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Biocide injection as a means of internal corrosion control of oil
Biocide injection as a means of internal corrosion control of oil

... pipelines. In this research, carefully formulated laboratory experiments are performed on a sample of sump tank discharge from Mobil Producing Nigeria (MPN) offshore facilities using formaldehyde (methanol) as the biocide. This is to assess its effect on bacterial proliferation as well as hydrogen s ...
Manure Management in the Equine Landscape
Manure Management in the Equine Landscape

... Manure Management in the Equine Landscape A 1000 pound horse will produce at least 9 tons of manure each year. Add this to an additional 4 tons of bedding material from the stall, and the result is a huge 13 tons of waste to deal with. How to manage this massive amount of manure is an issue for ever ...
nutrient removal wastewater treatment
nutrient removal wastewater treatment

... to anaerobic zone; supplementation of VFAs may be required 3. Could be affected by biological toxicity, but toxicity is very rare 4. Design and operation requirements are more sensitive, therefore requires more rigorous biological process control 5. WAS processing requirements are more complex ...
The Basics of Phosphorus Removal Prepared by Michigan Department of Environmental Quality
The Basics of Phosphorus Removal Prepared by Michigan Department of Environmental Quality

... Important Considerations Adequate Influent BOD ( Enough O2 demand to achieve anaerobic conditions) ...
Organic material is broken down in a digester Processed biogas is
Organic material is broken down in a digester Processed biogas is

... material or a combination of them. ...


... environmental and can effectively consume on organic matters to grow. On the 21st day of operation, the concentration of the MLVSS remains constant for the next 6 operation days, with on the range between 20680mg/l and 21000 mg/l. The stationary phase of MLVSS concentration is reached in this time p ...
1.85 water and wastewater treatment engineering final exam
1.85 water and wastewater treatment engineering final exam

... Anaerobic = essentially zero oxygen, allowing methanogenesis to occur Anoxic = low in oxygen such that nitrate is also used as an electron acceptor. ...
Example exam questions2006
Example exam questions2006

... Anaerobic respirations are different to anaerobic fermentation in that external electron acceptors other than oxygen are used to build up a proton gradient that allows ATP generation via the ATP synthase. In contrast to oxygen respiration, anaerobic respirations form reduced endproducts, which can ...
2.3 Anaerobic, aerobic and facultative ponds
2.3 Anaerobic, aerobic and facultative ponds

... evident only after at least 250 mm of evaporation occurs. As most effluents from Australian dairies have a TS < 1% and many form crusts, it would appear that the mechanisms of crust formation still require more local research. Similarly, there has not been any attempt to identify a VSLRmax suitable ...
Review of the Advantages and Disadvantages of
Review of the Advantages and Disadvantages of

...  Temperature: Mesophilic / Thermophilic temperatures must be maintained or biogas production will be reduced.  Salts: Bacteria require minimum amounts of salts for optimum growth. However if salts are allowed to accumulated beyond requirements digestion is inhibited.  Alkalinity: Acids are produc ...
Welcome to Shawnee #2 Wastewater Treatment Plant
Welcome to Shawnee #2 Wastewater Treatment Plant

... Sludge Processing Building ...
nutrient removal
nutrient removal

... Principle of Biological Nitrogen Removal Biological Nitrogen Removal Processes Principle of Biological Phosphorus Removal Biological Phosphorus Removal Processes Combined Biological N & P Removal Processes ...
Sewage Treatment/Cultural Eutrophication
Sewage Treatment/Cultural Eutrophication

... Sludge is an excellent soil conditioner and is used as a fertilizer on farmland. However, it needs additional treatment to make it suitable. This treatment is called anaerobic digestion and takes place in large, enclosed tanks. NYC sludge has too many heavy metals (Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu) and may not be use ...
Sewage Treatment/Cultural Eutrophication
Sewage Treatment/Cultural Eutrophication

... Sludge is an excellent soil conditioner and is used as a fertilizer on farmland. However, it needs additional treatment to make it suitable. This treatment is called anaerobic digestion and takes place in large, enclosed tanks. NYC sludge has too many heavy metals (Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu) and may not be use ...
Factors affecting Ecosystems
Factors affecting Ecosystems

... GRAVY, FISH, or CHEESE…..they cause an awful smell that attracts animals!!! ...
Lagoon Sewage Treatment Systems - the Oklahoma Department of
Lagoon Sewage Treatment Systems - the Oklahoma Department of

... to sunlight is extremely important to lagoons because it contributes to the growth of green algae on the water surface. Because algae are plants, they live by a process called photosynthesis. This process produces oxygen which many of the bacteria in the water use to breakdown the waste. Lagoons are ...
The History of the Oak Harbor Treatment Plant
The History of the Oak Harbor Treatment Plant

... Eutrophication of rivers and lakes motivated people to develop and adapt new technologies to control or slow down the degradation of their rivers, lakes and estuaries. Eutrophication is a common phenomenon in marine, coastal waters. In contrast to freshwater systems, nitrogen is more commonly the ke ...
The ANITA™ Range - Veolia Water Technologies
The ANITA™ Range - Veolia Water Technologies

... (NO2-). The oxygen demand as well as the amount of external carbon required for denitrification are significantly reduced. A Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR), where sludge is separated from water, is used to facilitate the process operation and allows for the nitrate-shunt to be performed under the be ...
SUBMISSION OF PAPERS/POSTERS
SUBMISSION OF PAPERS/POSTERS

... do not belong to this group, since their hydrolysis results in the production of long chain fatty acids (LCFA). Until recently these were considered toxic to anaerobic bacteria and a nuisance because they induce floatation of biomass (Hwu, 1997). Since the success of conventional anaerobic treatment ...
Managing Livestock Holding Pens to Protect Groundwater
Managing Livestock Holding Pens to Protect Groundwater

... you need a water-quality protection permit. The requirements may differ by county. For example, Bosque, Comanche, Erath, Hamilton, Hopkins, Johnson, Rains, and Wood Counties are more restrictive in the number of livestock permitted on site. Texas water law requires that a water wellhead be at leas ...
Circulation of Nutrients
Circulation of Nutrients

... •Un-decomposed material is litter •fully decomposed material is humus •physical and biological process •detritovores - detritus eating invertebrates •microbial decomposers - bacteria/fungi •fixed, lost and transformed nutrients ...
MUTAG ny Multi Phostrip
MUTAG ny Multi Phostrip

... Simplified description of biological phosphorus removal The principle of biological phosphorus removal is based upon the metabolism of those microorganisms (Acinetobacter species) in the treatment plant that are capable of incorporating increased amounts of phosphorus in their cells in the form of p ...
Biological Treatment Processes
Biological Treatment Processes

... Operational Considerations: • Can be very efficient for soluble BOD/ COD removal but solids concentrations too high for discharge (irrigation ok). ...
- Catalyst
- Catalyst

... What are two natural forms of industrial scale fertilizer. Bird guano and natural phosphate deposits. What is the role of the nation of Nauru in agriculture? It was once the source of rich phosphate deposits. What was the major scientific discovery that stimulated the modern fertilizer industry? The ...
CE: 461
CE: 461

... compete for aqueous oxygen. Under the circumstances, high DO concentration must be maintained in such reactors to ensure that aqueous oxygen diffuses into the inner parts for biomass clusters where many nitrifying microorganisms may be found. ...
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Anaerobic lagoon

An anaerobic lagoon or manure lagoon is a man-made outdoor earthen basin filled with animal waste that undergoes anaerobic respiration as part of a system designed to manage and treat refuse created by Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs). Anaerobic lagoons are created from a manure slurry, which is washed out from underneath the animal pens and then piped into the lagoon. Sometimes the slurry is placed in an intermediary holding tank under or next to the barns before it is deposited in a lagoon. Once in the lagoon, the manure settles into two layers: solid, or sludge, layer and the liquid layer. The manure then undergoes the process of anaerobic respiration, whereby the volatile organic compounds are converted into carbon dioxide and methane. Anaerobic lagoons are usually used to pretreat high strength industrial wastewaters, and municipal wastewaters. This allows for preliminary sedimentation of suspended solids as a pretreatment process. Anaerobic lagoons have been shown to harbor and emit substances which can cause adverse environmental and health effects. These substances are emitted through two main pathways: gas emissions and lagoon overflow. Gas emissions are continuous (though the amount may vary based on the season) and are a product of the manure slurry itself. The most prevalent gasses emitted by the lagoon are: ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, methane, and carbon dioxide. Lagoon overflow is caused by faulty lagoons, such as cracks or improper construction, or adverse weather conditions, such as increased rainfall or strong winds. These overflows release harmful substances into the surrounding land and water such as: antibiotics, estrogens, bacteria, pesticides, heavy metals, and protozoa.In response to environmental and health concerns, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has tightened regulation of the CAFO under the Clean Water Act (CWA). Some states have imposed their own regulation as well. Due to repeated overflows and resultant health concerns, North Carolina banned the construction of new anaerobic lagoons in 1999. There has also been a significant push for the research, development and implementation of environmentally sound technologies (ESTs) which would allow for safer containment and recycling of CAFO waste.
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