affects her offspring’s’ phenotype. Consequently, not all mate ...
Of Mice and Metaphysics: Natural Selection and
... view held by both biologists and philosophers of biology, natural selection is not a cause of evolutionary change. Rather, it is a statistical trend, a “formally characterized phenomenon, a statistical property of physical substrates that possess certain metrical properties” (Matthen and Ariew 2002, ...
... view held by both biologists and philosophers of biology, natural selection is not a cause of evolutionary change. Rather, it is a statistical trend, a “formally characterized phenomenon, a statistical property of physical substrates that possess certain metrical properties” (Matthen and Ariew 2002, ...
Strong ecological but weak evolutionary effects of elevated CO
... the RIL population is high even for traits for which the parental genotypes are phenotypically similar. Accordingly, because the RILs were propagated without selection, the 164 lines used here are expected to represent a broader range of genetic and phenotypic variation than would be present in a hi ...
... the RIL population is high even for traits for which the parental genotypes are phenotypically similar. Accordingly, because the RILs were propagated without selection, the 164 lines used here are expected to represent a broader range of genetic and phenotypic variation than would be present in a hi ...
plants are more than the sum of their parts
... modules) while allowing for independent evolution of other sets of integrated characters (of other modules) that do not share common development or function [26,28,34 –36]. Animal-pollinated flowers are predicted to be highly integrated ([37,38]; reviewed in [39]); the coordination of multiple organ ...
... modules) while allowing for independent evolution of other sets of integrated characters (of other modules) that do not share common development or function [26,28,34 –36]. Animal-pollinated flowers are predicted to be highly integrated ([37,38]; reviewed in [39]); the coordination of multiple organ ...
Wallace, Alfred Russel (1823-1913) - TopSCHOLAR
... original type' -off to Darwin, with whom he had recently begun a correspondence, for 'possible forwarding' to Lyel!. Darwin recognized in its message the very essence of his last twenty years of labour, and was quite under· standably taken aback. The exact chain of events that followed is still not ...
... original type' -off to Darwin, with whom he had recently begun a correspondence, for 'possible forwarding' to Lyel!. Darwin recognized in its message the very essence of his last twenty years of labour, and was quite under· standably taken aback. The exact chain of events that followed is still not ...
Adaptive speciation: the role of natural selection in mechanisms of
... view, but nevertheless only a start. We must do more than simply focus on the component mechanisms of speciation. We must also examine how those modules interact with each other and with environmental factors in the production of genetic divergence. Present debates ultimately hinge, not on biogeogra ...
... view, but nevertheless only a start. We must do more than simply focus on the component mechanisms of speciation. We must also examine how those modules interact with each other and with environmental factors in the production of genetic divergence. Present debates ultimately hinge, not on biogeogra ...
(1) - Frankfort-Schuyler Central School District
... it slows and less of the product is produced. Negative feedback reverses a trend. • Positive feedback means that as more of a product accumulates, the process that creates it speeds up and more of the product is made. Positive feedback accelerates a trend. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., p ...
... it slows and less of the product is produced. Negative feedback reverses a trend. • Positive feedback means that as more of a product accumulates, the process that creates it speeds up and more of the product is made. Positive feedback accelerates a trend. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., p ...
Palaeontologia Electronica Extinction: Evolution and the End of Man
... that birds may be feathered dinosaurs, but more data is needed to determine this (he fails to mention scientific papers that have settled this issue). He says, however, that he can resolve this problem with his database: if the three groups (i.e., ornithischians, saurischians, and birds, fig. 4.1, p ...
... that birds may be feathered dinosaurs, but more data is needed to determine this (he fails to mention scientific papers that have settled this issue). He says, however, that he can resolve this problem with his database: if the three groups (i.e., ornithischians, saurischians, and birds, fig. 4.1, p ...
Adaptive speciation when assortative mating is
... Similarly, the parameter l was fixed at 0.001 for most results. For the numbers of loci considered here, this value ensures reasonable per trait mutation rates. For example, if the ecological trait is determined by five loci in the above model, then in each generation, fewer than one in a hundred of ...
... Similarly, the parameter l was fixed at 0.001 for most results. For the numbers of loci considered here, this value ensures reasonable per trait mutation rates. For example, if the ecological trait is determined by five loci in the above model, then in each generation, fewer than one in a hundred of ...
Cultural selection
... did not appreciate that humans and animals have a common descent. He even discussed whether the different human races have each their own Adam and Eve (Bagehot 1869). He did, of course, revise his opinions in 1871 when Darwin published The Descent of Man. ...
... did not appreciate that humans and animals have a common descent. He even discussed whether the different human races have each their own Adam and Eve (Bagehot 1869). He did, of course, revise his opinions in 1871 when Darwin published The Descent of Man. ...
Unifying Biology: The Evolutionary Synthesis and
... the several branches which has tended to exaggerate their differences and has even led to certain traditional feuds between them. This process of fragmentation continues, and with it increases the time and labour requisite for obtaining a proper acquaintance with any particular branch."' To Woodger, ...
... the several branches which has tended to exaggerate their differences and has even led to certain traditional feuds between them. This process of fragmentation continues, and with it increases the time and labour requisite for obtaining a proper acquaintance with any particular branch."' To Woodger, ...
Repeatable Population Dynamics among Vesicular Stomatitis Virus
... to spontaneously occur during most (or all) cellular infections (Huang, 1973; Lazzarini et al., 1981; Perrault, 1981), only frequent opportunities for co-infection are expected to foster persistence of DIPs. The reason is that DIPs are unlikely to persist as a pure population because they do not enc ...
... to spontaneously occur during most (or all) cellular infections (Huang, 1973; Lazzarini et al., 1981; Perrault, 1981), only frequent opportunities for co-infection are expected to foster persistence of DIPs. The reason is that DIPs are unlikely to persist as a pure population because they do not enc ...
The heart of a dragon: 3D anatomical reconstruction of the
... body volume. This proportionally giant heart primarily sucks blood through the ctenidium and supplies the highly vascularised oesophageal gland. Thus we infer the elaborate cardiovascular system most likely evolved to oxygenate the endosymbionts in an oxygen poor environment and/or to supply hydroge ...
... body volume. This proportionally giant heart primarily sucks blood through the ctenidium and supplies the highly vascularised oesophageal gland. Thus we infer the elaborate cardiovascular system most likely evolved to oxygenate the endosymbionts in an oxygen poor environment and/or to supply hydroge ...
1 Of Mice and Metaphysics: Natural Selection and Realized
... mutations, genetic recombination events, etc. Yet this completeness principle alone does not rule out a strong emergentist view of selection, for it is compatible with the existence of a novel, completely distinct force of selection that acts independently of Darwinian events in the production of ev ...
... mutations, genetic recombination events, etc. Yet this completeness principle alone does not rule out a strong emergentist view of selection, for it is compatible with the existence of a novel, completely distinct force of selection that acts independently of Darwinian events in the production of ev ...
Evolutionary Chance Mutation: A Defense of the - Philsci
... accounted for by the Modern Synthesis’ consensus view since they are not specifically caused in an (exclusively) adaptive way by a physico-chemical process in response to environmental conditions (what I call “evolutionary chance” or “non directed” mutations). In so doing, I will draw upon the empir ...
... accounted for by the Modern Synthesis’ consensus view since they are not specifically caused in an (exclusively) adaptive way by a physico-chemical process in response to environmental conditions (what I call “evolutionary chance” or “non directed” mutations). In so doing, I will draw upon the empir ...
Evolutionary Chance Mutation
... accounted for by the Modern Synthesis’ consensus view since they are not specifically caused in an (exclusively) adaptive way by a physico-chemical process in response to environmental conditions (what I call “evolutionary chance” or “non directed” mutations). In so doing, I will draw upon the empir ...
... accounted for by the Modern Synthesis’ consensus view since they are not specifically caused in an (exclusively) adaptive way by a physico-chemical process in response to environmental conditions (what I call “evolutionary chance” or “non directed” mutations). In so doing, I will draw upon the empir ...
Phenotypic plasticity and experimental evolution
... difference in population mean phenotype between generations one (G1) and two (G2) indicates that evolution has occurred (assuming that the environment in which the organisms are living has not changed in a way that causes the altered phenotypes via direct environmental effects). This process continu ...
... difference in population mean phenotype between generations one (G1) and two (G2) indicates that evolution has occurred (assuming that the environment in which the organisms are living has not changed in a way that causes the altered phenotypes via direct environmental effects). This process continu ...